Geographical origin determines responses to salinity of Mediterranean caddisflies
Many freshwater ecosystems worldwide, and particularly Mediterranean ones, show increasing levels of salinity. These changes in water conditions could affect abundance and distribution of inhabiting species as well as the provision of ecosystem services. In this study we conduct laboratory experimen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0220275-e0220275 |
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| description | Many freshwater ecosystems worldwide, and particularly Mediterranean ones, show increasing levels of salinity. These changes in water conditions could affect abundance and distribution of inhabiting species as well as the provision of ecosystem services. In this study we conduct laboratory experiments using the macroinvertebrate Smicridea annulicornis as a model organism. Our factorial experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of geographical origin of organisms and salinity levels on survival and behavioral responses of caddisflies. The experimental organisms were captured from rivers belonging to three hydrological basins along a 450 Km latitudinal gradient in the Mediterranean region of Chile. Animals were exposed to three conductivity levels, from 180 to 1400 μS/cm, close to the historical averages of the source rivers. We measured the behavioral responses to experimental stimuli and the survival time. Our results showed that geographical origin shaped the behavioral and survival responses to salinity. In particular, survival and activity decreased more strongly with increasing salinity in organisms coming from more dilute waters. This suggests local adaptation to be determinant for salinity responses in this benthic invertebrate species. In the current scenario of fast temporal and spatial changes in water levels and salt concentration, the conservation of geographic intra-specific variation of aquatic species is crucial for lowering the risk of salinity-driven biodiversity loss. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0220275 |
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These changes in water conditions could affect abundance and distribution of inhabiting species as well as the provision of ecosystem services. In this study we conduct laboratory experiments using the macroinvertebrate Smicridea annulicornis as a model organism. Our factorial experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of geographical origin of organisms and salinity levels on survival and behavioral responses of caddisflies. The experimental organisms were captured from rivers belonging to three hydrological basins along a 450 Km latitudinal gradient in the Mediterranean region of Chile. Animals were exposed to three conductivity levels, from 180 to 1400 μS/cm, close to the historical averages of the source rivers. We measured the behavioral responses to experimental stimuli and the survival time. Our results showed that geographical origin shaped the behavioral and survival responses to salinity. In particular, survival and activity decreased more strongly with increasing salinity in organisms coming from more dilute waters. This suggests local adaptation to be determinant for salinity responses in this benthic invertebrate species. In the current scenario of fast temporal and spatial changes in water levels and salt concentration, the conservation of geographic intra-specific variation of aquatic species is crucial for lowering the risk of salinity-driven biodiversity loss.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220275</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31929552</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adaptation ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Aquatic insects ; Basins ; Behavior ; Biodiversity ; Biodiversity loss ; Biological diversity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chile ; Climate change ; Conductivity ; Conservation ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Ecosystem services ; Ecosystems ; Environmental changes ; Factorial experiments ; Fresh Water ; Freshwater ecosystems ; Geographical distribution ; Geography ; Hydrology ; Hypotheses ; Invertebrates ; Laboratory experiments ; Longevity - drug effects ; Macroinvertebrates ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Neoptera - drug effects ; Neoptera - physiology ; Organisms ; People and places ; Physical Sciences ; Physiology ; Rivers ; Salinity ; Salinity effects ; Social Sciences ; Sodium Chloride - pharmacology ; Species ; Survival ; Trichoptera ; Water level fluctuations ; Water levels ; Water quality</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2020-01, Vol.15 (1), p.e0220275-e0220275</ispartof><rights>2020 Carter et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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These changes in water conditions could affect abundance and distribution of inhabiting species as well as the provision of ecosystem services. In this study we conduct laboratory experiments using the macroinvertebrate Smicridea annulicornis as a model organism. Our factorial experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of geographical origin of organisms and salinity levels on survival and behavioral responses of caddisflies. The experimental organisms were captured from rivers belonging to three hydrological basins along a 450 Km latitudinal gradient in the Mediterranean region of Chile. Animals were exposed to three conductivity levels, from 180 to 1400 μS/cm, close to the historical averages of the source rivers. We measured the behavioral responses to experimental stimuli and the survival time. Our results showed that geographical origin shaped the behavioral and survival responses to salinity. In particular, survival and activity decreased more strongly with increasing salinity in organisms coming from more dilute waters. This suggests local adaptation to be determinant for salinity responses in this benthic invertebrate species. In the current scenario of fast temporal and spatial changes in water levels and salt concentration, the conservation of geographic intra-specific variation of aquatic species is crucial for lowering the risk of salinity-driven biodiversity loss.</description><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Adaptation, Physiological</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Basins</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biodiversity loss</subject><subject>Biological diversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chile</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Conductivity</subject><subject>Conservation</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Ecosystem services</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Factorial experiments</subject><subject>Fresh Water</subject><subject>Freshwater ecosystems</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Laboratory experiments</subject><subject>Longevity - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Carter, Mauricio J</au><au>Flores, Matías</au><au>Ramos-Jiliberto, Rodrigo</au><au>Hovel, Rachel A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Geographical origin determines responses to salinity of Mediterranean caddisflies</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2020-01-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0220275</spage><epage>e0220275</epage><pages>e0220275-e0220275</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Many freshwater ecosystems worldwide, and particularly Mediterranean ones, show increasing levels of salinity. These changes in water conditions could affect abundance and distribution of inhabiting species as well as the provision of ecosystem services. In this study we conduct laboratory experiments using the macroinvertebrate Smicridea annulicornis as a model organism. Our factorial experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of geographical origin of organisms and salinity levels on survival and behavioral responses of caddisflies. The experimental organisms were captured from rivers belonging to three hydrological basins along a 450 Km latitudinal gradient in the Mediterranean region of Chile. Animals were exposed to three conductivity levels, from 180 to 1400 μS/cm, close to the historical averages of the source rivers. We measured the behavioral responses to experimental stimuli and the survival time. Our results showed that geographical origin shaped the behavioral and survival responses to salinity. In particular, survival and activity decreased more strongly with increasing salinity in organisms coming from more dilute waters. This suggests local adaptation to be determinant for salinity responses in this benthic invertebrate species. In the current scenario of fast temporal and spatial changes in water levels and salt concentration, the conservation of geographic intra-specific variation of aquatic species is crucial for lowering the risk of salinity-driven biodiversity loss.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31929552</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0220275</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0108-7502</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-8108</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation Adaptation, Physiological Animals Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic insects Basins Behavior Biodiversity Biodiversity loss Biological diversity Biology and Life Sciences Chile Climate change Conductivity Conservation Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecosystem Ecosystem services Ecosystems Environmental changes Factorial experiments Fresh Water Freshwater ecosystems Geographical distribution Geography Hydrology Hypotheses Invertebrates Laboratory experiments Longevity - drug effects Macroinvertebrates Medicine and Health Sciences Neoptera - drug effects Neoptera - physiology Organisms People and places Physical Sciences Physiology Rivers Salinity Salinity effects Social Sciences Sodium Chloride - pharmacology Species Survival Trichoptera Water level fluctuations Water levels Water quality |
| title | Geographical origin determines responses to salinity of Mediterranean caddisflies |
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