Effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on opium poppy downy mildews caused by Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi
Downy mildew of opium poppy is the single biggest disease constraint afflicting the Australian poppy industry. Within the pathosystem, the transmission of infections via infested seed is of major concern. Both downy mildew pathogens of poppy; Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, are known cont...
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| description | Downy mildew of opium poppy is the single biggest disease constraint afflicting the Australian poppy industry. Within the pathosystem, the transmission of infections via infested seed is of major concern. Both downy mildew pathogens of poppy; Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, are known contaminants of commercial seed stocks. Using seed naturally infested with these pathogens, the effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on seedling health and disease transmission were evaluated. Individual seed treatments were tested to determine optimal treatment parameters for each; including incubation time, temperature and treatment concentration. Optimised physiochemical treatments were then compared. The most effective treatment methods were seed washes in acidified electrolytic water (400 ppm hypochlorous acid for 5 min) and hypochlorite solution (2% NaOCI for 5 min). In seed to seedling transmission assays, these two treatments reduced transmission of P. somniferi by 88.8% and 74.61%, and P. meconopsidis by 93.3% and 100%, respectively. These methods are recommended for seed treatment of commercial opium poppy seed to assist in the control of the downy mildew diseases. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0230801 |
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Within the pathosystem, the transmission of infections via infested seed is of major concern. Both downy mildew pathogens of poppy; Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, are known contaminants of commercial seed stocks. Using seed naturally infested with these pathogens, the effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on seedling health and disease transmission were evaluated. Individual seed treatments were tested to determine optimal treatment parameters for each; including incubation time, temperature and treatment concentration. Optimised physiochemical treatments were then compared. The most effective treatment methods were seed washes in acidified electrolytic water (400 ppm hypochlorous acid for 5 min) and hypochlorite solution (2% NaOCI for 5 min). In seed to seedling transmission assays, these two treatments reduced transmission of P. somniferi by 88.8% and 74.61%, and P. meconopsidis by 93.3% and 100%, respectively. 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Within the pathosystem, the transmission of infections via infested seed is of major concern. Both downy mildew pathogens of poppy; Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, are known contaminants of commercial seed stocks. Using seed naturally infested with these pathogens, the effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on seedling health and disease transmission were evaluated. Individual seed treatments were tested to determine optimal treatment parameters for each; including incubation time, temperature and treatment concentration. Optimised physiochemical treatments were then compared. The most effective treatment methods were seed washes in acidified electrolytic water (400 ppm hypochlorous acid for 5 min) and hypochlorite solution (2% NaOCI for 5 min). In seed to seedling transmission assays, these two treatments reduced transmission of P. somniferi by 88.8% and 74.61%, and P. meconopsidis by 93.3% and 100%, respectively. These methods are recommended for seed treatment of commercial opium poppy seed to assist in the control of the downy mildew diseases.</description><subject>Acidification</subject><subject>Airborne microorganisms</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Downy mildew</subject><subject>Electrolytes - pharmacology</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fungicides</subject><subject>Health services</subject><subject>Hypochlorous acid</subject><subject>Hypochlorous Acid - pharmacology</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>Papaver</subject><subject>Papaver - microbiology</subject><subject>Papaver somniferum</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Peronospora - drug effects</subject><subject>Peronospora - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Peronospora meconopsidis</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiochemistry</subject><subject>Plant diseases</subject><subject>Plant Diseases - 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Within the pathosystem, the transmission of infections via infested seed is of major concern. Both downy mildew pathogens of poppy; Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi, are known contaminants of commercial seed stocks. Using seed naturally infested with these pathogens, the effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on seedling health and disease transmission were evaluated. Individual seed treatments were tested to determine optimal treatment parameters for each; including incubation time, temperature and treatment concentration. Optimised physiochemical treatments were then compared. The most effective treatment methods were seed washes in acidified electrolytic water (400 ppm hypochlorous acid for 5 min) and hypochlorite solution (2% NaOCI for 5 min). In seed to seedling transmission assays, these two treatments reduced transmission of P. somniferi by 88.8% and 74.61%, and P. meconopsidis by 93.3% and 100%, respectively. These methods are recommended for seed treatment of commercial opium poppy seed to assist in the control of the downy mildew diseases.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32275719</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0230801</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8800-0990</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5434-3816</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9443-4384</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Open Access: PubMed Central; MEDLINE; Public Library of Science; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; EZB Electronic Journals Library |
| subjects | Acidification Airborne microorganisms Australia Biology and Life Sciences Chlorine Contaminants Disease transmission Downy mildew Electrolytes - pharmacology Experiments Fungicides Health services Hypochlorous acid Hypochlorous Acid - pharmacology Infections Laboratories Medical treatment Narcotics Papaver Papaver - microbiology Papaver somniferum Pathogens Peronospora - drug effects Peronospora - pathogenicity Peronospora meconopsidis Pesticides Phylogeny Physical Sciences Physiochemistry Plant diseases Plant Diseases - microbiology Plant Diseases - prevention & control Research and Analysis Methods Seed treatments Seedlings Seedlings - drug effects Seedlings - microbiology Seeds Seeds - drug effects Seeds - microbiology Water treatment |
| title | Effect of physio-chemical seed treatments on opium poppy downy mildews caused by Peronospora meconopsidis and P. somniferi |
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