The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City
Policing is an important structural determinant of HIV and other health risks faced by vulnerable populations, including people who sell sex and use drugs, though the role of routine police encounters is not well understood. Given the influence of policing on the risk environment of these groups, me...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0227809 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | e0227809 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 15 |
| creator | Footer, Katherine H A Park, Ju Nyeong Rouhani, Saba Galai, Noya Silberzahn, Bradley E Huettner, Steven Allen, Sean T Sherman, Susan G |
| description | Policing is an important structural determinant of HIV and other health risks faced by vulnerable populations, including people who sell sex and use drugs, though the role of routine police encounters is not well understood. Given the influence of policing on the risk environment of these groups, methods of measuring the aggregate impact of routine policing practices are urgently required. We developed and validated a novel, brief scale to measure police patrol practices (Police Practices Scale, PPS) among 250 street-based female sex workers (FSW) in Baltimore, Maryland, an urban setting with high levels of illegal drug activity. PPS items were developed from existing theory and ethnography with police and their encounters with FSW, and measured frequency of recent (past 3 months) police encounters. The 6-item scale was developed using exploratory factor analysis after examining the properties of the original 11 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model the factor structure. A 2-factor model emerged, with law enforcement PPS items and police assistance PPS items loading on separate factors. Linear regression models were used to explore the relative distribution of these police encounters among FSW by modeling association with key socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the sample. Higher exposure to policing was observed among FSW who were homeless (β = 0.71, p = 0.037), in daily sex work (β = 1.32, p = 0.026), arrested in the past 12 months (β = 1.44, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0227809 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2344548036</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A612164082</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_22d3a801d18542bba20889f91167e043</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A612164082</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3be05d09226d9b44a547474800d963db342cb57d6499ed3d315cfa4da62b6cf63</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QDguDF1Hw1bfZCWAY_BhZWnB1vQ5qkM1nbpiaZ_fgF_m0zTneZgoLkIoeT531b3uRk2UsEc0RK9P7KbX0v23xwvckhxmUF-aPsGHGCZwxD8vigPsqehXAFYUEqxp5mRwTxskKMHme_LjcGaHNtWjd0po_ANSCm1lfXWpU2L1VMRQBLJVtzCla9Nj5E2Wvbr8Gwo3aFHAbvpNokMLob6XUAIXpj4qyWwWjQmC7JQTC34Mb5H8kC2B5IsMqXOZjbePc8e9LINpgX436SrT59vJx_mZ1ffF7Mz85ninEcZ6Q2sNCQY8w0rymVBS3TqiDUnBFdE4pVXZSaUc6NJpqgQjWSaslwzVTDyEn2eu87tC6IMcMgMKG0SDZkRyz2hHbySgzedtLfCSet-NNwfi2kT5m0RmCsiawg0qgqKK5riWFV8YYjxEoDKUleH8avbevOaJUC9rKdmE5PersRa3ctGK8gg2UyeDMaePdza0L8xy-P1DqFLGzfuGSmOhuUOGMIp4uGFU5U_hcqLW06q9IramzqTwTvJoLERHMb13Ibglgsv_0_e_F9yr49YDdGtnETXLuN1vVhCtI9qLwLwZvmITkExW4I7tMQuyEQ4xAk2avD1B9E96-e_AazSgHN</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2344548036</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Footer, Katherine H A ; Park, Ju Nyeong ; Rouhani, Saba ; Galai, Noya ; Silberzahn, Bradley E ; Huettner, Steven ; Allen, Sean T ; Sherman, Susan G</creator><contributor>Knittel, Andrea</contributor><creatorcontrib>Footer, Katherine H A ; Park, Ju Nyeong ; Rouhani, Saba ; Galai, Noya ; Silberzahn, Bradley E ; Huettner, Steven ; Allen, Sean T ; Sherman, Susan G ; Knittel, Andrea</creatorcontrib><description>Policing is an important structural determinant of HIV and other health risks faced by vulnerable populations, including people who sell sex and use drugs, though the role of routine police encounters is not well understood. Given the influence of policing on the risk environment of these groups, methods of measuring the aggregate impact of routine policing practices are urgently required. We developed and validated a novel, brief scale to measure police patrol practices (Police Practices Scale, PPS) among 250 street-based female sex workers (FSW) in Baltimore, Maryland, an urban setting with high levels of illegal drug activity. PPS items were developed from existing theory and ethnography with police and their encounters with FSW, and measured frequency of recent (past 3 months) police encounters. The 6-item scale was developed using exploratory factor analysis after examining the properties of the original 11 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model the factor structure. A 2-factor model emerged, with law enforcement PPS items and police assistance PPS items loading on separate factors. Linear regression models were used to explore the relative distribution of these police encounters among FSW by modeling association with key socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the sample. Higher exposure to policing was observed among FSW who were homeless (β = 0.71, p = 0.037), in daily sex work (β = 1.32, p = 0.026), arrested in the past 12 months (β = 1.44, p<0.001) or injecting drugs in the past 3 months (β = 1.04, p<0.001). The PPS provides an important and novel contribution in measuring aggregate exposure to routine policing, though further validation is required. This scale could be used to evaluate the impact of policing on vulnerable populations' health outcomes, including HIV risk.