Evaluation of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) encapsulation, impact on the nutritional and functional properties of fortified yoghurt
The aim of this study was to evaluate Egyptian date palm pollen (DPP) grains composition, physical and functional potentials in comparing with two forms; 80% ethanol extract, and nanoencapsulated form. Functional yoghurt fortified with DPP in three forms was prepared and their physicochemical, micro...
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| description | The aim of this study was to evaluate Egyptian date palm pollen (DPP) grains composition, physical and functional potentials in comparing with two forms; 80% ethanol extract, and nanoencapsulated form. Functional yoghurt fortified with DPP in three forms was prepared and their physicochemical, microstructure, texture and sensory characteristics were assessed. The micro morphology was explored via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed for functional groups detection. Phenolic compounds were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while fatty acids were identified via Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Cytotoxicity of DPP nanocapsules was evaluated against RPE1 cell line (BJ1). The Egyptian date palm pollen grains evaluation revealed its rich content of protein and carbohydrate (36.28 and 17.14 g/ 100g), high content of Fe, Zn and Mg (226.5, 124.4 and 318 mg/100g), unsaturated fatty acids ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 (8.76, 20.26 and 7.11 g/100g, which was increased by ethanol extraction) and phenolic compounds especially catechin (191.73 μg/mL) which was pronounced in DPP antioxidant potentials (IC50 35.54 mg/g). The FTIR analyses indicated the presence of soluble amides (proteins) and polysaccharides (fibers) functional groups in DPP. Fortification with nanoencapsulated DPP proved to be safe and the recommended form due to the announced positive characteristics. Yoghurt fortification with DPP forms enhanced viscosity, syneresis and Water Holding Capacity (WHC), which can be considered a symbiotic functional product as it contained both probiotics (106 CFU/g) and prebiotics represented in DPP forms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0222789 |
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Functional yoghurt fortified with DPP in three forms was prepared and their physicochemical, microstructure, texture and sensory characteristics were assessed. The micro morphology was explored via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed for functional groups detection. Phenolic compounds were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while fatty acids were identified via Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Cytotoxicity of DPP nanocapsules was evaluated against RPE1 cell line (BJ1). The Egyptian date palm pollen grains evaluation revealed its rich content of protein and carbohydrate (36.28 and 17.14 g/ 100g), high content of Fe, Zn and Mg (226.5, 124.4 and 318 mg/100g), unsaturated fatty acids ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 (8.76, 20.26 and 7.11 g/100g, which was increased by ethanol extraction) and phenolic compounds especially catechin (191.73 μg/mL) which was pronounced in DPP antioxidant potentials (IC50 35.54 mg/g). The FTIR analyses indicated the presence of soluble amides (proteins) and polysaccharides (fibers) functional groups in DPP. Fortification with nanoencapsulated DPP proved to be safe and the recommended form due to the announced positive characteristics. Yoghurt fortification with DPP forms enhanced viscosity, syneresis and Water Holding Capacity (WHC), which can be considered a symbiotic functional product as it contained both probiotics (106 CFU/g) and prebiotics represented in DPP forms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222789</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31613894</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amides ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants (Nutrients) ; Antioxidants - chemistry ; Antioxidants - isolation & purification ; Bioavailability ; Biological activity ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Carbohydrates ; Catechin ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; Chromatography ; Curds ; Cytotoxicity ; Date (Fruit) ; Dietary Carbohydrates - isolation & purification ; Dietary minerals ; Dietary supplements ; Drug Compounding - methods ; Electron microscopy ; Epithelial Cells - cytology ; Epithelial Cells - drug effects ; Ethanol ; Evaluation ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - chemistry ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - isolation & purification ; Fibers ; Food products ; Food science ; Fourier transforms ; Functional Food - analysis ; Functional groups ; Gas liquid chromatography ; Genetic aspects ; Health aspects ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Humans ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Internet ; Iron - analysis ; Liquefied gases ; Liquid chromatography ; Magnesium ; Magnesium - analysis ; Milk ; Morphology ; Nanostructures - chemistry ; Nanostructures - ultrastructure ; Nutrition research ; Nutritional aspects ; Omega 6 fatty acids ; Phenolic compounds ; Phenols ; Phenols - chemistry ; Phenols - isolation & purification ; Phoeniceae - chemistry ; Phoenix dactylifera ; Physical Sciences ; Plant Extracts - chemistry ; Plant Proteins - chemistry ; Plant Proteins - isolation & purification ; Pollen ; Pollen - chemistry ; Polyphenols ; Polysaccharides ; Probiotics ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium - cytology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium - drug effects ; Saccharides ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sensory properties ; Sodium ; Spectroscopy ; Syneresis ; Temperature effects ; Toxicity ; Unsaturated fatty acids ; Viscosity ; Yogurt ; Yogurt - analysis ; Zinc ; Zinc - analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-10, Vol.14 (10), p.e0222789-e0222789</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 El-Kholy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 El-Kholy et al 2019 El-Kholy et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-bb6a19566d48a2734999838bce2b1fa51fddc9bed73c34697f279a5e88bf69e43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-bb6a19566d48a2734999838bce2b1fa51fddc9bed73c34697f279a5e88bf69e43</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1138-9133 ; 0000-0003-4318-5765 ; 0000-0003-3586-1575</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6793870/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6793870/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31613894$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Elfalleh, Walid</contributor><creatorcontrib>El-Kholy, Wedad Mohamed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soliman, Tarek Nour</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Darwish, Amira Muhammad Galal</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) encapsulation, impact on the nutritional and functional properties of fortified yoghurt</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The aim of this study was to evaluate Egyptian date palm pollen (DPP) grains composition, physical and functional potentials in comparing with two forms; 80% ethanol extract, and nanoencapsulated form. Functional yoghurt fortified with DPP in three forms was prepared and their physicochemical, microstructure, texture and sensory characteristics were assessed. The micro morphology was explored via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed for functional groups detection. Phenolic compounds were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while fatty acids were identified via Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Cytotoxicity of DPP nanocapsules was evaluated against RPE1 cell line (BJ1). The Egyptian date palm pollen grains evaluation revealed its rich content of protein and carbohydrate (36.28 and 17.14 g/ 100g), high content of Fe, Zn and Mg (226.5, 124.4 and 318 mg/100g), unsaturated fatty acids ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 (8.76, 20.26 and 7.11 g/100g, which was increased by ethanol extraction) and phenolic compounds especially catechin (191.73 μg/mL) which was pronounced in DPP antioxidant potentials (IC50 35.54 mg/g). The FTIR analyses indicated the presence of soluble amides (proteins) and polysaccharides (fibers) functional groups in DPP. Fortification with nanoencapsulated DPP proved to be safe and the recommended form due to the announced positive characteristics. Yoghurt fortification with DPP forms enhanced viscosity, syneresis and Water Holding Capacity (WHC), which can be considered a symbiotic functional product as it contained both probiotics (106 CFU/g) and prebiotics represented in DPP forms.</description><subject>Amides</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants (Nutrients)</subject><subject>Antioxidants - chemistry</subject><subject>Antioxidants - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Bioavailability</subject><subject>Biological activity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Catechin</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Curds</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Date (Fruit)</subject><subject>Dietary Carbohydrates - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Dietary minerals</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Drug Compounding - methods</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - cytology</subject><subject>Epithelial Cells - drug effects</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Fatty acids</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - chemistry</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Fibers</subject><subject>Food products</subject><subject>Food science</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Functional Food - analysis</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Gas liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Internet</subject><subject>Iron - analysis</subject><subject>Liquefied gases</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Magnesium - analysis</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nanostructures - chemistry</subject><subject>Nanostructures - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Nutrition research</subject><subject>Nutritional aspects</subject><subject>Omega 6 fatty acids</subject><subject>Phenolic compounds</subject><subject>Phenols</subject><subject>Phenols - chemistry</subject><subject>Phenols - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Phoeniceae - chemistry</subject><subject>Phoenix dactylifera</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Pollen</subject><subject>Pollen - chemistry</subject><subject>Polyphenols</subject><subject>Polysaccharides</subject><subject>Probiotics</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Retinal Pigment Epithelium - cytology</subject><subject>Retinal Pigment Epithelium - drug effects</subject><subject>Saccharides</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sensory properties</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Syneresis</subject><subject>Temperature effects</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Unsaturated fatty acids</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><subject>Yogurt</subject><subject>Yogurt - 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chemistry</topic><topic>Antioxidants - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Bioavailability</topic><topic>Biological activity</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>Catechin</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Curds</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Date (Fruit)</topic><topic>Dietary Carbohydrates - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Dietary minerals</topic><topic>Dietary supplements</topic><topic>Drug Compounding - methods</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Epithelial Cells - cytology</topic><topic>Epithelial Cells - drug effects</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Evaluation</topic><topic>Fatty acids</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - chemistry</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Fibers</topic><topic>Food products</topic><topic>Food science</topic><topic>Fourier transforms</topic><topic>Functional Food - analysis</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Gas liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>High performance liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infrared spectroscopy</topic><topic>Internet</topic><topic>Iron - analysis</topic><topic>Liquefied gases</topic><topic>Liquid chromatography</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Magnesium - analysis</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Nanostructures - chemistry</topic><topic>Nanostructures - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Nutrition research</topic><topic>Nutritional aspects</topic><topic>Omega 6 fatty acids</topic><topic>Phenolic compounds</topic><topic>Phenols</topic><topic>Phenols - chemistry</topic><topic>Phenols - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Phoeniceae - chemistry</topic><topic>Phoenix dactylifera</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - chemistry</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>El-Kholy, Wedad Mohamed</au><au>Soliman, Tarek Nour</au><au>Darwish, Amira Muhammad Galal</au><au>Elfalleh, Walid</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) encapsulation, impact on the nutritional and functional properties of fortified yoghurt</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-10-15</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>e0222789</spage><epage>e0222789</epage><pages>e0222789-e0222789</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The aim of this study was to evaluate Egyptian date palm pollen (DPP) grains composition, physical and functional potentials in comparing with two forms; 80% ethanol extract, and nanoencapsulated form. Functional yoghurt fortified with DPP in three forms was prepared and their physicochemical, microstructure, texture and sensory characteristics were assessed. The micro morphology was explored via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed for functional groups detection. Phenolic compounds were detected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) while fatty acids were identified via Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). Cytotoxicity of DPP nanocapsules was evaluated against RPE1 cell line (BJ1). The Egyptian date palm pollen grains evaluation revealed its rich content of protein and carbohydrate (36.28 and 17.14 g/ 100g), high content of Fe, Zn and Mg (226.5, 124.4 and 318 mg/100g), unsaturated fatty acids ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 (8.76, 20.26 and 7.11 g/100g, which was increased by ethanol extraction) and phenolic compounds especially catechin (191.73 μg/mL) which was pronounced in DPP antioxidant potentials (IC50 35.54 mg/g). The FTIR analyses indicated the presence of soluble amides (proteins) and polysaccharides (fibers) functional groups in DPP. Fortification with nanoencapsulated DPP proved to be safe and the recommended form due to the announced positive characteristics. Yoghurt fortification with DPP forms enhanced viscosity, syneresis and Water Holding Capacity (WHC), which can be considered a symbiotic functional product as it contained both probiotics (106 CFU/g) and prebiotics represented in DPP forms.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31613894</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0222789</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1138-9133</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-5765</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-1575</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2019-10, Vol.14 (10), p.e0222789-e0222789 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2305975472 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amides Antioxidants Antioxidants (Nutrients) Antioxidants - chemistry Antioxidants - isolation & purification Bioavailability Biological activity Biology and Life Sciences Carbohydrates Catechin Cell Line Cell Survival - drug effects Chromatography Curds Cytotoxicity Date (Fruit) Dietary Carbohydrates - isolation & purification Dietary minerals Dietary supplements Drug Compounding - methods Electron microscopy Epithelial Cells - cytology Epithelial Cells - drug effects Ethanol Evaluation Fatty acids Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - chemistry Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - isolation & purification Fibers Food products Food science Fourier transforms Functional Food - analysis Functional groups Gas liquid chromatography Genetic aspects Health aspects High performance liquid chromatography Humans Infrared spectroscopy Internet Iron - analysis Liquefied gases Liquid chromatography Magnesium Magnesium - analysis Milk Morphology Nanostructures - chemistry Nanostructures - ultrastructure Nutrition research Nutritional aspects Omega 6 fatty acids Phenolic compounds Phenols Phenols - chemistry Phenols - isolation & purification Phoeniceae - chemistry Phoenix dactylifera Physical Sciences Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Proteins - chemistry Plant Proteins - isolation & purification Pollen Pollen - chemistry Polyphenols Polysaccharides Probiotics Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Retinal Pigment Epithelium - cytology Retinal Pigment Epithelium - drug effects Saccharides Scanning electron microscopy Sensory properties Sodium Spectroscopy Syneresis Temperature effects Toxicity Unsaturated fatty acids Viscosity Yogurt Yogurt - analysis Zinc Zinc - analysis |
| title | Evaluation of date palm pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) encapsulation, impact on the nutritional and functional properties of fortified yoghurt |
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