Comparative effects of two heat acclimation protocols consisting of high-intensity interval training in the heat on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats
Acclimation resulting from low- to moderate-intensity physical exertion in the heat induces several thermoregulatory adaptations, including slower exercise-induced increases in core body temperature. However, few studies have investigated the thermoregulatory adaptations induced by high-intensity in...
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| creator | Bittencourt, Myla Aguiar Wanner, Samuel Penna Kunstetter, Ana Cançado Barbosa, Nicolas Henrique Santos Walker, Paula Carolina Leite Andrade, Pedro Victor Ribeiro Turnes, Tiago Guglielmo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci |
| description | Acclimation resulting from low- to moderate-intensity physical exertion in the heat induces several thermoregulatory adaptations, including slower exercise-induced increases in core body temperature. However, few studies have investigated the thermoregulatory adaptations induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the adaptations in rats' thermoregulatory parameters and aerobic performance observed after two different heat acclimation regimens consisting of HIIT protocols performed in a hot environment. Twenty-three adult male Wistar rats were initially subjected to an incremental-speed exercise at 32°C until they were fatigued and then randomly assigned to one of the following three heat acclimation strategies: passive heat exposure without any exercise (untrained controls-UN; n = 7), HIIT performed at the maximal aerobic speed (HIIT100%; n = 8) and HIIT performed at a high but submaximal speed (HIIT85%; n = 8). Following the two weeks of interventions, the rats were again subjected to a fatiguing incremental exercise at 32°C, while their colonic temperature (TCOL) was recorded. The workload performed by the rats and their thermoregulatory efficiency were calculated. After the intervention period, rats subjected to both HIIT protocols attained greater workloads (HIIT100%: 313.7 ± 21.9 J vs. HIIT85%: 318.1 ± 32.6 J vs. UN: 250.8 ± 32.4 J; p < 0.01) and presented a lower ratio between the change in TCOL and the distance travelled (HIIT100%: 4.95 ± 0.42°C/km vs. HIIT85%: 4.33 ± 0.59°C/km vs. UN: 6.14 ± 1.03°C/km; p < 0.001) when compared to UN rats. The latter finding indicates better thermoregulatory efficiency in trained animals. No differences were observed between rats subjected to the two HIIT regimens. In conclusion, the two HIIT protocols induce greater thermoregulatory adaptations and performance improvements than passive heat exposure. These adaptations do not differ between the two training protocols investigated in the present study. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0229335 |
| format | Article |
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However, few studies have investigated the thermoregulatory adaptations induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the adaptations in rats' thermoregulatory parameters and aerobic performance observed after two different heat acclimation regimens consisting of HIIT protocols performed in a hot environment. Twenty-three adult male Wistar rats were initially subjected to an incremental-speed exercise at 32°C until they were fatigued and then randomly assigned to one of the following three heat acclimation strategies: passive heat exposure without any exercise (untrained controls-UN; n = 7), HIIT performed at the maximal aerobic speed (HIIT100%; n = 8) and HIIT performed at a high but submaximal speed (HIIT85%; n = 8). Following the two weeks of interventions, the rats were again subjected to a fatiguing incremental exercise at 32°C, while their colonic temperature (TCOL) was recorded. The workload performed by the rats and their thermoregulatory efficiency were calculated. After the intervention period, rats subjected to both HIIT protocols attained greater workloads (HIIT100%: 313.7 ± 21.9 J vs. HIIT85%: 318.1 ± 32.6 J vs. UN: 250.8 ± 32.4 J; p < 0.01) and presented a lower ratio between the change in TCOL and the distance travelled (HIIT100%: 4.95 ± 0.42°C/km vs. HIIT85%: 4.33 ± 0.59°C/km vs. UN: 6.14 ± 1.03°C/km; p < 0.001) when compared to UN rats. The latter finding indicates better thermoregulatory efficiency in trained animals. No differences were observed between rats subjected to the two HIIT regimens. In conclusion, the two HIIT protocols induce greater thermoregulatory adaptations and performance improvements than passive heat exposure. These adaptations do not differ between the two training protocols investigated in the present study.