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227809</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31978164</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adolescent ; Adult ; Baltimore - epidemiology ; Behavior ; Benchmarking - methods ; Criminalization ; Demographics ; Disease transmission ; Drug overdose ; Drug Overdose - epidemiology ; Drug Overdose - prevention & control ; Drug use ; Drugs ; Encounters ; Epidemiology ; Ethnography ; Exposure ; Factor analysis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; HIV ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - prevention & control ; Homeless Persons - legislation & jurisprudence ; Homelessness ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Incidence ; Law enforcement ; Law Enforcement - methods ; Male ; Measurement methods ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Novels ; People and Places ; Physical Sciences ; Police ; Police - organization & administration ; Police - statistics & numerical data ; Populations ; Prospective payment systems (Medical care) ; Prospective Studies ; Prostitution ; Public health ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk-Taking ; Sex ; Sex crimes ; Sex industry ; Sex oriented businesses ; Sex Workers - legislation & jurisprudence ; Sex Workers - psychology ; Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; Social Determinants of Health ; Social Sciences ; Society ; Socioeconomic Factors ; STD ; Studies ; Systematic review ; Transgender Persons ; Urban areas ; Urban environments ; Violence ; Vulnerable Populations - legislation & jurisprudence ; Vulnerable Populations - psychology ; Vulnerable Populations - statistics & numerical data ; Working women ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0227809</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Footer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Footer et al 2020 Footer et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3be05d09226d9b44a547474800d963db342cb57d6499ed3d315cfa4da62b6cf63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3be05d09226d9b44a547474800d963db342cb57d6499ed3d315cfa4da62b6cf63</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0650-2154</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6980607/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6980607/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23864,27922,27923,53789,53791,79370,79371</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31978164$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Knittel, Andrea</contributor><creatorcontrib>Footer, Katherine H A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Ju Nyeong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rouhani, Saba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galai, Noya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silberzahn, Bradley E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huettner, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Sean T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sherman, Susan G</creatorcontrib><title>The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Policing is an important structural determinant of HIV and other health risks faced by vulnerable populations, including people who sell sex and use drugs, though the role of routine police encounters is not well understood. Given the influence of policing on the risk environment of these groups, methods of measuring the aggregate impact of routine policing practices are urgently required. We developed and validated a novel, brief scale to measure police patrol practices (Police Practices Scale, PPS) among 250 street-based female sex workers (FSW) in Baltimore, Maryland, an urban setting with high levels of illegal drug activity. PPS items were developed from existing theory and ethnography with police and their encounters with FSW, and measured frequency of recent (past 3 months) police encounters. The 6-item scale was developed using exploratory factor analysis after examining the properties of the original 11 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model the factor structure. A 2-factor model emerged, with law enforcement PPS items and police assistance PPS items loading on separate factors. Linear regression models were used to explore the relative distribution of these police encounters among FSW by modeling association with key socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the sample. Higher exposure to policing was observed among FSW who were homeless (β = 0.71, p = 0.037), in daily sex work (β = 1.32, p = 0.026), arrested in the past 12 months (β = 1.44, p<0.001) or injecting drugs in the past 3 months (β = 1.04, p<0.001). The PPS provides an important and novel contribution in measuring aggregate exposure to routine policing, though further validation is required. This scale could be used to evaluate the impact of policing on vulnerable populations' health outcomes, including HIV risk.