The effect of donation activity dwarfs the effect of lifestyle, diet and targeted iron supplementation on blood donor iron stores
The iron status of blood donors is a subject of concern for blood establishments. The Finnish Red Cross Blood Service addresses iron loss in blood donors by proposing systematic iron supplementation for demographic at-risk donor groups. We measured blood count, ferritin and soluble transferrin recep...
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| description | The iron status of blood donors is a subject of concern for blood establishments. The Finnish Red Cross Blood Service addresses iron loss in blood donors by proposing systematic iron supplementation for demographic at-risk donor groups. We measured blood count, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and acquired lifestyle and health information from 2200 blood donors of the FinDonor 10000 cohort. We used modern data analysis methods to estimate iron status and factors affecting it with a special focus on the effects of the blood service's iron supplementation policy. Low ferritin (< 15 μg/L), an indicator of low iron stores, was present in 20.6% of pre-menopausal women, 10.6% of post-menopausal women and 6% of men. Anemia co-occurred with iron deficiency more frequently in pre-menopausal women (21 out of 25 cases) than in men (3/6) or post-menopausal women (1/2). In multivariable regression analyses, lifestyle, dietary, and blood donation factors explained up to 38% of the variance in ferritin levels but only ~10% of the variance in sTfR levels. Days since previous donation were positively associated with ferritin levels in all groups while the number of donations during the past 2 years was negatively associated with ferritin levels in pre-menopausal women and men. FRCBS-provided iron supplementation was negatively associated with ferritin levels in men only. Relative importance analyses showed that donation activity accounted for most of the explained variance in ferritin levels while iron supplementation explained less than 1%. Variation in ferritin levels was not significantly associated with variation in self-reported health. Donation activity was the most important factor affecting blood donor iron levels, far ahead of e.g. red-meat consumption or iron supplementation. Importantly, self-reported health of donors with lower iron stores was not lower than self-reported health of donors with higher iron stores. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0220862 |
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The Finnish Red Cross Blood Service addresses iron loss in blood donors by proposing systematic iron supplementation for demographic at-risk donor groups. We measured blood count, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and acquired lifestyle and health information from 2200 blood donors of the FinDonor 10000 cohort. We used modern data analysis methods to estimate iron status and factors affecting it with a special focus on the effects of the blood service's iron supplementation policy. Low ferritin (< 15 μg/L), an indicator of low iron stores, was present in 20.6% of pre-menopausal women, 10.6% of post-menopausal women and 6% of men. Anemia co-occurred with iron deficiency more frequently in pre-menopausal women (21 out of 25 cases) than in men (3/6) or post-menopausal women (1/2). In multivariable regression analyses, lifestyle, dietary, and blood donation factors explained up to 38% of the variance in ferritin levels but only ~10% of the variance in sTfR levels. Days since previous donation were positively associated with ferritin levels in all groups while the number of donations during the past 2 years was negatively associated with ferritin levels in pre-menopausal women and men. FRCBS-provided iron supplementation was negatively associated with ferritin levels in men only. Relative importance analyses showed that donation activity accounted for most of the explained variance in ferritin levels while iron supplementation explained less than 1%. Variation in ferritin levels was not significantly associated with variation in self-reported health. Donation activity was the most important factor affecting blood donor iron levels, far ahead of e.g. red-meat consumption or iron supplementation. Importantly, self-reported health of donors with lower iron stores was not lower than self-reported health of donors with higher iron stores.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220862</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31408501</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Alcohol ; Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - blood ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood ; Blood & organ donations ; Blood banks ; Blood donation ; Blood donors ; Blood Donors - statistics & numerical data ; Complications and side effects ; Core loss ; Data analysis ; Demographic aspects ; Demographics ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Ferritin ; Ferritins - blood ; Health ; Health Status ; Hemoglobin ; Humans ; Information management ; Iron ; Iron Compounds - therapeutic use ; Iron deficiency ; Iron deficiency anemia ; Iron deficiency diseases ; Laboratories ; Life Style ; Lifestyles ; Male ; Meat ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Nutrient deficiency ; Population ; Postmenopausal women ; Questionnaires ; R&D ; Receptors, Transferrin - blood ; Regression analysis ; Research & development ; Risk factors ; Sex Factors ; Stores ; Studies ; Systematic review ; Transferrin ; Transferrins ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e0220862</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Lobier et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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The Finnish Red Cross Blood Service addresses iron loss in blood donors by proposing systematic iron supplementation for demographic at-risk donor groups. We measured blood count, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and acquired lifestyle and health information from 2200 blood donors