The ESAS-score: A histological severity grading system of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the modified double hemorrhage model in rats
The amount of extravasated blood is an established surrogate marker for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) severity, which varies in different experimental SAH (eSAH) models. A comprehensive eSAH grading system would allow a more reliable correlation of outcome parameters with SAH severity. The aim of th...
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| creator | Mielke, Dorothee Bleuel, Kim Stadelmann, Christine Rohde, Veit Malinova, Vesna |
| description | The amount of extravasated blood is an established surrogate marker for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) severity, which varies in different experimental SAH (eSAH) models. A comprehensive eSAH grading system would allow a more reliable correlation of outcome parameters with SAH severity. The aim of this study was to define a severity score for eSAH related to the Fisher-Score in humans.
SAH was induced in 135 male rats using the modified double hemorrhage model. A sham group included 8 rats, in which saline solution instead of blood was injected. Histological analysis with HE(hematoxylin-eosin)-staining for the visualization of blood was performed in all rats on day 5. The amount and distribution of blood within the subarachnoid space and ventricles (IVH) was analyzed.
The mortality rate was 49.6% (71/143). In all except five SAH rats, blood was visible within the subarachnoid space. As expected, no blood was detected in the sham group. The following eSAH severity score was established (ESAS-score): grade I: no SAH visible; grade II: local or diffuse thin SAH, no IVH; grade III: diffuse / thick layers of blood, no IVH; grade IV: additional IVH. Grade I was seen in five rats (7.9%), grade II in 28.6% (18/63), grade III in 41.3% (26/63) and grade IV in 22.2% (14/63) of the rats with eSAH.
The double hemorrhage model allows the induction of a high grade SAH in more than 60% of the rats, making it suitable for the evaluation of outcome parameters in severe SAH. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0227349 |
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SAH was induced in 135 male rats using the modified double hemorrhage model. A sham group included 8 rats, in which saline solution instead of blood was injected. Histological analysis with HE(hematoxylin-eosin)-staining for the visualization of blood was performed in all rats on day 5. The amount and distribution of blood within the subarachnoid space and ventricles (IVH) was analyzed.
The mortality rate was 49.6% (71/143). In all except five SAH rats, blood was visible within the subarachnoid space. As expected, no blood was detected in the sham group. The following eSAH severity score was established (ESAS-score): grade I: no SAH visible; grade II: local or diffuse thin SAH, no IVH; grade III: diffuse / thick layers of blood, no IVH; grade IV: additional IVH. Grade I was seen in five rats (7.9%), grade II in 28.6% (18/63), grade III in 41.3% (26/63) and grade IV in 22.2% (14/63) of the rats with eSAH.
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SAH was induced in 135 male rats using the modified double hemorrhage model. A sham group included 8 rats, in which saline solution instead of blood was injected. Histological analysis with HE(hematoxylin-eosin)-staining for the visualization of blood was performed in all rats on day 5. The amount and distribution of blood within the subarachnoid space and ventricles (IVH) was analyzed.
The mortality rate was 49.6% (71/143). In all except five SAH rats, blood was visible within the subarachnoid space. As expected, no blood was detected in the sham group. The following eSAH severity score was established (ESAS-score): grade I: no SAH visible; grade II: local or diffuse thin SAH, no IVH; grade III: diffuse / thick layers of blood, no IVH; grade IV: additional IVH. Grade I was seen in five rats (7.9%), grade II in 28.6% (18/63), grade III in 41.3% (26/63) and grade IV in 22.2% (14/63) of the rats with eSAH.
The double hemorrhage model allows the induction of a high grade SAH in more than 60% of the rats, making it suitable for the evaluation of outcome parameters in severe SAH.</description><subject>Anesthesia</subject><subject>Aneurysms</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Cell growth</subject><subject>Cerebral Ventricles - pathology</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Hemorrhage</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Neuropathology</subject><subject>Neurosurgery</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Quality</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Saline solutions</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>Subarachnoid hemorrhage</subject><subject>Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mielke, Dorothee</au><au>Bleuel, Kim</au><au>Stadelmann, Christine</au><au>Rohde, Veit</au><au>Malinova, Vesna</au><au>Psychogios, Marios-Nikos</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The ESAS-score: A histological severity grading system of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the modified double hemorrhage model in rats</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-02-25</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0227349</spage><epage>e0227349</epage><pages>e0227349-e0227349</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The amount of extravasated blood is an established surrogate marker for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) severity, which varies in different experimental SAH (eSAH) models. A comprehensive eSAH grading system would allow a more reliable correlation of outcome parameters with SAH severity. The aim of this study was to define a severity score for eSAH related to the Fisher-Score in humans.
SAH was induced in 135 male rats using the modified double hemorrhage model. A sham group included 8 rats, in which saline solution instead of blood was injected. Histological analysis with HE(hematoxylin-eosin)-staining for the visualization of blood was performed in all rats on day 5. The amount and distribution of blood within the subarachnoid space and ventricles (IVH) was analyzed.
The mortality rate was 49.6% (71/143). In all except five SAH rats, blood was visible within the subarachnoid space. As expected, no blood was detected in the sham group. The following eSAH severity score was established (ESAS-score): grade I: no SAH visible; grade II: local or diffuse thin SAH, no IVH; grade III: diffuse / thick layers of blood, no IVH; grade IV: additional IVH. Grade I was seen in five rats (7.9%), grade II in 28.6% (18/63), grade III in 41.3% (26/63) and grade IV in 22.2% (14/63) of the rats with eSAH.
The double hemorrhage model allows the induction of a high grade SAH in more than 60% of the rats, making it suitable for the evaluation of outcome parameters in severe SAH.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32097426</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0227349</doi><tpages>e0227349</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-7490</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anesthesia Aneurysms Animals Biology and Life Sciences Blood Cell growth Cerebral Ventricles - pathology Disease Models, Animal Experiments Hemorrhage Laboratory animals Magnetic resonance imaging Male Mathematical models Medicine and Health Sciences Mortality Neuropathology Neurosurgery Parameters Quality Rats, Sprague-Dawley Research and Analysis Methods Saline solutions Statistical analysis Stroke Subarachnoid hemorrhage Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - blood Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - pathology Subarachnoid space Subarachnoid Space - pathology |
| title | The ESAS-score: A histological severity grading system of subarachnoid hemorrhage using the modified double hemorrhage model in rats |
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