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Baltimore - epidemiology</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Benchmarking - methods</subject><subject>Criminalization</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Drug overdose</subject><subject>Drug Overdose - epidemiology</subject><subject>Drug Overdose - prevention & control</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Encounters</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethnography</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Factor analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Homeless Persons - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Homelessness</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Law enforcement</subject><subject>Law Enforcement - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measurement methods</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Novels</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Police</subject><subject>Police - organization & administration</subject><subject>Police - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Prospective payment systems (Medical care)</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Prostitution</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Regression models</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk-Taking</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sex crimes</subject><subject>Sex industry</subject><subject>Sex oriented businesses</subject><subject>Sex Workers - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Sex Workers - psychology</subject><subject>Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>Social Determinants of Health</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Society</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>STD</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Transgender Persons</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><subject>Violence</subject><subject>Vulnerable Populations - legislation & jurisprudence</subject><subject>Vulnerable Populations - psychology</subject><subject>Vulnerable Populations - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Working women</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk12L1DAUhoso7rr6D0QDguDF1Hw1bfZCWAY_BhZWnB1vQ5qkM1nbpiaZ_fgF_m0zTneZgoLkIoeT531b3uRk2UsEc0RK9P7KbX0v23xwvckhxmUF-aPsGHGCZwxD8vigPsqehXAFYUEqxp5mRwTxskKMHme_LjcGaHNtWjd0po_ANSCm1lfXWpU2L1VMRQBLJVtzCla9Nj5E2Wvbr8Gwo3aFHAbvpNokMLob6XUAIXpj4qyWwWjQmC7JQTC34Mb5H8kC2B5IsMqXOZjbePc8e9LINpgX436SrT59vJx_mZ1ffF7Mz85ninEcZ6Q2sNCQY8w0rymVBS3TqiDUnBFdE4pVXZSaUc6NJpqgQjWSaslwzVTDyEn2eu87tC6IMcMgMKG0SDZkRyz2hHbySgzedtLfCSet-NNwfi2kT5m0RmCsiawg0qgqKK5riWFV8YYjxEoDKUleH8avbevOaJUC9rKdmE5PersRa3ctGK8gg2UyeDMaePdza0L8xy-P1DqFLGzfuGSmOhuUOGMIp4uGFU5U_hcqLW06q9IramzqTwTvJoLERHMb13Ibglgsv_0_e_F9yr49YDdGtnETXLuN1vVhCtI9qLwLwZvmITkExW4I7tMQuyEQ4xAk2avD1B9E96-e_AazSgHN</recordid><startdate>20200124</startdate><enddate>20200124</enddate><creator>Footer, Katherine H A</creator><creator>Park, Ju Nyeong</creator><creator>Rouhani, Saba</creator><creator>Galai, Noya</creator><creator>Silberzahn, Bradley E</creator><creator>Huettner, Steven</creator><creator>Allen, Sean T</creator><creator>Sherman, Susan G</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-2154</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200124</creationdate><title>The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City</title><author>Footer, Katherine H A ; Park, Ju Nyeong ; Rouhani, Saba ; Galai, Noya ; Silberzahn, Bradley E ; Huettner, Steven ; Allen, Sean T ; Sherman, Susan G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3be05d09226d9b44a547474800d963db342cb57d6499ed3d315cfa4da62b6cf63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Baltimore - epidemiology</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Benchmarking - methods</topic><topic>Criminalization</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Drug overdose</topic><topic>Drug Overdose - epidemiology</topic><topic>Drug Overdose - prevention & control</topic><topic>Drug use</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Encounters</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethnography</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Factor analysis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>Homeless Persons - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Homelessness</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Law enforcement</topic><topic>Law Enforcement - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measurement methods</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Novels</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Police</topic><topic>Police - organization & administration</topic><topic>Police - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Populations</topic><topic>Prospective payment systems (Medical care)</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Prostitution</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Regression models</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Risk-Taking</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sex crimes</topic><topic>Sex industry</topic><topic>Sex oriented businesses</topic><topic>Sex Workers - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Sex Workers - psychology</topic><topic>Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Sexually transmitted diseases</topic><topic>Social Determinants of Health</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Society</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>STD</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Transgender Persons</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Urban environments</topic><topic>Violence</topic><topic>Vulnerable Populations - legislation & jurisprudence</topic><topic>Vulnerable Populations - psychology</topic><topic>Vulnerable Populations - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Working women</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Footer, Katherine