Utilisation of the STEAP protein family in a diagnostic setting may provide a more comprehensive prognosis of prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide; however, few patients are affected by clinically significant disease within their lifetime. Unfortunately, the means to discriminate between patients with indolent disease and those who progress to aggressive prostate cance...
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| creator | Burnell, Stephanie E A Spencer-Harty, Samantha Howarth, Suzie Bodger, Owen Kynaston, Howard Morgan, Claire Doak, Shareen H |
| description | Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men worldwide; however, few patients are affected by clinically significant disease within their lifetime. Unfortunately, the means to discriminate between patients with indolent disease and those who progress to aggressive prostate cancer is currently unavailable, resulting in over-treatment of patients. We therefore aimed to determine biomarkers of prostate cancer that can be used in the clinic to aid the diagnosis and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out on prostate cancer specimens with a range of Gleason scores. Samples were stained and analysed for intensity of the Seven Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP)-1, -2, -3, -4 and the Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) proteins to determine suitable biomarkers for classification of patients likely to develop aggressive prostate cancer. Additionally, these proteins were also analysed to determine whether any would be able to predict future relapse using Kaplan Meier analysis. Data generated demonstrated that the protein expression levels of STEAP2 correlated significantly with Gleason score; furthermore, STEAP4 was a significant predictor of relapse. This data indicates that STEAP2 could be potential prognostic candidate for use in combination with the current prostate cancer detection methods and the presence of STEAP4 could be an indicator of possible relapse. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0220456 |
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Unfortunately, the means to discriminate between patients with indolent disease and those who progress to aggressive prostate cancer is currently unavailable, resulting in over-treatment of patients. We therefore aimed to determine biomarkers of prostate cancer that can be used in the clinic to aid the diagnosis and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out on prostate cancer specimens with a range of Gleason scores. Samples were stained and analysed for intensity of the Seven Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP)-1, -2, -3, -4 and the Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) proteins to determine suitable biomarkers for classification of patients likely to develop aggressive prostate cancer. Additionally, these proteins were also analysed to determine whether any would be able to predict future relapse using Kaplan Meier analysis. Data generated demonstrated that the protein expression levels of STEAP2 correlated significantly with Gleason score; furthermore, STEAP4 was a significant predictor of relapse. This data indicates that STEAP2 could be potential prognostic candidate for use in combination with the current prostate cancer detection methods and the presence of STEAP4 could be an indicator of possible relapse.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220456</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31393902</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens ; Antigens, Neoplasm - biosynthesis ; Bioindicators ; Biological markers ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomarkers ; Cancer diagnosis ; Cancer patients ; Care and treatment ; Cell cycle ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic systems ; Divalent metal transporter-1 ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Health aspects ; Homeostasis ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insulin ; Kinases ; Life sciences ; Localization ; Male ; Medical diagnosis ; Medical prognosis ; Medical schools ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Proteins - biosynthesis ; Oxidoreductases - biosynthesis ; Patients ; Physical Sciences ; Prognosis ; Prostate - metabolism ; Prostate - pathology ; Prostate cancer ; Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Transcription Factors - biosynthesis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e0220456-e0220456</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Burnell et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Unfortunately, the means to discriminate between patients with indolent disease and those who progress to aggressive prostate cancer is currently unavailable, resulting in over-treatment of patients. We therefore aimed to determine biomarkers of prostate cancer that can be used in the clinic to aid the diagnosis and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out on prostate cancer specimens with a range of Gleason scores. Samples were stained and analysed for intensity of the Seven Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate (STEAP)-1, -2, -3, -4 and the Divalent Metal Transporter 1 (DMT1) proteins to determine suitable biomarkers for classification of patients likely to develop aggressive prostate cancer. Additionally, these proteins were also analysed to determine whether any would be able to predict future relapse using Kaplan Meier analysis. Data generated demonstrated that the protein expression levels of STEAP2 correlated significantly with Gleason score; furthermore, STEAP4 was a significant predictor of relapse. This data indicates that STEAP2 could be potential prognostic candidate for use in combination with the current prostate cancer detection methods and the presence of STEAP4 could be an indicator of possible relapse.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31393902</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0220456</doi><tpages>e0220456</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3920-6180</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antigens Antigens, Neoplasm - biosynthesis Bioindicators Biological markers Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers Cancer diagnosis Cancer patients Care and treatment Cell cycle Diagnosis Diagnostic systems Divalent metal transporter-1 Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic Health aspects Homeostasis Hospitals Humans Immunohistochemistry Insulin Kinases Life sciences Localization Male Medical diagnosis Medical prognosis Medical schools Medicine and Health Sciences Metabolism Middle Aged Neoplasm Proteins - biosynthesis Oxidoreductases - biosynthesis Patients Physical Sciences Prognosis Prostate - metabolism Prostate - pathology Prostate cancer Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnosis Prostatic Neoplasms - metabolism Prostatic Neoplasms - pathology Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Transcription Factors - biosynthesis |
| title | Utilisation of the STEAP protein family in a diagnostic setting may provide a more comprehensive prognosis of prostate cancer |
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