The effects of prolonged single night session of videogaming on sleep and declarative memory
Use of electronic media is widespread among adolescents. Many male adolescents spend a major part of their evenings playing video games. The increased exposure to artificial light as well as the exciting nature of this pastime is under suspicion to impair sleep. Sleep is considered to be important f...
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| creator | Hartmann, Miria Pelzl, Michael Alexander Kann, Peter Herbert Koehler, Ulrich Betz, Manfred Hildebrandt, Olaf Cassel, Werner |
| description | Use of electronic media is widespread among adolescents. Many male adolescents spend a major part of their evenings playing video games. The increased exposure to artificial light as well as the exciting nature of this pastime is under suspicion to impair sleep. Sleep is considered to be important for memory consolidation, so there is also a potential risk for memory impairment due to video gaming. As learning and gaining knowledge is a very important part of adolescence, we decided to study the effects of prolonged video gaming on sleep and memory. The study was structured in a repeated measures design. Eighteen male participants played either the violent video game "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" or the board game "Monopoly" for five hours each on two Saturday nights. The game evenings were followed by sleep studies. Memory testing and vigilance evaluation was performed the next morning. During the course of the study, saliva samples were taken to determine melatonin and cortisol levels. The results of this crossover study showed slightly reduced sleep efficiency after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" (-3.5%, p = .017) and impaired declarative memory recall (p = .005) compared to "Monopoly". Melatonin levels at bedtime were lower after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" (p = .005), cortisol levels were elevated while playing the video game (p = .031). Negative effects on sleep were not strong but consistent with more wake after sleep onset (+12 min) and a higher arousal index after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive". We conclude that excessive video gaming in the evening can contribute to worsened sleep and impaired memory in male adolescents. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0224893 |
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Many male adolescents spend a major part of their evenings playing video games. The increased exposure to artificial light as well as the exciting nature of this pastime is under suspicion to impair sleep. Sleep is considered to be important for memory consolidation, so there is also a potential risk for memory impairment due to video gaming. As learning and gaining knowledge is a very important part of adolescence, we decided to study the effects of prolonged video gaming on sleep and memory. The study was structured in a repeated measures design. Eighteen male participants played either the violent video game "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" or the board game "Monopoly" for five hours each on two Saturday nights. The game evenings were followed by sleep studies. Memory testing and vigilance evaluation was performed the next morning. During the course of the study, saliva samples were taken to determine melatonin and cortisol levels. The results of this crossover study showed slightly reduced sleep efficiency after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" (-3.5%, p = .017) and impaired declarative memory recall (p = .005) compared to "Monopoly". Melatonin levels at bedtime were lower after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" (p = .005), cortisol levels were elevated while playing the video game (p = .031). Negative effects on sleep were not strong but consistent with more wake after sleep onset (+12 min) and a higher arousal index after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive". We conclude that excessive video gaming in the evening can contribute to worsened sleep and impaired memory in male adolescents.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224893</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31751354</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescence ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Analysis ; Arousal ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Computer & video games ; Cortisol ; Digital broadcasting ; Glucocorticoids ; Heart rate ; Hormones ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone - metabolism ; Intensive care ; Light ; Male ; Media violence ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Melatonin ; Melatonin - metabolism ; Memory ; Memory - physiology ; Mental Recall ; Saliva ; Saliva - metabolism ; Sleep ; Sleep - physiology ; Sleep and wakefulness ; Sleep deprivation ; Sleep disorders ; Social Sciences ; Studies ; Teenagers ; Video Games ; Vigilance ; Wakefulness ; Youth</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-11, Vol.14 (11), p.e0224893-e0224893</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Hartmann et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Many male adolescents spend a major part of their evenings playing video games. The increased exposure to artificial light as well as the exciting nature of this pastime is under suspicion to impair sleep. Sleep is considered to be important for memory consolidation, so there is also a potential risk for memory impairment due to video gaming. As learning and gaining knowledge is a very important part of adolescence, we decided to study the effects of prolonged video gaming on sleep and memory. The study was structured in a repeated measures design. Eighteen male participants played either the violent video game "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" or the board game "Monopoly" for five hours each on two Saturday nights. The game evenings were followed by sleep studies. Memory testing and vigilance evaluation was performed the next morning. During the course of the study, saliva samples were taken to determine melatonin and cortisol levels. 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We conclude that excessive video gaming in the evening can contribute to worsened sleep and impaired memory in male adolescents.</description><subject>Adolescence</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Arousal</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Computer & video games</subject><subject>Cortisol</subject><subject>Digital broadcasting</subject><subject>Glucocorticoids</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - metabolism</subject><subject>Intensive care</subject><subject>Light</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Media violence</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Melatonin</subject><subject>Melatonin - metabolism</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory - physiology</subject><subject>Mental Recall</subject><subject>Saliva</subject><subject>Saliva - metabolism</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Sleep - 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Many male adolescents spend a major part of their evenings playing video games. The increased exposure to artificial light as well as the exciting nature of this pastime is under suspicion to impair sleep. Sleep is considered to be important for memory consolidation, so there is also a potential risk for memory impairment due to video gaming. As learning and gaining knowledge is a very important part of adolescence, we decided to study the effects of prolonged video gaming on sleep and memory. The study was structured in a repeated measures design. Eighteen male participants played either the violent video game "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" or the board game "Monopoly" for five hours each on two Saturday nights. The game evenings were followed by sleep studies. Memory testing and vigilance evaluation was performed the next morning. During the course of the study, saliva samples were taken to determine melatonin and cortisol levels. The results of this crossover study showed slightly reduced sleep efficiency after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" (-3.5%, p = .017) and impaired declarative memory recall (p = .005) compared to "Monopoly". Melatonin levels at bedtime were lower after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive" (p = .005), cortisol levels were elevated while playing the video game (p = .031). Negative effects on sleep were not strong but consistent with more wake after sleep onset (+12 min) and a higher arousal index after "Counter Strike: Global Offensive". We conclude that excessive video gaming in the evening can contribute to worsened sleep and impaired memory in male adolescents.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31751354</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0224893</doi><tpages>e0224893</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescence Adolescent Adolescents Analysis Arousal Biology and Life Sciences Computer & video games Cortisol Digital broadcasting Glucocorticoids Heart rate Hormones Humans Hydrocortisone - metabolism Intensive care Light Male Media violence Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Melatonin Melatonin - metabolism Memory Memory - physiology Mental Recall Saliva Saliva - metabolism Sleep Sleep - physiology Sleep and wakefulness Sleep deprivation Sleep disorders Social Sciences Studies Teenagers Video Games Vigilance Wakefulness Youth |
| title | The effects of prolonged single night session of videogaming on sleep and declarative memory |
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