Girls in the boat: Sex differences in rowing performance and participation
Men outperform women in many athletic endeavors due to physiological and anatomical differences (e.g. larger and faster muscle); however, the observed sex differences in elite athletic performance are typically larger than expected, and may reflect sex-related differences in opportunity or incentive...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2018-01, Vol.13 (1), p.e0191504-e0191504 |
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| creator | Keenan, Kevin G Senefeld, Jonathon W Hunter, Sandra K |
| description | Men outperform women in many athletic endeavors due to physiological and anatomical differences (e.g. larger and faster muscle); however, the observed sex differences in elite athletic performance are typically larger than expected, and may reflect sex-related differences in opportunity or incentives. As collegiate rowing in the United States has been largely incentivized for women over the last 20 years, but not men, the purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in elite rowing performance over that timeframe. Finishing times from grand finale races for collegiate championship on-water performances (n = 480) and junior indoor performances (n = 1,280) were compared between men and women across 20 years (1997-2016), weight classes (heavy vs. lightweight) and finishing place. Participation of the numbers of men and women rowers were also quantified across years. Men were faster than women across all finishing places, weight classes and years of competition and performance declined across finishing place for both men and women (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0191504 |
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As collegiate rowing in the United States has been largely incentivized for women over the last 20 years, but not men, the purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in elite rowing performance over that timeframe. Finishing times from grand finale races for collegiate championship on-water performances (n = 480) and junior indoor performances (n = 1,280) were compared between men and women across 20 years (1997-2016), weight classes (heavy vs. lightweight) and finishing place. Participation of the numbers of men and women rowers were also quantified across years. Men were faster than women across all finishing places, weight classes and years of competition and performance declined across finishing place for both men and women (P<0.001). Interestingly, the reduction in performance time across finishing place was greater (P<0.001) for collegiate men compared to women in the heavyweight division. This result is opposite to other sports (e.g. running and swimming), and to lightweight rowing in this study, which provides women fewer incentives than in heavyweight rowing. Correspondingly, participation in collegiate rowing has increased by ~113 women per year (P<0.001), with no change (P = 0.899) for collegiate men. These results indicate that increased participation and incentives within collegiate rowing for women vs. men contribute to sex differences in athletic performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191504</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29352279</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biology and Life Sciences ; Boats ; Engineering and Technology ; Finishing ; Gender aspects ; Gender differences ; Health aspects ; Hypotheses ; Incentives ; Lightweight ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Men ; Muscles ; Participation ; Physical Sciences ; Physical therapy ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rowers ; Rowing ; Sex ; Sex differences ; Sex differences (Biology) ; Social Sciences ; Student athletes ; Swimming ; Team sports ; Weight reduction ; Women</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-01, Vol.13 (1), p.e0191504-e0191504</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Keenan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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opportunity or incentives. As collegiate rowing in the United States has been largely incentivized for women over the last 20 years, but not men, the purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in elite rowing performance over that timeframe. Finishing times from grand finale races for collegiate championship on-water performances (n = 480) and junior indoor performances (n = 1,280) were compared between men and women across 20 years (1997-2016), weight classes (heavy vs. lightweight) and finishing place. Participation of the numbers of men and women rowers were also quantified across years. Men were faster than women across all finishing places, weight classes and years of competition and performance declined across finishing place for both men and women (P<0.001). Interestingly, the reduction in performance time across finishing place was greater (P<0.001) for collegiate men compared to women in the heavyweight division. This result is opposite to other sports (e.g. running and swimming), and to lightweight rowing in this study, which provides women fewer incentives than in heavyweight rowing. Correspondingly, participation in collegiate rowing has increased by ~113 women per year (P<0.001), with no change (P = 0.899) for collegiate men. These results indicate that increased participation and incentives within collegiate rowing for women vs. men contribute to sex differences in athletic performance.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29352279</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0191504</doi><tpages>e0191504</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-6430</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biology and Life Sciences Boats Engineering and Technology Finishing Gender aspects Gender differences Health aspects Hypotheses Incentives Lightweight Medicine and Health Sciences Men Muscles Participation Physical Sciences Physical therapy Physiological aspects Physiology Research and Analysis Methods Rowers Rowing Sex Sex differences Sex differences (Biology) Social Sciences Student athletes Swimming Team sports Weight reduction Women |
| title | Girls in the boat: Sex differences in rowing performance and participation |
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