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229335</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32084208</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acclimation ; Acclimatization ; Acclimatization (Biology) ; Adaptation ; Adaptation, Physiological - physiology ; Aerobic exercises ; Animals ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body temperature ; Body temperature regulation ; Body Temperature Regulation - physiology ; Exercise physiology ; Exposure ; Fitness equipment ; Health aspects ; Heat ; High intensity interval training ; High-Intensity Interval Training - methods ; Hot Temperature ; Human performance ; Hyperthermia ; Hypotheses ; Interval training ; Laboratory animals ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology ; Physical education ; Physical Exertion - physiology ; Physical fitness ; Physical Sciences ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Running ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Training ; Workload</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-02, Vol.15 (2), p.e0229335-e0229335</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Bittencourt et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Bittencourt et al 2020 Bittencourt et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-af9489eb4b424c90473f89a73869caa1cfd965a0c41659a0cbc045c8cc0ca3fc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-af9489eb4b424c90473f89a73869caa1cfd965a0c41659a0cbc045c8cc0ca3fc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4659-1032</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7034902/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7034902/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,862,883,2098,2917,23853,27911,27912,53778,53780,79355,79356</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32084208$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Cooke, Matthew</contributor><creatorcontrib>Bittencourt, Myla Aguiar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wanner, Samuel Penna</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kunstetter, Ana Cançado</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barbosa, Nicolas Henrique Santos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walker, Paula Carolina Leite</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrade, Pedro Victor Ribeiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turnes, Tiago</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guglielmo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative effects of two heat acclimation protocols consisting of high-intensity interval training in the heat on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Acclimation resulting from low- to moderate-intensity physical exertion in the heat induces several thermoregulatory adaptations, including slower exercise-induced increases in core body temperature. However, few studies have investigated the thermoregulatory adaptations induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the adaptations in rats' thermoregulatory parameters and aerobic performance observed after two different heat acclimation regimens consisting of HIIT protocols performed in a hot environment. Twenty-three adult male Wistar rats were initially subjected to an incremental-speed exercise at 32°C until they were fatigued and then randomly assigned to one of the following three heat acclimation strategies: passive heat exposure without any exercise (untrained controls-UN; n = 7), HIIT performed at the maximal aerobic speed (HIIT100%; n = 8) and HIIT performed at a high but submaximal speed (HIIT85%; n = 8). Following the two weeks of interventions, the rats were again subjected to a fatiguing incremental exercise at 32°C, while their colonic temperature (TCOL) was recorded. The workload performed by the rats and their thermoregulatory efficiency were calculated. After the intervention period, rats subjected to both HIIT protocols attained greater workloads (HIIT100%: 313.7 ± 21.9 J vs. HIIT85%: 318.1 ± 32.6 J vs. UN: 250.8 ± 32.4 J; p < 0.01) and presented a lower ratio between the change in TCOL and the distance travelled (HIIT100%: 4.95 ± 0.42°C/km vs. HIIT85%: 4.33 ± 0.59°C/km vs. UN: 6.14 ± 1.03°C/km; p < 0.001) when compared to UN rats. The latter finding indicates better thermoregulatory efficiency in trained animals. No differences were observed between rats subjected to the two HIIT regimens. In conclusion, the two HIIT protocols induce greater thermoregulatory adaptations and performance improvements than passive heat exposure. These adaptations do not differ between the two training protocols investigated in the present study.</description><subject>Acclimation</subject><subject>Acclimatization</subject><subject>Acclimatization (Biology)</subject><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Adaptation, Physiological - physiology</subject><subject>Aerobic exercises</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body temperature</subject><subject>Body temperature regulation</subject><subject>Body Temperature Regulation - physiology</subject><subject>Exercise physiology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Fitness equipment</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>High intensity interval training</subject><subject>High-Intensity Interval Training - methods</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Human performance</subject><subject>Hyperthermia</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Interval