H A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Ju Nyeong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rouhani, Saba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galai, Noya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silberzahn, Bradley E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huettner, Steven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Sean T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sherman, Susan G</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Footer, Katherine H A</au><au>Park, Ju Nyeong</au><au>Rouhani, Saba</au><au>Galai, Noya</au><au>Silberzahn, Bradley E</au><au>Huettner, Steven</au><au>Allen, Sean T</au><au>Sherman, Susan G</au><au>Knittel, Andrea</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-01-24</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0227809</spage><pages>e0227809-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Policing is an important structural determinant of HIV and other health risks faced by vulnerable populations, including people who sell sex and use drugs, though the role of routine police encounters is not well understood. Given the influence of policing on the risk environment of these groups, methods of measuring the aggregate impact of routine policing practices are urgently required. We developed and validated a novel, brief scale to measure police patrol practices (Police Practices Scale, PPS) among 250 street-based female sex workers (FSW) in Baltimore, Maryland, an urban setting with high levels of illegal drug activity. PPS items were developed from existing theory and ethnography with police and their encounters with FSW, and measured frequency of recent (past 3 months) police encounters. The 6-item scale was developed using exploratory factor analysis after examining the properties of the original 11 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model the factor structure. A 2-factor model emerged, with law enforcement PPS items and police assistance PPS items loading on separate factors. Linear regression models were used to explore the relative distribution of these police encounters among FSW by modeling association with key socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics of the sample. Higher exposure to policing was observed among FSW who were homeless (β = 0.71, p = 0.037), in daily sex work (β = 1.32, p = 0.026), arrested in the past 12 months (β = 1.44, p<0.001) or injecting drugs in the past 3 months (β = 1.04, p<0.001). The PPS provides an important and novel contribution in measuring aggregate exposure to routine policing, though further validation is required. This scale could be used to evaluate the impact of policing on vulnerable populations' health outcomes, including HIV risk.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31978164</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0227809</doi><tpages>e0227809</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0650-2154</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0227809 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2344548036 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Baltimore - epidemiology Behavior Benchmarking - methods Criminalization Demographics Disease transmission Drug overdose Drug Overdose - epidemiology Drug Overdose - prevention & control Drug use Drugs Encounters Epidemiology Ethnography Exposure Factor analysis Female Follow-Up Studies Health aspects Health risks HIV HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - prevention & control Homeless Persons - legislation & jurisprudence Homelessness Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Incidence Law enforcement Law Enforcement - methods Male Measurement methods Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Novels People and Places Physical Sciences Police Police - organization & administration Police - statistics & numerical data Populations Prospective payment systems (Medical care) Prospective Studies Prostitution Public health Regression analysis Regression models Research and Analysis Methods Risk-Taking Sex Sex crimes Sex industry Sex oriented businesses Sex Workers - legislation & jurisprudence Sex Workers - psychology Sex Workers - statistics & numerical data Sexually transmitted diseases Social Determinants of Health Social Sciences Society Socioeconomic Factors STD Studies Systematic review Transgender Persons Urban areas Urban environments Violence Vulnerable Populations - legislation & jurisprudence Vulnerable Populations - psychology Vulnerable Populations - statistics & numerical data Working women Young Adult |
| title | The development of the Police Practices Scale: Understanding policing approaches towards street-based female sex workers in a U.S. City |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T01%3A38%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20development%20of%20the%20Police%20Practices%20Scale:%20Understanding%20policing%20approaches%20towards%20street-based%20female%20sex%20workers%20in%20a%20U.S.%20City&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Footer,%20Katherine%20H%20A&rft.date=2020-01-24&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e0227809&rft.pages=e0227809-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0227809&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA612164082%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2344548036&rft_id=info:pmid/31978164&rft_galeid=A612164082&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_22d3a801d18542bba20889f91167e043&rfr_iscdi=true |