Mapping the status of the North American beaver invasion in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago
Quantifying the presence and environmental impact of invasive species is the starting point for research on management and nature conservation. North American beavers (Castor canadensis) were introduced to Argentina from Canada in 1946, and the species has been identified as a major agent of environ...
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| description | Quantifying the presence and environmental impact of invasive species is the starting point for research on management and nature conservation. North American beavers (Castor canadensis) were introduced to Argentina from Canada in 1946, and the species has been identified as a major agent of environmental change in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago in the Anthropocene. We studied the invasion status (distribution and density) of beavers through analyses of the dam densities in the Tierra del Fuego landscapes. We identified beaver dams with a GIS using visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery from Microsoft Bing, Google Earth and HERE and related them to natural environmental gradients. These factors comprised geographic (vegetation zones and distance to streams), climatic (temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and net primary productivity) and topographic (elevation and slope) data. The datasets (dams and factors) were combined, and the data from the different zonation classes were subsequently compared using ANOVAs and Tukey's mean comparison tests. Deviations from the mean density (x mean density-x total mean density) were calculated to visualize the deviations for the studied factors. The datasets were also evaluated using principal component analyses (PCA). Our results showed a total of 206,203 beaver dams (100,951 in Argentina and 105,252 in Chile) in the study area (73,000 km2). The main island of Tierra del Fuego presented a greater degree of invasion (73.6% of the total study area) than the rest of the archipelago, especially in areas covered by mixed-evergreen and deciduous forests. The studied geographic, climatic and topographic factors showed positive trends (higher beaver preference) with beaver spread, which were all significant (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0232057 |
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North American beavers (Castor canadensis) were introduced to Argentina from Canada in 1946, and the species has been identified as a major agent of environmental change in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago in the Anthropocene. We studied the invasion status (distribution and density) of beavers through analyses of the dam densities in the Tierra del Fuego landscapes. We identified beaver dams with a GIS using visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery from Microsoft Bing, Google Earth and HERE and related them to natural environmental gradients. These factors comprised geographic (vegetation zones and distance to streams), climatic (temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and net primary productivity) and topographic (elevation and slope) data. The datasets (dams and factors) were combined, and the data from the different zonation classes were subsequently compared using ANOVAs and Tukey's mean comparison tests. Deviations from the mean density (x mean density-x total mean density) were calculated to visualize the deviations for the studied factors. The datasets were also evaluated using principal component analyses (PCA). Our results showed a total of 206,203 beaver dams (100,951 in Argentina and 105,252 in Chile) in the study area (73,000 km2). The main island of Tierra del Fuego presented a greater degree of invasion (73.6% of the total study area) than the rest of the archipelago, especially in areas covered by mixed-evergreen and deciduous forests. The studied geographic, climatic and topographic factors showed positive trends (higher beaver preference) with beaver spread, which were all significant (p <0.05) when compared across the landscape. Although beavers are flexible in their habitat use, our empirical records showed that they had marked preferences and were positively influenced by the most productive forests. Here, we describe a scientific panorama that identified the drivers of species invasion based on satellite data and the available ecological datasets. The identification of such drivers could be useful for developing new tools for management and/or control strategies of the beavers in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232057</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32330157</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Anthropocene ; Aquatic mammals ; Archipelagoes ; Beavers ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Coniferous forests ; Conservation ; Dams ; Datasets ; Deciduous forests ; Density ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystems ; Elevation ; Empirical analysis ; Environmental changes ; Environmental gradient ; Environmental impact ; Evapotranspiration ; Forests ; Geographic information systems ; Habitat utilization ; Hydrologic data ; Image resolution ; Introduced species ; Invasive species ; Islands ; Landscape ; Mapping ; Nature ; Nature conservation ; Net Primary Productivity ; New records ; Peatlands ; Precipitation ; Principal components analysis ; Satellite data ; Satellites ; Search engines ; Vegetation ; Visual system ; Zonation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-04, Vol.15 (4), p.e0232057-e0232057</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Huertas Herrera et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Deviations from the mean density (x mean density-x total mean density) were calculated to visualize the deviations for the studied factors. The datasets were also evaluated using principal component analyses (PCA). Our results showed a total of 206,203 beaver dams (100,951 in Argentina and 105,252 in Chile) in the study area (73,000 km2). The main