Functional and numerical responses of shrews to competition vary with mouse density
For decades, ecologists have debated the importance of biotic interactions (e.g., competition) and abiotic factors in regulating populations. Competition can influence patterns of distribution, abundance, and resource use in many systems but remains difficult to measure. We quantified competition be...
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description | For decades, ecologists have debated the importance of biotic interactions (e.g., competition) and abiotic factors in regulating populations. Competition can influence patterns of distribution, abundance, and resource use in many systems but remains difficult to measure. We quantified competition between two sympatric small mammals, Keen's mice (Peromyscus keeni) and dusky shrews (Sorex monticolus), in four habitat types on Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska. We related shrew density to that of mice using standardized regression models while accounting for habitat variables in each year from 2010-2012, during which mice populations peaked (2011) and then crashed (2012). Additionally, we measured dietary overlap and segregation using stable isotope analysis and kernel utilization densities and estimated the change in whole community energy consumption among years. We observed an increase in densities of dusky shrews after mice populations crashed in 2012 as expected under competitive release. In addition, competition coefficients revealed that the influence of Keen's mice was dependent on their density. Also in 2012, shrew diets shifted, indicating that they were able to exploit resources previously used by mice. Nonetheless, increases in shrew numbers only partially compensated for the community energy consumption because, as insectivores, they are unlikely to utilize all food types consumed by their competitors. In pre-commercially thinned stands, which exhibit higher diversity of resources compared to other habitat types, shrew populations were less affected by changes in mice densities. These spatially and temporally variable interactions between unlikely competitors, observed in a relatively simple, high-latitude island ecosystem, highlight the difficulty in assessing the role of biotic factors in structuring communities. |
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Competition can influence patterns of distribution, abundance, and resource use in many systems but remains difficult to measure. We quantified competition between two sympatric small mammals, Keen's mice (Peromyscus keeni) and dusky shrews (Sorex monticolus), in four habitat types on Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska. We related shrew density to that of mice using standardized regression models while accounting for habitat variables in each year from 2010-2012, during which mice populations peaked (2011) and then crashed (2012). Additionally, we measured dietary overlap and segregation using stable isotope analysis and kernel utilization densities and estimated the change in whole community energy consumption among years. We observed an increase in densities of dusky shrews after mice populations crashed in 2012 as expected under competitive release. In addition, competition coefficients revealed that the influence of Keen's mice was dependent on their density. Also in 2012, shrew diets shifted, indicating that they were able to exploit resources previously used by mice. Nonetheless, increases in shrew numbers only partially compensated for the community energy consumption because, as insectivores, they are unlikely to utilize all food types consumed by their competitors. In pre-commercially thinned stands, which exhibit higher diversity of resources compared to other habitat types, shrew populations were less affected by changes in mice densities. These spatially and temporally variable interactions between unlikely competitors, observed in a relatively simple, high-latitude island ecosystem, highlight the difficulty in assessing the role of biotic factors in structuring communities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189471</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29298313</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abiotic factors ; Analysis ; Animal behavior ; Animal models ; Animals ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biotic factors ; Competition ; Density ; Diet ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem components ; Ecosystems ; Energy consumption ; Environmental changes ; Foraging behavior ; Habitats ; Insectivores ; Islands ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mice ; People and places ; Peromyscus - physiology ; Populations ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Shrews - physiology ; Small mammals ; Soricidae ; Stable isotopes ; Studies ; Sympatric populations</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-01, Vol.13 (1), p.e0189471-e0189471</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Eckrich et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 Eckrich et al 2018 Eckrich et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ddfabfd2b692e4bf6dba4a804227ca8d46d148d293f3e6f6d669ba9ba5789ff23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ddfabfd2b692e4bf6dba4a804227ca8d46d148d293f3e6f6d669ba9ba5789ff23</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6159-9489</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5752000/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5752000/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29298313$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Reed, Aaron W.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Eckrich, Carolyn A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flaherty, Elizabeth A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ben-David, Merav</creatorcontrib><title>Functional and numerical responses of shrews to competition vary with mouse density</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>For decades, ecologists have debated the importance of biotic interactions (e.g., competition) and abiotic factors in regulating populations. Competition can influence patterns of distribution, abundance, and resource use in many systems but remains difficult to measure. We quantified competition between two sympatric small mammals, Keen's mice (Peromyscus keeni) and dusky shrews (Sorex monticolus), in four habitat types on Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska. We related shrew density to that of mice using standardized regression models while accounting for habitat variables in each year from 2010-2012, during which mice populations peaked (2011) and then crashed (2012). Additionally, we measured dietary overlap and segregation using stable isotope analysis and kernel utilization densities and estimated the change in whole community energy consumption among years. We observed an increase in densities of dusky shrews after mice populations crashed in 2012 as expected under competitive release. In addition, competition coefficients revealed that the influence of Keen's mice was dependent on their density. Also in 2012, shrew diets shifted, indicating that they were able to exploit resources previously used by mice. Nonetheless, increases in shrew numbers only partially compensated for the community energy consumption because, as insectivores, they are unlikely to utilize all food types consumed by their competitors. In pre-commercially thinned stands, which exhibit higher diversity of resources compared to other habitat types, shrew populations were less affected by changes in mice densities. These spatially and temporally variable interactions between unlikely competitors, observed in a relatively simple, high-latitude island ecosystem, highlight the difficulty in assessing the role of biotic factors in structuring communities.