of the FinDonor 10000 cohort. We used modern data analysis methods to estimate iron status and factors affecting it with a special focus on the effects of the blood service's iron supplementation policy. Low ferritin (< 15 μg/L), an indicator of low iron stores, was present in 20.6% of pre-menopausal women, 10.6% of post-menopausal women and 6% of men. Anemia co-occurred with iron deficiency more frequently in pre-menopausal women (21 out of 25 cases) than in men (3/6) or post-menopausal women (1/2). In multivariable regression analyses, lifestyle, dietary, and blood donation factors explained up to 38% of the variance in ferritin levels but only ~10% of the variance in sTfR levels. Days since previous donation were positively associated with ferritin levels in all groups while the number of donations during the past 2 years was negatively associated with ferritin levels in pre-menopausal women and men. FRCBS-provided iron supplementation was negatively associated with ferritin levels in men only. Relative importance analyses showed that donation activity accounted for most of the explained variance in ferritin levels while iron supplementation explained less than 1%. Variation in ferritin levels was not significantly associated with variation in self-reported health. Donation activity was the most important factor affecting blood donor iron levels, far ahead of e.g. red-meat consumption or iron supplementation. 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lobier, Muriel</au><au>Castrén, Johanna</au><au>Niittymäki, Pia</au><au>Palokangas, Elina</au><au>Partanen, Jukka</au><au>Arvas, Mikko</au><au>Murray-Kolb, Laura E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The effect of donation activity dwarfs the effect of lifestyle, diet and targeted iron supplementation on blood donor iron stores</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-08-13</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0220862</spage><pages>e0220862-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The iron status of blood donors is a subject of concern for blood establishments. The Finnish Red Cross Blood Service addresses iron loss in blood donors by proposing systematic iron supplementation for demographic at-risk donor groups. We measured blood count, ferritin and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) and acquired lifestyle and health information from 2200 blood donors of the FinDonor 10000 cohort. We used modern data analysis methods to estimate iron status and factors affecting it with a special focus on the effects of the blood service's iron supplementation policy. Low ferritin (< 15 μg/L), an indicator of low iron stores, was present in 20.6% of pre-menopausal women, 10.6% of post-menopausal women and 6% of men. Anemia co-occurred with iron deficiency more frequently in pre-menopausal women (21 out of 25 cases) than in men (3/6) or post-menopausal women (1/2). In multivariable regression analyses, lifestyle, dietary, and blood donation factors explained up to 38% of the variance in ferritin levels but only ~10% of the variance in sTfR levels. Days since previous donation were positively associated with ferritin levels in all groups while the number of donations during the past 2 years was negatively associated with ferritin levels in pre-menopausal women and men. FRCBS-provided iron supplementation was negatively associated with ferritin levels in men only. Relative importance analyses showed that donation activity accounted for most of the explained variance in ferritin levels while iron supplementation explained less than 1%. Variation in ferritin levels was not significantly associated with variation in self-reported health. Donation activity was the most important factor affecting blood donor iron levels, far ahead of e.g. red-meat consumption or iron supplementation. Importantly, self-reported health of donors with lower iron stores was not lower than self-reported health of donors with higher iron stores.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31408501</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0220862</doi><tpages>e0220862</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1174-1288</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2272720912 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Factors Aged Alcohol Anemia Anemia, Iron-Deficiency - blood Biology and Life Sciences Blood Blood & organ donations Blood banks Blood donation Blood donors Blood Donors - statistics & numerical data Complications and side effects Core loss Data analysis Demographic aspects Demographics Diet Dietary Supplements Female Ferritin Ferritins - blood Health Health Status Hemoglobin Humans Information management Iron Iron Compounds - therapeutic use Iron deficiency Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency diseases Laboratories Life Style Lifestyles Male Meat Medicine and Health Sciences Menopause Middle Aged Nutrient deficiency Population Postmenopausal women Questionnaires R&D Receptors, Transferrin - blood Regression analysis Research & development Risk factors Sex Factors Stores Studies Systematic review Transferrin Transferrins Young Adult |
| title | The effect of donation activity dwarfs the effect of lifestyle, diet and targeted iron supplementation on blood donor iron stores |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-20T12%3A16%3A47IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20effect%20of%20donation%20activity%20dwarfs%20the%20effect%20of%20lifestyle,%20diet%20and%20targeted%20iron%20supplementation%20on%20blood%20donor%20iron%20stores&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Lobier,%20Muriel&rft.date=2019-08-13&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0220862&rft.pages=e0220862-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0220862&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA596367457%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2272720912&rft_id=info:pmid/31408501&rft_galeid=A596367457&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_709b96099a7a46318f3efa2220f4cbb8&rfr_iscdi=true |