Imaging disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis by macrophage targeting using second generation translocator protein positron emission tomography tracers
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of macrophages using the translocator protein (TSPO) tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 has shown the promise to image rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further improve TSPO PET for RA imaging, second generation TSPO tracers [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 have recently bee...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2019-09, Vol.14 (9), p.e0222844-e0222844 |
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| creator | Bruijnen, S T G Verweij, N J F Gent, Y Y J Huisman, M C Windhorst, A D Kassiou, M van de Ven, P M Lammertsma, A A Hoekstra, O S Voskuyl, A E van der Laken, C J |
| description | Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of macrophages using the translocator protein (TSPO) tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 has shown the promise to image rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further improve TSPO PET for RA imaging, second generation TSPO tracers [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 have recently been evaluated pre-clinically showing better imaging characteristics.
A clinical proof of concept study to evaluate [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 to visualize arthritis in RA patients.
RA patients (n = 13) with at least two active hand joints were included. PET/CT scans of the hands were obtained after injection of [18F]DPA-714, [11C]DPA-713 and/or (R)-[11C]PK11195 (max. 2 tracers pp). Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and target-to-background (T/B) ratios were determined. Imaging data of the 3 different tracers were compared by pooled post-hoc testing, and by a head to head comparison.
Clinically active arthritis was present in 110 hand joints (2-17 pp). Arthritic joints were visualized with both [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714. Visual tracer uptake corresponded with clinical signs of arthritis in 80% of the joints. Mean absolute uptake in PET-positive joints was significantly higher for [11C]DPA-713 than for [18F]DPA-714, the latter being not significantly different from (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake. Background uptake was lower for both DPA tracers compared with that of (R)-[11C]PK11195. Higher absolute uptake and lower background resulted in two-fold higher T/B ratios for [11C]DPA-713.
[11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 visualize arthritic joints in active RA patients and most optimal arthritis imaging results were obtained for [11C]DPA-713. Second generation TSPO macrophage PET provides new opportunities for both early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of RA. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0222844 |
| format | Article |
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A clinical proof of concept study to evaluate [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 to visualize arthritis in RA patients.
RA patients (n = 13) with at least two active hand joints were included. PET/CT scans of the hands were obtained after injection of [18F]DPA-714, [11C]DPA-713 and/or (R)-[11C]PK11195 (max. 2 tracers pp). Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and target-to-background (T/B) ratios were determined. Imaging data of the 3 different tracers were compared by pooled post-hoc testing, and by a head to head comparison.
Clinically active arthritis was present in 110 hand joints (2-17 pp). Arthritic joints were visualized with both [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714. Visual tracer uptake corresponded with clinical signs of arthritis in 80% of the joints. Mean absolute uptake in PET-positive joints was significantly higher for [11C]DPA-713 than for [18F]DPA-714, the latter being not significantly different from (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake. Background uptake was lower for both DPA tracers compared with that of (R)-[11C]PK11195. Higher absolute uptake and lower background resulted in two-fold higher T/B ratios for [11C]DPA-713.
[11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 visualize arthritic joints in active RA patients and most optimal arthritis imaging results were obtained for [11C]DPA-713. Second generation TSPO macrophage PET provides new opportunities for both early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of RA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222844</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31553762</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aged ; Amides ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - blood ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis ; Autoimmune diseases ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Care and treatment ; Computed tomography ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Emissions ; Female ; Fluorine isotopes ; Genetic aspects ; Good Manufacturing Practice ; Hand Joints - cytology ; Hand Joints - diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Immunology ; Isoquinolines ; Joint diseases ; Joints (anatomy) ; Ligands ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - metabolism ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Imaging - methods ; Nuclear medicine ; Patients ; Polymorphism ; Positron emission ; Positron emission tomography ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography - methods ; Proof of Concept Study ; Proteins ; Pyrazoles - pharmacology ; Pyrimidines - pharmacology ; Radiopharmaceuticals - pharmacology ; Receptors, GABA - metabolism ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Rheumatoid factor ; Rheumatology ; Sport utility vehicles ; Studies ; Tomography ; Tracers ; Tracers (Biology) ; Translocations (Genetics)</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-09, Vol.14 (9), p.e0222844-e0222844</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Bruijnen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Bruijnen et al 2019 Bruijnen et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-dabf75248bacaaf9f975c1286646d9fee655567c017968f0c5d264a89642ec493</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-dabf75248bacaaf9f975c1286646d9fee655567c017968f0c5d264a89642ec493</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2155-4929</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6760780/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6760780/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31553762$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Woloschak, Gayle E.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Bruijnen, S T G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verweij, N J F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gent, Y Y J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huisman, M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Windhorst, A D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kassiou, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van de Ven, P M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lammertsma, A A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoekstra, O S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voskuyl, A E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Laken, C J</creatorcontrib><title>Imaging disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis by macrophage targeting using second generation translocator protein positron emission tomography tracers</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of macrophages using the translocator protein (TSPO) tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 has shown the promise to image rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further improve TSPO PET for RA imaging, second generation TSPO tracers [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 have recently been evaluated pre-clinically showing better imaging characteristics.
