The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis
Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase,...
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| creator | Dong, Tingting Guo, Man Zhang, Peiyue Sun, Guogang Chen, Bo |
| description | Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors.
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to November 2018. We collected data from 12 randomized trials on low-carbohydrate diets including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and blood pressure levels, as well as weight as the endpoints. The average difference (MD) was used as the index to measure the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors with a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. The analysis was further stratified by factors that might affect the results of the intervention.
From 1292 studies identified in the initial search results, 12 randomized studies were included in the final analysis, which showed that a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a decrease in triglyceride levels of -0.15mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.07). Low-carbohydrate diet interventions lasting less than 6 months were associated with a decrease of -0.23mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.15), while those lasting 12-23 months were associated with a decrease of -0.17mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.01). The change in the body weight in the observation groups was -1.58kg (95% confidence interval -1.58 to -0.75); with for less than 6 months of intervention,this change was -1.14 kg (95% confidence interval -1.65 to -0.63),and with for 6-11 months of intervention, this change was -1.73kg (95% confidence interval -2.7 to -0.76). The change in the systolic blood pressure of the observation group was -1.41mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.26 to -0.56); the change in diastolic blood pressure was -1.71mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.36 to -1.06); the change in plasma HDL-C levels was 0.1mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.12); and the change in serum total cholesterol was 0.13mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.19). The plasma LDL-C level increased by 0.11mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.19), and the fasting blood glucose level changed 0.03mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.12),which was not significant.
This meta-analysis confirms that low-carbohydrate diets have a beneficial effect on |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0225348 |
| format | Article |
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The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors.
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to November 2018. We collected data from 12 randomized trials on low-carbohydrate diets including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and blood pressure levels, as well as weight as the endpoints. The average difference (MD) was used as the index to measure the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors with a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. The analysis was further stratified by factors that might affect the results of the intervention.
From 1292 studies identified in the initial search results, 12 randomized studies were included in the final analysis, which showed that a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a decrease in triglyceride levels of -0.15mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.07). Low-carbohydrate diet interventions lasting less than 6 months were associated with a decrease of -0.23mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.15), while those lasting 12-23 months were associated with a decrease of -0.17mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.01). The change in the body weight in the observation groups was -1.58kg (95% confidence interval -1.58 to -0.75); with for less than 6 months of intervention,this change was -1.14 kg (95% confidence interval -1.65 to -0.63),and with for 6-11 months of intervention, this change was -1.73kg (95% confidence interval -2.7 to -0.76). The change in the systolic blood pressure of the observation group was -1.41mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.26 to -0.56); the change in diastolic blood pressure was -1.71mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.36 to -1.06); the change in plasma HDL-C levels was 0.1mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.12); and the change in serum total cholesterol was 0.13mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.19). The plasma LDL-C level increased by 0.11mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.19), and the fasting blood glucose level changed 0.03mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.12),which was not significant.
This meta-analysis confirms that low-carbohydrate diets have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors but that the long-term effects on cardiovascular risk factors require further research.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225348</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31935216</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Bias ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Carbohydrates ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - blood ; Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Cholesterol, LDL - blood ; Confidence intervals ; Data collection ; Density ; Diabetes ; Diet ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Embryology ; Energy Intake ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; High cholesterol diet ; High density lipoprotein ; Histology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intervention ; Level (quantity) ; Levels ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins (high density) ; Lipoproteins (low density) ; Long-term effects ; Low carbohydrate diet ; Low density lipoprotein ; Low density lipoproteins ; Male ; Medical research ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Meta-analysis ; Metabolic syndrome ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Nutrient deficiency ; Physical Sciences ; Randomization ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity analysis ; Software ; Statistical analysis ; Studies ; Triglycerides ; Triglycerides - blood ; Type 2 diabetes</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0225348-e0225348</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2020 Dong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2020 Dong et al 2020 Dong et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c21956be59a026a57e0287dd2c3726f492644f1e0be09b9d73e8018dda71030e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-c21956be59a026a57e0287dd2c3726f492644f1e0be09b9d73e8018dda71030e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4310-7636 ; 0000-0003-2815-0281</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6959586/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6959586/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31935216$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Cheungpasitporn, Wisit</contributor><creatorcontrib>Dong, Tingting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Man</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Peiyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Guogang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Bo</creatorcontrib><title>The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors.
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to November 2018. We collected data from 12 randomized trials on low-carbohydrate diets including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and blood pressure levels, as well as weight as the endpoints. The average difference (MD) was used as the index to measure the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors with a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. The analysis was further stratified by factors that might affect the results of the intervention.
