Seasonality of antenatal care attendance, maternal dietary intake, and fetal growth in the VHEMBE birth cohort, South Africa
Seasonality of food availability, physical activity, and infections commonly occurs within rural communities in low and middle-income countries with distinct rainy seasons. To better understand the implications of these regularly occurring environmental stressors for maternal and child health, this...
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| creator | Fahey, Carolyn A Chevrier, Jonathan Crause, Madelein Obida, Muvhulawa Bornman, Riana Eskenazi, Brenda |
| description | Seasonality of food availability, physical activity, and infections commonly occurs within rural communities in low and middle-income countries with distinct rainy seasons. To better understand the implications of these regularly occurring environmental stressors for maternal and child health, this study examined seasonal variation in nutrition and health care access of pregnant women and infants in rural South Africa.
We analyzed data from the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study of 752 mother-infant pairs recruited at delivery from August 2012 to December 2013 in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, the northernmost region of South Africa. We used truncated Fourier series regression to assess seasonality of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, dietary intake, and birth size. We additionally regressed ANC attendance on daily rainfall values. Models included adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics.
Maternal ANC attendance, dietary composition, and infant birth size exhibited significant seasonal variation in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Adequate frequency of ANC attendance during pregnancy (≥ 4 visits) was highest among women delivering during the gardening season and lowest during the lean (rainy) season. High rainfall during the third trimester was also negatively associated with adequate ANC attendance (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86). Carbohydrate intake declined during the harvest season and increased during the vegetable gardening and lean seasons, while fat intake followed the opposite trend. Infant birth weight, length, and head circumference z-scores peaked following the gardening season and were lowest after the harvest season. Maternal protein intake and ANC ≤ 12 weeks did not significantly vary by season or rainfall.
Seasonal patterns were apparent in ANC utilization, dietary intake, and fetal growth in rural South Africa. Interventions to promote maternal and child health in similar settings should consider seasonal factors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0222888 |
| format | Article |
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We analyzed data from the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study of 752 mother-infant pairs recruited at delivery from August 2012 to December 2013 in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, the northernmost region of South Africa. We used truncated Fourier series regression to assess seasonality of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, dietary intake, and birth size. We additionally regressed ANC attendance on daily rainfall values. Models included adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics.
Maternal ANC attendance, dietary composition, and infant birth size exhibited significant seasonal variation in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Adequate frequency of ANC attendance during pregnancy (≥ 4 visits) was highest among women delivering during the gardening season and lowest during the lean (rainy) season. High rainfall during the third trimester was also negatively associated with adequate ANC attendance (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86). Carbohydrate intake declined during the harvest season and increased during the vegetable gardening and lean seasons, while fat intake followed the opposite trend. Infant birth weight, length, and head circumference z-scores peaked following the gardening season and were lowest after the harvest season. Maternal protein intake and ANC ≤ 12 weeks did not significantly vary by season or rainfall.
