Incidence and predictors of HIV related opportunistic infections after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy at Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: A retrospective single centered cohort study
Even though use of antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) they are continuing to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Studies concerning this problem are scarce in Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predi...
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| creator | Arefaine, Zekarias Gessesse Abebe, Sintayehu Bekele, Ephrem Adem, Amir Adama, Yohannes H Brockmeyer, Norbert Coenenberg, Judith Potthoff, Anja Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru |
| description | Even though use of antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) they are continuing to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Studies concerning this problem are scarce in Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of OIs after initiation of HAART in Ethiopia.
A health facility based single centered cohort study using structured data extraction sheet was conducted. The study population was all HIV positive ART naive adolescents and adults who started HAART between January 2009 and May 2012. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 317 patients from the record. Multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors for the occurrence of OIs after initiation of HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was 7.5 cases/100person years. Tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, pneumonia and toxoplasmosis were the leading OIs after HAART. A bed ridden functional status at initiation of HAART, presence of OIs before HAART, non-adherence and low hemoglobin level were predictors for the occurrence of OIs after HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was higher than in previous studies. Patients with the identified risk factors need strict follow up to reduce the morbidity and mortality attributed to OIs. Earlier initiation of HAART before advanced immune suppression, better management of TB and extended baseline assessment could help to reduce opportunistic infections and mortality after the initiation of HAART in Ethiopian patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0229757 |
| format | Article |
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A health facility based single centered cohort study using structured data extraction sheet was conducted. The study population was all HIV positive ART naive adolescents and adults who started HAART between January 2009 and May 2012. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 317 patients from the record. Multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors for the occurrence of OIs after initiation of HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was 7.5 cases/100person years. Tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, pneumonia and toxoplasmosis were the leading OIs after HAART. A bed ridden functional status at initiation of HAART, presence of OIs before HAART, non-adherence and low hemoglobin level were predictors for the occurrence of OIs after HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was higher than in previous studies. Patients with the identified risk factors need strict follow up to reduce the morbidity and mortality attributed to OIs. Earlier initiation of HAART before advanced immune suppression, better management of TB and extended baseline assessment could help to reduce opportunistic infections and mortality after the initiation of HAART in Ethiopian patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229757</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32310961</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Adolescents ; AIDS ; Anemia ; Antiretroviral agents ; Antiretroviral drugs ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Candidiasis ; Cohort analysis ; Data collection ; Dermatology ; Disease prevention ; Drug therapy ; Ethics ; Health care facilities ; Health sciences ; Hemoglobin ; Highly active antiretroviral therapy ; HIV ; Hospital facilities ; Hospitals ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Infections ; Internal medicine ; Medical diagnosis ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Population studies ; Public health ; Random sampling ; Regression models ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Sampling techniques ; Statistical sampling ; Toxoplasmosis ; Tuberculosis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-04, Vol.15 (4), p.e0229757-e0229757</ispartof><rights>2020 Arefaine et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Arefaine et al 2020 Arefaine et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-4af4135211b274b2ade222a0765b965d1347be60f4e9445f19afe1fed0a13f073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-4af4135211b274b2ade222a0765b965d1347be60f4e9445f19afe1fed0a13f073</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0371-2006</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7170502/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7170502/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32310961$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Arefaine, Zekarias Gessesse</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abebe, Sintayehu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bekele, Ephrem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adem, Amir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Adama, Yohannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>H Brockmeyer, Norbert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coenenberg, Judith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Potthoff, Anja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru</creatorcontrib><title>Incidence and predictors of HIV related opportunistic infections after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy at Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: A retrospective single centered cohort study</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Even though use of antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) they are continuing to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Studies concerning this problem are scarce in Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of OIs after initiation of HAART in Ethiopia.
A health facility based single centered cohort study using structured data extraction sheet was conducted. The study population was all HIV positive ART naive adolescents and adults who started HAART between January 2009 and May 2012. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 317 patients from the record. Multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors for the occurrence of OIs after initiation of HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was 7.5 cases/100person years. Tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, pneumonia and toxoplasmosis were the leading OIs after HAART. A bed ridden functional status at initiation of HAART, presence of OIs before HAART, non-adherence and low hemoglobin level were predictors for the occurrence of OIs after HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was higher than in previous studies. Patients with the identified risk factors need strict follow up to reduce the morbidity and mortality attributed to OIs. Earlier initiation of HAART before advanced immune suppression, better management of TB and extended baseline assessment could help to reduce opportunistic infections and mortality after the initiation of HAART in Ethiopian patients.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Antiretroviral agents</subject><subject>Antiretroviral drugs</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Candidiasis</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Dermatology</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Health care facilities</subject><subject>Health sciences</subject><subject>Hemoglobin</subject><subject>Highly active antiretroviral therapy</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>Hospital facilities</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Human 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Sintayehu</au><au>Bekele, Ephrem</au><au>Adem, Amir</au><au>Adama, Yohannes</au><au>H Brockmeyer, Norbert</au><au>Coenenberg, Judith</au><au>Potthoff, Anja</au><au>Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Incidence and predictors of HIV related opportunistic infections after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy at Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: A retrospective single centered cohort study</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-04-20</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0229757</spage><epage>e0229757</epage><pages>e0229757-e0229757</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Even though use of antiretroviral therapy (HAART) decreases the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) they are continuing to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Studies concerning this problem are scarce in Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and predictors of OIs after initiation of HAART in Ethiopia.
A health facility based single centered cohort study using structured data extraction sheet was conducted. The study population was all HIV positive ART naive adolescents and adults who started HAART between January 2009 and May 2012. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 317 patients from the record. Multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to determine factors for the occurrence of OIs after initiation of HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was 7.5 cases/100person years. Tuberculosis, oral candidiasis, pneumonia and toxoplasmosis were the leading OIs after HAART. A bed ridden functional status at initiation of HAART, presence of OIs before HAART, non-adherence and low hemoglobin level were predictors for the occurrence of OIs after HAART.
The incidence of OIs after HAART was higher than in previous studies. Patients with the identified risk factors need strict follow up to reduce the morbidity and mortality attributed to OIs. Earlier initiation of HAART before advanced immune suppression, better management of TB and extended baseline assessment could help to reduce opportunistic infections and mortality after the initiation of HAART in Ethiopian patients.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32310961</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0229757</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0371-2006</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adolescents AIDS Anemia Antiretroviral agents Antiretroviral drugs Biology and Life Sciences Candidiasis Cohort analysis Data collection Dermatology Disease prevention Drug therapy Ethics Health care facilities Health sciences Hemoglobin Highly active antiretroviral therapy HIV Hospital facilities Hospitals Human immunodeficiency virus Infections Internal medicine Medical diagnosis Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Morbidity Mortality Population studies Public health Random sampling Regression models Risk analysis Risk factors Sampling techniques Statistical sampling Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis |
| title | Incidence and predictors of HIV related opportunistic infections after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy at Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: A retrospective single centered cohort study |
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