A clinical proof of concept study to evaluate [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 to visualize arthritis in RA patients.
RA patients (n = 13) with at least two active hand joints were included. PET/CT scans of the hands were obtained after injection of [18F]DPA-714, [11C]DPA-713 and/or (R)-[11C]PK11195 (max. 2 tracers pp). Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and target-to-background (T/B) ratios were determined. Imaging data of the 3 different tracers were compared by pooled post-hoc testing, and by a head to head comparison.
Clinically active arthritis was present in 110 hand joints (2-17 pp). Arthritic joints were visualized with both [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714. Visual tracer uptake corresponded with clinical signs of arthritis in 80% of the joints. Mean absolute uptake in PET-positive joints was significantly higher for [11C]DPA-713 than for [18F]DPA-714, the latter being not significantly different from (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake. Background uptake was lower for both DPA tracers compared with that of (R)-[11C]PK11195. Higher absolute uptake and lower background resulted in two-fold higher T/B ratios for [11C]DPA-713.
[11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 visualize arthritic joints in active RA patients and most optimal arthritis imaging results were obtained for [11C]DPA-713. Second generation TSPO macrophage PET provides new opportunities for both early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of RA.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Amides</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - blood</subject><subject>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis</subject><subject>Autoimmune diseases</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Early Diagnosis</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fluorine isotopes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Good Manufacturing Practice</subject><subject>Hand Joints - cytology</subject><subject>Hand Joints - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Isoquinolines</subject><subject>Joint diseases</subject><subject>Joints (anatomy)</subject><subject>Ligands</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Macrophages - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Molecular Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Nuclear medicine</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Polymorphism</subject><subject>Positron emission</subject><subject>Positron emission tomography</subject><subject>Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography - methods</subject><subject>Proof of Concept Study</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Pyrazoles - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pyrimidines - pharmacology</subject><subject>Radiopharmaceuticals - pharmacology</subject><subject>Receptors, GABA - metabolism</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Rheumatoid arthritis</subject><subject>Rheumatoid factor</subject><subject>Rheumatology</subject><subject>Sport utility vehicles</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><subject>Tracers</subject><subject>Tracers (Biology)</subject><subject>Translocations (Genetics)</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9tq3DAQhk1padK0b1BaQ6G0F7uVZVmybwoh9LAQCPR0K8by2FawLUeSQ_dV-rSVd52wW3JRDLKQvvml-UcTRS8Tsk5SkXy4NpMdoFuPZsA1oZTmjD2KTpMipStOSfr4YH4SPXPumpAszTl_Gp2kSZalgtPT6M-mh0YPTVxph-AwBuX1rfbb2NSxbXHqwRtdxWB9a7XXLi63cQ_KmrGFBmMPtkE_C0xuHh0qM1RxgwNa8NoMsbcwuM6ooGPj0RqPeohH47S3YRd77dwOM71pLIztdo5QaN3z6EkNncMXy_8s-vn504-Lr6vLqy-bi_PLleIF9asKylpklOUlKIC6qAuRqYSGRBmvihqRZ1nGhSKJKHheE5VVlDPIC84oKlakZ9Hrve7YGScXW52ktBAJpYLOxGZPVAau5Wh1D3YrDWi5WzC2kcEfrTqUqsiCeFklqaKsBFYWec2YKLO0poRXVdD6uJw2lT1WCoeQbnckerwz6FY25lZywYnISRB4twhYczOh8zJYqLDrYEAz7e6dJyycSQP65h_04ewWqoGQgB5qMxdgFpXnnBDBgiAP1PoBKnxVKGGoOdY6rB8FvD8KCIzH376ByTm5-f7t_9mrX8fs2wO2Reh860w3zY_NHYNsD4bH6pzF-t7khMi5he7ckHMLyaWFQtirwwLdB931TPoX-fEbSA</recordid><startdate>20190925</startdate><enddate>20190925</enddate><creator>Bruijnen, S T G</creator><creator>Verweij, N J F</creator><creator>Gent, Y Y J</creator><creator>Huisman, M C</creator><creator>Windhorst, A D</creator><creator>Kassiou, M</creator><creator>van de Ven, P M</creator><creator>Lammertsma, A A</creator><creator>Hoekstra, O S</creator><creator>Voskuyl, A E</creator><creator>van der Laken, C J</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-4929</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190925</creationdate><title>Imaging disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis by macrophage targeting using second generation translocator protein positron emission tomography tracers</title><author>Bruijnen, S T G ; Verweij, N J F ; Gent, Y Y J ; Huisman, M C ; Windhorst, A D ; Kassiou, M ; van de Ven, P M ; Lammertsma, A A ; Hoekstra, O S ; Voskuyl, A E ; van der Laken, C J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-dabf75248bacaaf9f975c1286646d9fee655567c017968f0c5d264a89642ec493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Amides</topic><topic>Arthritis</topic><topic>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - 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methods</topic><topic>Proof of Concept Study</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Pyrazoles - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pyrimidines - pharmacology</topic><topic>Radiopharmaceuticals - pharmacology</topic><topic>Receptors, GABA - metabolism</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Rheumatoid arthritis</topic><topic>Rheumatoid factor</topic><topic>Rheumatology</topic><topic>Sport utility vehicles</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><topic>Tracers</topic><topic>Tracers (Biology)</topic><topic>Translocations (Genetics)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bruijnen, S T G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verweij, N J F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gent, Y Y J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huisman, M C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Windhorst, A D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kassiou, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van de Ven, P M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lammertsma, A A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoekstra, O S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voskuyl, A E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Laken, C J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bruijnen, S T G</au><au>Verweij, N J F</au><au>Gent, Y Y J</au><au>Huisman, M C</au><au>Windhorst, A D</au><au>Kassiou, M</au><au>van de Ven, P M</au><au>Lammertsma, A A</au><au>Hoekstra, O S</au><au>Voskuyl, A E</au><au>van der Laken, C J</au><au>Woloschak, Gayle E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Imaging disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis by macrophage targeting using second generation translocator protein positron emission tomography tracers</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-09-25</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0222844</spage><epage>e0222844</epage><pages>e0222844-e0222844</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of macrophages using the translocator protein (TSPO) tracer (R)-[11C]PK11195 has shown the promise to image rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further improve TSPO PET for RA imaging, second generation TSPO tracers [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 have recently been evaluated pre-clinically showing better imaging characteristics.
A clinical proof of concept study to evaluate [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 to visualize arthritis in RA patients.
RA patients (n = 13) with at least two active hand joints were included. PET/CT scans of the hands were obtained after injection of [18F]DPA-714, [11C]DPA-713 and/or (R)-[11C]PK11195 (max. 2 tracers pp). Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and target-to-background (T/B) ratios were determined. Imaging data of the 3 different tracers were compared by pooled post-hoc testing, and by a head to head comparison.
Clinically active arthritis was present in 110 hand joints (2-17 pp). Arthritic joints were visualized with both [11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714. Visual tracer uptake corresponded with clinical signs of arthritis in 80% of the joints. Mean absolute uptake in PET-positive joints was significantly higher for [11C]DPA-713 than for [18F]DPA-714, the latter being not significantly different from (R)-[11C]PK11195 uptake. Background uptake was lower for both DPA tracers compared with that of (R)-[11C]PK11195. Higher absolute uptake and lower background resulted in two-fold higher T/B ratios for [11C]DPA-713.
[11C]DPA-713 and [18F]DPA-714 visualize arthritic joints in active RA patients and most optimal arthritis imaging results were obtained for [11C]DPA-713. Second generation TSPO macrophage PET provides new opportunities for both early diagnosis and therapy monitoring of RA.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31553762</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0222844</doi><tpages>e0222844</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-4929</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2019-09, Vol.14 (9), p.e0222844-e0222844 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2297122729 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; PMC (PubMed Central); DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Aged Amides Arthritis Arthritis, Rheumatoid - blood Arthritis, Rheumatoid - diagnosis Autoimmune diseases Biology and Life Sciences Care and treatment Computed tomography Diagnosis Early Diagnosis Emissions Female Fluorine isotopes Genetic aspects Good Manufacturing Practice Hand Joints - cytology Hand Joints - diagnostic imaging Humans Immunology Isoquinolines Joint diseases Joints (anatomy) Ligands Macrophages Macrophages - metabolism Male Medical imaging Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Molecular Imaging - methods Nuclear medicine Patients Polymorphism Positron emission Positron emission tomography Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography - methods Proof of Concept Study Proteins Pyrazoles - pharmacology Pyrimidines - pharmacology Radiopharmaceuticals - pharmacology Receptors, GABA - metabolism Research and Analysis Methods Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid factor Rheumatology Sport utility vehicles Studies Tomography Tracers Tracers (Biology) Translocations (Genetics) |
| title | Imaging disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis by macrophage targeting using second generation translocator protein positron emission tomography tracers |
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