Seasonal patterns were apparent in ANC utilization, dietary intake, and fetal growth in rural South Africa. Interventions to promote maternal and child health in similar settings should consider seasonal factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222888</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31553767</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis ; Annual variations ; Babies ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Birth Weight ; Carbohydrates ; Child health ; Childbirth & labor ; Children ; Climate change ; Daily precipitation ; Diet ; Dietary intake ; Dietary supplements ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental research ; Environmental stress ; Exercise ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetuses ; Food ; Food and nutrition ; Food availability ; Fourier series ; Frequency analysis ; Gardening ; Gardens & gardening ; Gestational Age ; Global positioning systems ; GPS ; Gynecology ; Harvest ; Health ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Infection ; Malaria ; Management ; Market prices ; Maternal & child health ; Maternal-Fetal Relations - physiology ; Medical records ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mother-infant relations ; Mothers - statistics & numerical data ; Nutrition ; Nutritional Status ; Obstetrics ; Parasitic diseases ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data ; People and Places ; Physical activity ; Physical fitness ; Physical Sciences ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy complications ; Pregnant women ; Prenatal care ; Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data ; Public health ; Rain ; Rainfall ; Rainy season ; Regression analysis ; Rural areas ; Rural communities ; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data ; Seasonal variations ; Seasons ; South Africa ; Studies ; Trends ; Vegetable gardening ; Women ; Womens health ; Young Adult]]></subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-09, Vol.14 (9), p.e0222888</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Fahey et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Fahey et al 2019 Fahey et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-e5b9b05d6fc9cf5f1955cfa00fcdad164f6f0bfb5736ea8cb333d5a590e7593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-e5b9b05d6fc9cf5f1955cfa00fcdad164f6f0bfb5736ea8cb333d5a590e7593</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9865-2397</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6760765/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6760765/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23864,27922,27923,53789,53791,79370,79371</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31553767$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Farias, Dayana</contributor><creatorcontrib>Fahey, Carolyn A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chevrier, Jonathan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Crause, Madelein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obida, Muvhulawa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bornman, Riana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eskenazi, Brenda</creatorcontrib><title>Seasonality of antenatal care attendance, maternal dietary intake, and fetal growth in the VHEMBE birth cohort, South Africa</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Seasonality of food availability, physical activity, and infections commonly occurs within rural communities in low and middle-income countries with distinct rainy seasons. To better understand the implications of these regularly occurring environmental stressors for maternal and child health, this study examined seasonal variation in nutrition and health care access of pregnant women and infants in rural South Africa.
We analyzed data from the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study of 752 mother-infant pairs recruited at delivery from August 2012 to December 2013 in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, the northernmost region of South Africa. We used truncated Fourier series regression to assess seasonality of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, dietary intake, and birth size. We additionally regressed ANC attendance on daily rainfall values. Models included adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics.
Maternal ANC attendance, dietary composition, and infant birth size exhibited significant seasonal variation in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Adequate frequency of ANC attendance during pregnancy (≥ 4 visits) was highest among women delivering during the gardening season and lowest during the lean (rainy) season. High rainfall during the third trimester was also negatively associated with adequate ANC attendance (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86). Carbohydrate intake declined during the harvest season and increased during the vegetable gardening and lean seasons, while fat intake followed the opposite trend. Infant birth weight, length, and head circumference z-scores peaked following the gardening season and were lowest after the harvest season. Maternal protein intake and ANC ≤ 12 weeks did not significantly vary by season or rainfall.
Seasonal patterns were apparent in ANC utilization, dietary intake, and fetal growth in rural South Africa. Interventions to promote maternal and child health in similar settings should consider seasonal factors.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Annual variations</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Birth Weight</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Child health</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Daily precipitation</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary intake</subject><subject>Dietary supplements</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental research</subject><subject>Environmental stress</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetal Development</subject><subject>Fetuses</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food and nutrition</subject><subject>Food availability</subject><subject>Fourier series</subject><subject>Frequency analysis</subject><subject>Gardening</subject><subject>Gardens & gardening</subject><subject>Gestational Age</subject><subject>Global positioning systems</subject><subject>GPS</subject><subject>Gynecology</subject><subject>Harvest</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Malaria</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Market prices</subject><subject>Maternal & child health</subject><subject>Maternal-Fetal Relations - physiology</subject><subject>Medical records</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mother-infant relations</subject><subject>Mothers - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Nutritional Status</subject><subject>Obstetrics</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy complications</subject><subject>Pregnant women</subject><subject>Prenatal care</subject><subject>Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rainfall</subject><subject>Rainy season</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Rural communities</subject><subject>Rural Population - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Seasonal variations</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>South Africa</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Vegetable gardening</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young 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Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental research</topic><topic>Environmental stress</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Feeding Behavior</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetal Development</topic><topic>Fetuses</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food and nutrition</topic><topic>Food availability</topic><topic>Fourier series</topic><topic>Frequency analysis</topic><topic>Gardening</topic><topic>Gardens & gardening</topic><topic>Gestational Age</topic><topic>Global positioning systems</topic><topic>GPS</topic><topic>Gynecology</topic><topic>Harvest</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Malaria</topic><topic>Management</topic><topic>Market prices</topic><topic>Maternal & child health</topic><topic>Maternal-Fetal Relations - physiology</topic><topic>Medical records</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mother-infant relations</topic><topic>Mothers - 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Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fahey, Carolyn A</au><au>Chevrier, Jonathan</au><au>Crause, Madelein</au><au>Obida, Muvhulawa</au><au>Bornman, Riana</au><au>Eskenazi, Brenda</au><au>Farias, Dayana</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Seasonality of antenatal care attendance, maternal dietary intake, and fetal growth in the VHEMBE birth cohort, South Africa</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-09-25</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0222888</spage><pages>e0222888-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Seasonality of food availability, physical activity, and infections commonly occurs within rural communities in low and middle-income countries with distinct rainy seasons. To better understand the implications of these regularly occurring environmental stressors for maternal and child health, this study examined seasonal variation in nutrition and health care access of pregnant women and infants in rural South Africa.