island of Tierra del Fuego presented a greater degree of invasion (73.6% of the total study area) than the rest of the archipelago, especially in areas covered by mixed-evergreen and deciduous forests. The studied geographic, climatic and topographic factors showed positive trends (higher beaver preference) with beaver spread, which were all significant (p <0.05) when compared across the landscape. Although beavers are flexible in their habitat use, our empirical records showed that they had marked preferences and were positively influenced by the most productive forests. Here, we describe a scientific panorama that identified the drivers of species invasion based on satellite data and the available ecological datasets. The identification of such drivers could be useful for developing new tools for management and/or control strategies of the beavers in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anthropocene</subject><subject>Aquatic mammals</subject><subject>Archipelagoes</subject><subject>Beavers</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Coniferous forests</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Dams</subject><subject>Datasets</subject><subject>Deciduous forests</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Elevation</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Environmental gradient</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Evapotranspiration</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>Geographic information systems</subject><subject>Habitat 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Tina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mapping the status of the North American beaver invasion in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-04-24</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0232057</spage><epage>e0232057</epage><pages>e0232057-e0232057</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Quantifying the presence and environmental impact of invasive species is the starting point for research on management and nature conservation. North American beavers (Castor canadensis) were introduced to Argentina from Canada in 1946, and the species has been identified as a major agent of environmental change in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago in the Anthropocene. We studied the invasion status (distribution and density) of beavers through analyses of the dam densities in the Tierra del Fuego landscapes. We identified beaver dams with a GIS using visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial imagery from Microsoft Bing, Google Earth and HERE and related them to natural environmental gradients. These factors comprised geographic (vegetation zones and distance to streams), climatic (temperature, precipitation, evapotranspiration and net primary productivity) and topographic (elevation and slope) data. The datasets (dams and factors) were combined, and the data from the different zonation classes were subsequently compared using ANOVAs and Tukey's mean comparison tests. Deviations from the mean density (x mean density-x total mean density) were calculated to visualize the deviations for the studied factors. The datasets were also evaluated using principal component analyses (PCA). Our results showed a total of 206,203 beaver dams (100,951 in Argentina and 105,252 in Chile) in the study area (73,000 km2). The main island of Tierra del Fuego presented a greater degree of invasion (73.6% of the total study area) than the rest of the archipelago, especially in areas covered by mixed-evergreen and deciduous forests. The studied geographic, climatic and topographic factors showed positive trends (higher beaver preference) with beaver spread, which were all significant (p <0.05) when compared across the landscape. Although beavers are flexible in their habitat use, our empirical records showed that they had marked preferences and were positively influenced by the most productive forests. Here, we describe a scientific panorama that identified the drivers of species invasion based on satellite data and the available ecological datasets. The identification of such drivers could be useful for developing new tools for management and/or control strategies of the beavers in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32330157</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0232057</doi><tpages>e0232057</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2229-6714</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-5403</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analysis Anthropocene Aquatic mammals Archipelagoes Beavers Biology and Life Sciences Coniferous forests Conservation Dams Datasets Deciduous forests Density Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems Elevation Empirical analysis Environmental changes Environmental gradient Environmental impact Evapotranspiration Forests Geographic information systems Habitat utilization Hydrologic data Image resolution Introduced species Invasive species Islands Landscape Mapping Nature Nature conservation Net Primary Productivity New records Peatlands Precipitation Principal components analysis Satellite data Satellites Search engines Vegetation Visual system Zonation |
| title | Mapping the status of the North American beaver invasion in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-11T14%3A32%3A20IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mapping%20the%20status%20of%20the%20North%20American%20beaver%20invasion%20in%20the%20Tierra%20del%20Fuego%20archipelago&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Huertas%20Herrera,%20Alejandro&rft.date=2020-04-24&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=e0232057&rft.epage=e0232057&rft.pages=e0232057-e0232057&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0232057&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA621854890%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2394527695&rft_id=info:pmid/32330157&rft_galeid=A621854890&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_989619d52f654989b80cda3a38bd1bc8&rfr_iscdi=true |