From 1292 studies identified in the initial search results, 12 randomized studies were included in the final analysis, which showed that a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a decrease in triglyceride levels of -0.15mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.07). Low-carbohydrate diet interventions lasting less than 6 months were associated with a decrease of -0.23mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.15), while those lasting 12-23 months were associated with a decrease of -0.17mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.01). The change in the body weight in the observation groups was -1.58kg (95% confidence interval -1.58 to -0.75); with for less than 6 months of intervention,this change was -1.14 kg (95% confidence interval -1.65 to -0.63),and with for 6-11 months of intervention, this change was -1.73kg (95% confidence interval -2.7 to -0.76). The change in the systolic blood pressure of the observation group was -1.41mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.26 to -0.56); the change in diastolic blood pressure was -1.71mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.36 to -1.06); the change in plasma HDL-C levels was 0.1mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.12); and the change in serum total cholesterol was 0.13mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.19). The plasma LDL-C level increased by 0.11mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.19), and the fasting blood glucose level changed 0.03mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.12),which was not significant.
This meta-analysis confirms that low-carbohydrate diets have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors but that the long-term effects on cardiovascular risk factors require further research.</description><subject>Bias</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood glucose</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cardiovascular diseases</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</subject><subject>Cholesterol, LDL - blood</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted</subject><subject>Diet, Fat-Restricted</subject><subject>Embryology</subject><subject>Energy Intake</subject><subject>Fasting</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>High cholesterol diet</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Level (quantity)</subject><subject>Levels</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Lipoproteins (high density)</subject><subject>Lipoproteins (low density)</subject><subject>Long-term effects</subject><subject>Low carbohydrate diet</subject><subject>Low density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Low density lipoproteins</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Nutrient deficiency</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Randomization</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sensitivity analysis</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Triglycerides - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dong, Tingting</au><au>Guo, Man</au><au>Zhang, Peiyue</au><au>Sun, Guogang</au><au>Chen, Bo</au><au>Cheungpasitporn, Wisit</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-01-14</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0225348</spage><epage>e0225348</epage><pages>e0225348-e0225348</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Low-carbohydrate diets are associated with cardiovascular risk factors; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent.
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between low-carbohydrate diets and cardiovascular risk factors.
Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) were searched from their inception to November 2018. We collected data from 12 randomized trials on low-carbohydrate diets including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and blood pressure levels, as well as weight as the endpoints. The average difference (MD) was used as the index to measure the effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on cardiovascular risk factors with a fixed-effects model or random-effects model. The analysis was further stratified by factors that might affect the results of the intervention.
From 1292 studies identified in the initial search results, 12 randomized studies were included in the final analysis, which showed that a low-carbohydrate diet was associated with a decrease in triglyceride levels of -0.15mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.23 to -0.07). Low-carbohydrate diet interventions lasting less than 6 months were associated with a decrease of -0.23mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.15), while those lasting 12-23 months were associated with a decrease of -0.17mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.32 to -0.01). The change in the body weight in the observation groups was -1.58kg (95% confidence interval -1.58 to -0.75); with for less than 6 months of intervention,this change was -1.14 kg (95% confidence interval -1.65 to -0.63),and with for 6-11 months of intervention, this change was -1.73kg (95% confidence interval -2.7 to -0.76). The change in the systolic blood pressure of the observation group was -1.41mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.26 to -0.56); the change in diastolic blood pressure was -1.71mmHg (95% confidence interval-2.36 to -1.06); the change in plasma HDL-C levels was 0.1mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.12); and the change in serum total cholesterol was 0.13mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.19). The plasma LDL-C level increased by 0.11mmol/l (95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.19), and the fasting blood glucose level changed 0.03mmol/l (95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.12),which was not significant.
This meta-analysis confirms that low-carbohydrate diets have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk factors but that the long-term effects on cardiovascular risk factors require further research.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31935216</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0225348</doi><tpages>e0225348</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-7636</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-0281</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0225348-e0225348 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2337981636 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Bias Biology and Life Sciences Blood glucose Blood Pressure Body Weight Carbohydrates Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - blood Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL - blood Cholesterol, LDL - blood Confidence intervals Data collection Density Diabetes Diet Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet, Fat-Restricted Embryology Energy Intake Fasting Female Glucose Health risk assessment Health risks High cholesterol diet High density lipoprotein Histology Humans Hypertension Intervention Level (quantity) Levels Lipids Lipoproteins (high density) Lipoproteins (low density) Long-term effects Low carbohydrate diet Low density lipoprotein Low density lipoproteins Male Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Meta-analysis Metabolic syndrome Middle Aged Mortality Nutrient deficiency Physical Sciences Randomization Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Research and Analysis Methods Risk analysis Risk Factors Sensitivity analysis Software Statistical analysis Studies Triglycerides Triglycerides - blood Type 2 diabetes |
| title | The effects of low-carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors: A meta-analysis |
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