The Cinderella Complex: Word embeddings reveal gender stereotypes in movies and books
Our analysis of thousands of movies and books reveals how these cultural products weave stereotypical gender roles into morality tales and perpetuate gender inequality through storytelling. Using the word embedding techniques, we reveal the constructed emotional dependency of female characters on ma...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2019-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e0225385-e0225385 |
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| creator | Xu, Huimin Zhang, Zhang Wu, Lingfei Wang, Cheng-Jun |
| description | Our analysis of thousands of movies and books reveals how these cultural products weave stereotypical gender roles into morality tales and perpetuate gender inequality through storytelling. Using the word embedding techniques, we reveal the constructed emotional dependency of female characters on male characters in stories. We call this narrative structure "Cinderella complex", which assumes that women depend on men in the pursuit of a happy, fulfilling life. Our analysis covers a substantial portion of narratives that shape the modern collective memory, including 7,226 books, 6,087 movie synopses, and 1,109 movie scripts. The "Cinderella complex" is observed to exist widely across periods and contexts, reminding how gender stereotypes are deeply rooted in our society. Our analysis of the words surrounding female and male characters shows that the lives of males are adventure-oriented, whereas the lives of females are romantic-relationship oriented. Finally, we demonstrate the social endorsement of gender stereotypes by showing that gender-stereotypical movies are voted more frequently and rated higher. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0225385 |
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Using the word embedding techniques, we reveal the constructed emotional dependency of female characters on male characters in stories. We call this narrative structure "Cinderella complex", which assumes that women depend on men in the pursuit of a happy, fulfilling life. Our analysis covers a substantial portion of narratives that shape the modern collective memory, including 7,226 books, 6,087 movie synopses, and 1,109 movie scripts. The "Cinderella complex" is observed to exist widely across periods and contexts, reminding how gender stereotypes are deeply rooted in our society. Our analysis of the words surrounding female and male characters shows that the lives of males are adventure-oriented, whereas the lives of females are romantic-relationship oriented. Finally, we demonstrate the social endorsement of gender stereotypes by showing that gender-stereotypical movies are voted more frequently and rated higher.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225385</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31756214</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Bias ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Career development planning ; Childrens picture books ; Communication ; Computer and Information Sciences ; Dependence ; Dictionaries ; Embedding ; Female ; Females ; Gender ; Gender equality ; Gender Identity ; Happiness ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Journalism schools ; Male ; Males ; Men ; Morality ; Motion Pictures ; Narration ; Sex role ; Sex roles ; Sexism ; Shape memory ; Social psychology ; Social Sciences ; Stereotypes ; Stereotyping ; Women</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e0225385-e0225385</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Xu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Using the word embedding techniques, we reveal the constructed emotional dependency of female characters on male characters in stories. We call this narrative structure "Cinderella complex", which assumes that women depend on men in the pursuit of a happy, fulfilling life. Our analysis covers a substantial portion of narratives that shape the modern collective memory, including 7,226 books, 6,087 movie synopses, and 1,109 movie scripts. The "Cinderella complex" is observed to exist widely across periods and contexts, reminding how gender stereotypes are deeply rooted in our society. Our analysis of the words surrounding female and male characters shows that the lives of males are adventure-oriented, whereas the lives of females are romantic-relationship oriented. 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cultural products weave stereotypical gender roles into morality tales and perpetuate gender inequality through storytelling. Using the word embedding techniques, we reveal the constructed emotional dependency of female characters on male characters in stories. We call this narrative structure "Cinderella complex", which assumes that women depend on men in the pursuit of a happy, fulfilling life. Our analysis covers a substantial portion of narratives that shape the modern collective memory, including 7,226 books, 6,087 movie synopses, and 1,109 movie scripts. The "Cinderella complex" is observed to exist widely across periods and contexts, reminding how gender stereotypes are deeply rooted in our society. Our analysis of the words surrounding female and male characters shows that the lives of males are adventure-oriented, whereas the lives of females are romantic-relationship oriented. Finally, we demonstrate the social endorsement of gender stereotypes by showing that gender-stereotypical movies are voted more frequently and rated higher.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31756214</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0225385</doi><tpages>e0225385</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9507-2888</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bias Biology and Life Sciences Career development planning Childrens picture books Communication Computer and Information Sciences Dependence Dictionaries Embedding Female Females Gender Gender equality Gender Identity Happiness Humans Interpersonal Relations Journalism schools Male Males Men Morality Motion Pictures Narration Sex role Sex roles Sexism Shape memory Social psychology Social Sciences Stereotypes Stereotyping Women |
| title | The Cinderella Complex: Word embeddings reveal gender stereotypes in movies and books |
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