We analyzed data from the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and their Environment (VHEMBE) birth cohort study of 752 mother-infant pairs recruited at delivery from August 2012 to December 2013 in the Vhembe District of Limpopo Province, the northernmost region of South Africa. We used truncated Fourier series regression to assess seasonality of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, dietary intake, and birth size. We additionally regressed ANC attendance on daily rainfall values. Models included adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics.
Maternal ANC attendance, dietary composition, and infant birth size exhibited significant seasonal variation in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Adequate frequency of ANC attendance during pregnancy (≥ 4 visits) was highest among women delivering during the gardening season and lowest during the lean (rainy) season. High rainfall during the third trimester was also negatively associated with adequate ANC attendance (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.86). Carbohydrate intake declined during the harvest season and increased during the vegetable gardening and lean seasons, while fat intake followed the opposite trend. Infant birth weight, length, and head circumference z-scores peaked following the gardening season and were lowest after the harvest season. Maternal protein intake and ANC ≤ 12 weeks did not significantly vary by season or rainfall.
Seasonal patterns were apparent in ANC utilization, dietary intake, and fetal growth in rural South Africa. Interventions to promote maternal and child health in similar settings should consider seasonal factors.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31553767</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0222888</doi><tpages>e0222888</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9865-2397</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2019-09, Vol.14 (9), p.e0222888 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2297122485 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Analysis Annual variations Babies Biology and Life Sciences Birth Weight Carbohydrates Child health Childbirth & labor Children Climate change Daily precipitation Diet Dietary intake Dietary supplements Earth Sciences Environmental research Environmental stress Exercise Feeding Behavior Female Fetal Development Fetuses Food Food and nutrition Food availability Fourier series Frequency analysis Gardening Gardens & gardening Gestational Age Global positioning systems GPS Gynecology Harvest Health Hospitals Humans Infant, Newborn Infants Infection Malaria Management Market prices Maternal & child health Maternal-Fetal Relations - physiology Medical records Medicine and Health Sciences Mother-infant relations Mothers - statistics & numerical data Nutrition Nutritional Status Obstetrics Parasitic diseases Patient Acceptance of Health Care - statistics & numerical data People and Places Physical activity Physical fitness Physical Sciences Pregnancy Pregnancy complications Pregnant women Prenatal care Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data Public health Rain Rainfall Rainy season Regression analysis Rural areas Rural communities Rural Population - statistics & numerical data Seasonal variations Seasons South Africa Studies Trends Vegetable gardening Women Womens health Young Adult |
| title | Seasonality of antenatal care attendance, maternal dietary intake, and fetal growth in the VHEMBE birth cohort, South Africa |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T15%3A52%3A48IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Seasonality%20of%20antenatal%20care%20attendance,%20maternal%20dietary%20intake,%20and%20fetal%20growth%20in%20the%20VHEMBE%20birth%20cohort,%20South%20Africa&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Fahey,%20Carolyn%20A&rft.date=2019-09-25&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0222888&rft.pages=e0222888-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0222888&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA600743009%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2297122485&rft_id=info:pmid/31553767&rft_galeid=A600743009&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_3ac2ef1738f44f7299497abb125a487d&rfr_iscdi=true |