</description><subject>Abiotic factors</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotic factors</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystem components</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Foraging behavior</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Insectivores</subject><subject>Islands</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>People and places</subject><subject>Peromyscus - physiology</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Shrews - physiology</subject><subject>Small mammals</subject><subject>Soricidae</subject><subject>Stable isotopes</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sympatric populations</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt1r1TAYxosobk7_A9GCIHpxjvlqmtwIYzg9MBg49Tak-Tgnh7Y5S9LN_femnm6cyi6khTbJ73nevm-fongNwRLiGn7a-iH0sl3ufG-WADJOavikOIYcowVFAD89eD8qXsS4BaDCjNLnxRHiiDMM8XFxdT70KjmfnUrZ67IfOhOcyqtgYraOJpbelnETzG0sky-V73YmuVFS3shwV966tCk7P0RTatNHl-5eFs-sbKN5NT1Pip_nX36cfVtcXH5dnZ1eLBTlKC20trKxGjV5ZUhjqW4kkQwQhGolmSZUQ8I04thiQ_MxpbyR-a5qxq1F-KR4u_fdtT6KaR5RIMwBhZQikonVntBebsUuuC5_sfDSib8bPqyFDMmp1ohaNUrlWhgxSjBAkkCIlZENI5ZbXmWvz1O1oemMVqZPQbYz0_lJ7zZi7W9EVVcIAJANPkwGwV8PJibRuahM28re5PEJyBnJKIJjZ-_-QR_vbqLWMjfgeutzXTWaitNqtKkApplaPkLlS5vOqRwe6_L-TPBxJshMMr_TWg4xitXV9_9nL3_N2fcH7MbINm2ib4cxSnEOkj2ogo8xGPswZAjEmP37aYgx-2LKfpa9OfxBD6L7sOM_eBX_pg</recordid><startdate>20180103</startdate><enddate>20180103</enddate><creator>Eckrich, Carolyn A</creator><creator>Flaherty, Elizabeth A</creator><creator>Ben-David, Merav</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-9489</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180103</creationdate><title>Functional and numerical responses of shrews to competition vary with mouse density</title><author>Eckrich, Carolyn A ; Flaherty, Elizabeth A ; Ben-David, Merav</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ddfabfd2b692e4bf6dba4a804227ca8d46d148d293f3e6f6d669ba9ba5789ff23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Abiotic factors</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animal models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotic factors</topic><topic>Competition</topic><topic>Density</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</topic><topic>Ecosystem</topic><topic>Ecosystem components</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Environmental changes</topic><topic>Foraging behavior</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>Insectivores</topic><topic>Islands</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>People and places</topic><topic>Peromyscus - physiology</topic><topic>Populations</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Regression models</topic><topic>Shrews - physiology</topic><topic>Small mammals</topic><topic>Soricidae</topic><topic>Stable isotopes</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Sympatric populations</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Eckrich, Carolyn A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flaherty, Elizabeth A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ben-David, Merav</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale in Context : Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Eckrich, Carolyn A</au><au>Flaherty, Elizabeth A</au><au>Ben-David, Merav</au><au>Reed, Aaron W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Functional and numerical responses of shrews to competition vary with mouse density</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-01-03</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0189471</spage><epage>e0189471</epage><pages>e0189471-e0189471</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>For decades, ecologists have debated the importance of biotic interactions (e.g., competition) and abiotic factors in regulating populations. Competition can influence patterns of distribution, abundance, and resource use in many systems but remains difficult to measure. We quantified competition between two sympatric small mammals, Keen's mice (Peromyscus keeni) and dusky shrews (Sorex monticolus), in four habitat types on Prince of Wales Island in Southeast Alaska. We related shrew density to that of mice using standardized regression models while accounting for habitat variables in each year from 2010-2012, during which mice populations peaked (2011) and then crashed (2012). Additionally, we measured dietary overlap and segregation using stable isotope analysis and kernel utilization densities and estimated the change in whole community energy consumption among years. We observed an increase in densities of dusky shrews after mice populations crashed in 2012 as expected under competitive release. In addition, competition coefficients revealed that the influence of Keen's mice was dependent on their density. Also in 2012, shrew diets shifted, indicating that they were able to exploit resources previously used by mice. Nonetheless, increases in shrew numbers only partially compensated for the community energy consumption because, as insectivores, they are unlikely to utilize all food types consumed by their competitors. In pre-commercially thinned stands, which exhibit higher diversity of resources compared to other habitat types, shrew populations were less affected by changes in mice densities. These spatially and temporally variable interactions between unlikely competitors, observed in a relatively simple, high-latitude island ecosystem, highlight the difficulty in assessing the role of biotic factors in structuring communities.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29298313</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0189471</doi><tpages>e0189471</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-9489</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Abiotic factors Analysis Animal behavior Animal models Animals Biology and Life Sciences Biotic factors Competition Density Diet Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Ecosystem components Ecosystems Energy consumption Environmental changes Foraging behavior Habitats Insectivores Islands Medicine and Health Sciences Mice People and places Peromyscus - physiology Populations Regression analysis Regression models Shrews - physiology Small mammals Soricidae Stable isotopes Studies Sympatric populations |
title | Functional and numerical responses of shrews to competition vary with mouse density |
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