training</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Physical Conditioning, Animal - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bittencourt, Myla Aguiar</au><au>Wanner, Samuel Penna</au><au>Kunstetter, Ana Cançado</au><au>Barbosa, Nicolas Henrique Santos</au><au>Walker, Paula Carolina Leite</au><au>Andrade, Pedro Victor Ribeiro</au><au>Turnes, Tiago</au><au>Guglielmo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci</au><au>Cooke, Matthew</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative effects of two heat acclimation protocols consisting of high-intensity interval training in the heat on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-02-21</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>e0229335</spage><epage>e0229335</epage><pages>e0229335-e0229335</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Acclimation resulting from low- to moderate-intensity physical exertion in the heat induces several thermoregulatory adaptations, including slower exercise-induced increases in core body temperature. However, few studies have investigated the thermoregulatory adaptations induced by high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the adaptations in rats' thermoregulatory parameters and aerobic performance observed after two different heat acclimation regimens consisting of HIIT protocols performed in a hot environment. Twenty-three adult male Wistar rats were initially subjected to an incremental-speed exercise at 32°C until they were fatigued and then randomly assigned to one of the following three heat acclimation strategies: passive heat exposure without any exercise (untrained controls-UN; n = 7), HIIT performed at the maximal aerobic speed (HIIT100%; n = 8) and HIIT performed at a high but submaximal speed (HIIT85%; n = 8). Following the two weeks of interventions, the rats were again subjected to a fatiguing incremental exercise at 32°C, while their colonic temperature (TCOL) was recorded. The workload performed by the rats and their thermoregulatory efficiency were calculated. After the intervention period, rats subjected to both HIIT protocols attained greater workloads (HIIT100%: 313.7 ± 21.9 J vs. HIIT85%: 318.1 ± 32.6 J vs. UN: 250.8 ± 32.4 J; p < 0.01) and presented a lower ratio between the change in TCOL and the distance travelled (HIIT100%: 4.95 ± 0.42°C/km vs. HIIT85%: 4.33 ± 0.59°C/km vs. UN: 6.14 ± 1.03°C/km; p < 0.001) when compared to UN rats. The latter finding indicates better thermoregulatory efficiency in trained animals. No differences were observed between rats subjected to the two HIIT regimens. In conclusion, the two HIIT protocols induce greater thermoregulatory adaptations and performance improvements than passive heat exposure. These adaptations do not differ between the two training protocols investigated in the present study.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>32084208</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0229335</doi><tpages>e0229335</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-1032</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-02, Vol.15 (2), p.e0229335-e0229335 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2360073293 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acclimation Acclimatization Acclimatization (Biology) Adaptation Adaptation, Physiological - physiology Aerobic exercises Animals Biology and Life Sciences Body temperature Body temperature regulation Body Temperature Regulation - physiology Exercise physiology Exposure Fitness equipment Health aspects Heat High intensity interval training High-Intensity Interval Training - methods Hot Temperature Human performance Hyperthermia Hypotheses Interval training Laboratory animals Male Medicine and Health Sciences Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology Physical education Physical Exertion - physiology Physical fitness Physical Sciences Rats Rats, Wistar Research and Analysis Methods Running Temperature Time Factors Training Workload |
| title | Comparative effects of two heat acclimation protocols consisting of high-intensity interval training in the heat on aerobic performance and thermoregulatory responses in exercising rats |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-15T22%3A34%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comparative%20effects%20of%20two%20heat%20acclimation%20protocols%20consisting%20of%20high-intensity%20interval%20training%20in%20the%20heat%20on%20aerobic%20performance%20and%20thermoregulatory%20responses%20in%20exercising%20rats&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Bittencourt,%20Myla%20Aguiar&rft.date=2020-02-21&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e0229335&rft.epage=e0229335&rft.pages=e0229335-e0229335&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0229335&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA614629698%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2360073293&rft_id=info:pmid/32084208&rft_galeid=A614629698&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_18013308c05c4cd494b287dda5c6fbaf&rfr_iscdi=true |