Microsatellite analysis reveals connectivity among geographically distant transmission zones of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon: A critical barrier to regional malaria elimination
Despite efforts made over decades by the Peruvian government to eliminate malaria, Plasmodium vivax remains a challenge for public health decision-makers in the country. The uneven distribution of its incidence, plus its complex pattern of dispersion, has made ineffective control measures based on g...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2019-11, Vol.13 (11), p.e0007876-e0007876 |
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| creator | Manrique, Paulo Miranda-Alban, Julio Alarcon-Baldeon, Jhonatan Ramirez, Roberson Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel Herrera, Henry Guzman-Guzman, Mitchel Rosas-Aguirre, Angel Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro Vinetz, Joseph M Escalante, Ananias A Gamboa, Dionicia |
| description | Despite efforts made over decades by the Peruvian government to eliminate malaria, Plasmodium vivax remains a challenge for public health decision-makers in the country. The uneven distribution of its incidence, plus its complex pattern of dispersion, has made ineffective control measures based on global information that lack the necessary detail to understand transmission fully. In this sense, population genetic tools can complement current surveillance. This study describes the genetic diversity and population structure from September 2012 to March 2015 in three geographically distant settlements, Cahuide (CAH), Lupuna (LUP) and Santa Emilia (STE), located in the Peruvian Amazon. A total 777 P. vivax mono-infections, out of 3264, were genotyped. Among study areas, LUP showed 19.7% of polyclonal infections, and its genetic diversity (Hexp) was 0.544. Temporal analysis showed a significant increment of polyclonal infections and Hexp, and the introduction and persistence of a new parasite population since March 2013. In STE, 40.1% of infections were polyclonal, with Hexp = 0.596. The presence of four genetic clusters without signals of clonal expansion and infections with lower parasite densities compared against the other two areas were also found. At least four parasite populations were present in CAH in 2012, where, after June 2014, malaria cases decreased from 213 to 61, concomitant with a decrease in polyclonal infections (from 0.286 to 0.18), and expectedly variable Hexp. Strong signals of gene flow were present in the study areas and wide geographic distribution of highly diverse parasite populations were found. This study suggests that movement of malaria parasites by human reservoirs connects geographically distant malaria transmission areas in the Peruvian Amazon. The maintenance of high levels of parasite genetic diversity through human mobility is a critical barrier to malaria elimination in this region. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007876 |
| format | Article |
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The uneven distribution of its incidence, plus its complex pattern of dispersion, has made ineffective control measures based on global information that lack the necessary detail to understand transmission fully. In this sense, population genetic tools can complement current surveillance. This study describes the genetic diversity and population structure from September 2012 to March 2015 in three geographically distant settlements, Cahuide (CAH), Lupuna (LUP) and Santa Emilia (STE), located in the Peruvian Amazon. A total 777 P. vivax mono-infections, out of 3264, were genotyped. Among study areas, LUP showed 19.7% of polyclonal infections, and its genetic diversity (Hexp) was 0.544. Temporal analysis showed a significant increment of polyclonal infections and Hexp, and the introduction and persistence of a new parasite population since March 2013. In STE, 40.1% of infections were polyclonal, with Hexp = 0.596. The presence of four genetic clusters without signals of clonal expansion and infections with lower parasite densities compared against the other two areas were also found. At least four parasite populations were present in CAH in 2012, where, after June 2014, malaria cases decreased from 213 to 61, concomitant with a decrease in polyclonal infections (from 0.286 to 0.18), and expectedly variable Hexp. Strong signals of gene flow were present in the study areas and wide geographic distribution of highly diverse parasite populations were found. This study suggests that movement of malaria parasites by human reservoirs connects geographically distant malaria transmission areas in the Peruvian Amazon. The maintenance of high levels of parasite genetic diversity through human mobility is a critical barrier to malaria elimination in this region.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1935-2727</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-2735</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007876</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31710604</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Analysis ; Biodiversity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Decision making ; Disease eradication ; Disease transmission ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Earth Sciences ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Female ; Gene flow ; Genes ; Genetic diversity ; Genetic variation ; Genotype ; Genotyping Techniques ; Geographical distribution ; Health aspects ; Human diseases ; Human motion ; Humans ; Humboldt, Alexander von (1769-1859) ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infections ; Longitudinal Studies ; Maintenance ; Malaria ; Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology ; Malaria, Vivax - parasitology ; Malaria, Vivax - transmission ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Microsatellites ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Parasites ; Persistence ; Peru - epidemiology ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Plasmodium vivax ; Plasmodium vivax - classification ; Plasmodium vivax - genetics ; Plasmodium vivax - isolation & purification ; Population ; Population genetics ; Population structure ; Population studies ; Populations ; Public health ; Public health movements ; Rivers ; Transmission ; Travel ; Tropical diseases ; Vector-borne diseases ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019-11, Vol.13 (11), p.e0007876-e0007876</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Manrique et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Manrique et al 2019 Manrique et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-b050892b598c7049a1f9fd4c611c067ce1c1a70d2f4f4708e53805505a30a1c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c624t-b050892b598c7049a1f9fd4c611c067ce1c1a70d2f4f4708e53805505a30a1c03</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6945-0419 ; 0000-0003-3412-0249 ; 0000-0003-2662-2142 ; 0000-0002-3271-7028</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6874088/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6874088/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31710604$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>van Schalkwyk, Donelly Andrew</contributor><creatorcontrib>Manrique, Paulo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miranda-Alban, Julio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alarcon-Baldeon, Jhonatan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramirez, Roberson</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Herrera, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guzman-Guzman, Mitchel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosas-Aguirre, Angel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vinetz, Joseph M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Escalante, Ananias A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gamboa, Dionicia</creatorcontrib><title>Microsatellite analysis reveals connectivity among geographically distant transmission zones of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon: A critical barrier to regional malaria elimination</title><title>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</title><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><description>Despite efforts made over decades by the Peruvian government to eliminate malaria, Plasmodium vivax remains a challenge for public health decision-makers in the country. The uneven distribution of its incidence, plus its complex pattern of dispersion, has made ineffective control measures based on global information that lack the necessary detail to understand transmission fully. In this sense, population genetic tools can complement current surveillance. This study describes the genetic diversity and population structure from September 2012 to March 2015 in three geographically distant settlements, Cahuide (CAH), Lupuna (LUP) and Santa Emilia (STE), located in the Peruvian Amazon. A total 777 P. vivax mono-infections, out of 3264, were genotyped. Among study areas, LUP showed 19.7% of polyclonal infections, and its genetic diversity (Hexp) was 0.544. Temporal analysis showed a significant increment of polyclonal infections and Hexp, and the introduction and persistence of a new parasite population since March 2013. In STE, 40.1% of infections were polyclonal, with Hexp = 0.596. The presence of four genetic clusters without signals of clonal expansion and infections with lower parasite densities compared against the other two areas were also found. At least four parasite populations were present in CAH in 2012, where, after June 2014, malaria cases decreased from 213 to 61, concomitant with a decrease in polyclonal infections (from 0.286 to 0.18), and expectedly variable Hexp. Strong signals of gene flow were present in the study areas and wide geographic distribution of highly diverse parasite populations were found. This study suggests that movement of malaria parasites by human reservoirs connects geographically distant malaria transmission areas in the Peruvian Amazon. The maintenance of high levels of parasite genetic diversity through human mobility is a critical barrier to malaria elimination in this region.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Decision making</subject><subject>Disease eradication</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Disease Transmission, Infectious</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecology and Environmental Sciences</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene flow</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genetic variation</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotyping Techniques</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Human diseases</subject><subject>Human motion</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Humboldt, Alexander von (1769-1859)</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Maintenance</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology</subject><subject>Malaria, Vivax - parasitology</subject><subject>Malaria, Vivax - transmission</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microsatellite Repeats</subject><subject>Microsatellites</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Molecular Epidemiology</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Persistence</subject><subject>Peru - epidemiology</subject><subject>Plasmodium falciparum</subject><subject>Plasmodium vivax</subject><subject>Plasmodium vivax - classification</subject><subject>Plasmodium vivax - genetics</subject><subject>Plasmodium vivax - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Population structure</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Populations</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public health movements</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Transmission</subject><subject>Travel</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><subject>Young 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Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Manrique, Paulo</au><au>Miranda-Alban, Julio</au><au>Alarcon-Baldeon, Jhonatan</au><au>Ramirez, Roberson</au><au>Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel</au><au>Herrera, Henry</au><au>Guzman-Guzman, Mitchel</au><au>Rosas-Aguirre, Angel</au><au>Llanos-Cuentas, Alejandro</au><au>Vinetz, Joseph M</au><au>Escalante, Ananias A</au><au>Gamboa, Dionicia</au><au>van Schalkwyk, Donelly Andrew</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Microsatellite analysis reveals connectivity among geographically distant transmission zones of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon: A critical barrier to regional malaria elimination</atitle><jtitle>PLoS neglected tropical diseases</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Negl Trop Dis</addtitle><date>2019-11-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0007876</spage><epage>e0007876</epage><pages>e0007876-e0007876</pages><issn>1935-2735</issn><issn>1935-2727</issn><eissn>1935-2735</eissn><abstract>Despite efforts made over decades by the Peruvian government to eliminate malaria, Plasmodium vivax remains a challenge for public health decision-makers in the country. The uneven distribution of its incidence, plus its complex pattern of dispersion, has made ineffective control measures based on global information that lack the necessary detail to understand transmission fully. In this sense, population genetic tools can complement current surveillance. This study describes the genetic diversity and population structure from September 2012 to March 2015 in three geographically distant settlements, Cahuide (CAH), Lupuna (LUP) and Santa Emilia (STE), located in the Peruvian Amazon. A total 777 P. vivax mono-infections, out of 3264, were genotyped. Among study areas, LUP showed 19.7% of polyclonal infections, and its genetic diversity (Hexp) was 0.544. Temporal analysis showed a significant increment of polyclonal infections and Hexp, and the introduction and persistence of a new parasite population since March 2013. In STE, 40.1% of infections were polyclonal, with Hexp = 0.596. The presence of four genetic clusters without signals of clonal expansion and infections with lower parasite densities compared against the other two areas were also found. At least four parasite populations were present in CAH in 2012, where, after June 2014, malaria cases decreased from 213 to 61, concomitant with a decrease in polyclonal infections (from 0.286 to 0.18), and expectedly variable Hexp. Strong signals of gene flow were present in the study areas and wide geographic distribution of highly diverse parasite populations were found. This study suggests that movement of malaria parasites by human reservoirs connects geographically distant malaria transmission areas in the Peruvian Amazon. The maintenance of high levels of parasite genetic diversity through human mobility is a critical barrier to malaria elimination in this region.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31710604</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pntd.0007876</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6945-0419</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-0249</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2662-2142</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3271-7028</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1935-2735 |
| ispartof | PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2019-11, Vol.13 (11), p.e0007876-e0007876 |
| issn | 1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2327512489 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Analysis Biodiversity Biology and Life Sciences Child Child, Preschool Decision making Disease eradication Disease transmission Disease Transmission, Infectious Earth Sciences Ecology and Environmental Sciences Female Gene flow Genes Genetic diversity Genetic variation Genotype Genotyping Techniques Geographical distribution Health aspects Human diseases Human motion Humans Humboldt, Alexander von (1769-1859) Incidence Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Longitudinal Studies Maintenance Malaria Malaria, Vivax - epidemiology Malaria, Vivax - parasitology Malaria, Vivax - transmission Male Medicine and Health Sciences Microsatellite Repeats Microsatellites Middle Aged Molecular Epidemiology Parasites Persistence Peru - epidemiology Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium vivax - classification Plasmodium vivax - genetics Plasmodium vivax - isolation & purification Population Population genetics Population structure Population studies Populations Public health Public health movements Rivers Transmission Travel Tropical diseases Vector-borne diseases Young Adult |
| title | Microsatellite analysis reveals connectivity among geographically distant transmission zones of Plasmodium vivax in the Peruvian Amazon: A critical barrier to regional malaria elimination |
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