Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Although caring for a child with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can have positive outcomes, parents may be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety, due to a number of associated stressors, such as increased caregiver demands and financial strain. This systematic review updates...
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| description | Although caring for a child with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can have positive outcomes, parents may be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety, due to a number of associated stressors, such as increased caregiver demands and financial strain. This systematic review updates previous data, exploring the relationship between parenting a child with IDD and parental depression and anxiety.
Five electronic databases were searched for eligible English-language articles, published between January 2004 and July 2018. All epidemiological study designs were eligible, provided the level of depression and/or anxiety was compared between parents of children (aged |
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Five electronic databases were searched for eligible English-language articles, published between January 2004 and July 2018. All epidemiological study designs were eligible, provided the level of depression and/or anxiety was compared between parents of children (aged <18) with and without IDD. No limit was placed on geographic location. The proportion of positive associations between parenting a child with IDD and depression/anxiety were disaggregated by disability type, geographic region, and sample size. The percentage of parents at risk of moderate depression or anxiety were calculated using recognised clinical cut-off scores for each screening tool. Meta-analyses, in which pooled effect sizes of elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were calculated, were conducted across two IDD conditions, autism and cerebral palsy.
Of the 5,839 unique records screened, 19 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income (n = 8, 42%) or upper-middle income countries (n = 10, 53%). Of the 19 studies, 69% focused on parents of children with cerebral palsy (n = 7, 37%) or autism (n = 6, 32%). Nearly all studies found a positive association between parenting a child with IDD and depression (n = 18, 95%) and anxiety (n = 9, 90%) symptoms. Factors associated with higher levels of depression symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD included disability severity (n = 8, 78%) and lower household income (n = 4, 80%). Approximately one third (31%) of parents of children with IDD reach the clinical cut-off score for moderate depression, compared with 7% of parents of children without IDD. 31% of parents of children with IDD reach the cut-off score for moderate anxiety, compared with 14% of parents of children without IDD. The meta-analyses demonstrated moderate effect sizes for elevated depression amongst parents of children with autism and cerebral palsy.
Results indicate elevated levels of depressive symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD. Quality concerns amongst the existing literature support the need for further research, especially in low- and middle-income countries.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219888</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31361768</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Analysis ; Anxiety ; Anxiety - epidemiology ; Anxiety - etiology ; Autism ; Autistic Disorder - psychology ; Bibliographic data bases ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Caregivers ; Cerebral palsied children ; Cerebral palsy ; Cerebral Palsy - psychology ; Child ; Child development ; Child health ; Children ; Children & youth ; Depression (Mood disorder) ; Developmental disabilities ; Developmental Disabilities - psychology ; Disabilities ; Epidemiology ; Families & family life ; Female ; Geographical locations ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Income ; Intellectual disabilities ; Intellectual Disability - psychology ; Levels ; Male ; Mathematical analysis ; Medical screening ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mental depression ; Meta-analysis ; Mothers ; Paralysis ; Parent-child relations ; Parents ; Parents & parenting ; Parents - psychology ; People and Places ; Physical Sciences ; Psychological aspects ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk factors ; Sample Size ; Social Sciences ; Stress ; Studies ; Systematic review ; Upgrading</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-07, Vol.14 (7), p.e0219888-e0219888</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Scherer et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Scherer et al 2019 Scherer et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6588-e317611e1d5ba195cba1dacb8dcdeece43be1ff5b01e3fc73e954324797e4dca3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6588-e317611e1d5ba195cba1dacb8dcdeece43be1ff5b01e3fc73e954324797e4dca3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1846-8691</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667144/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6667144/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23871,27929,27930,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31361768$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Manzoli, Lamberto</contributor><creatorcontrib>Scherer, Nathaniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhey, Ibone</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuper, Hannah</creatorcontrib><title>Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Although caring for a child with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can have positive outcomes, parents may be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety, due to a number of associated stressors, such as increased caregiver demands and financial strain. This systematic review updates previous data, exploring the relationship between parenting a child with IDD and parental depression and anxiety.
Five electronic databases were searched for eligible English-language articles, published between January 2004 and July 2018. All epidemiological study designs were eligible, provided the level of depression and/or anxiety was compared between parents of children (aged <18) with and without IDD. No limit was placed on geographic location. The proportion of positive associations between parenting a child with IDD and depression/anxiety were disaggregated by disability type, geographic region, and sample size. The percentage of parents at risk of moderate depression or anxiety were calculated using recognised clinical cut-off scores for each screening tool. Meta-analyses, in which pooled effect sizes of elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were calculated, were conducted across two IDD conditions, autism and cerebral palsy.
Of the 5,839 unique records screened, 19 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income (n = 8, 42%) or upper-middle income countries (n = 10, 53%). Of the 19 studies, 69% focused on parents of children with cerebral palsy (n = 7, 37%) or autism (n = 6, 32%). Nearly all studies found a positive association between parenting a child with IDD and depression (n = 18, 95%) and anxiety (n = 9, 90%) symptoms. Factors associated with higher levels of depression symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD included disability severity (n = 8, 78%) and lower household income (n = 4, 80%). Approximately one third (31%) of parents of children with IDD reach the clinical cut-off score for moderate depression, compared with 7% of parents of children without IDD. 31% of parents of children with IDD reach the cut-off score for moderate anxiety, compared with 14% of parents of children without IDD. The meta-analyses demonstrated moderate effect sizes for elevated depression amongst parents of children with autism and cerebral palsy.
Results indicate elevated levels of depressive symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD. Quality concerns amongst the existing literature support the need for further research, especially in low- and middle-income countries.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety - epidemiology</subject><subject>Anxiety - etiology</subject><subject>Autism</subject><subject>Autistic Disorder - psychology</subject><subject>Bibliographic data bases</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Caregivers</subject><subject>Cerebral palsied children</subject><subject>Cerebral palsy</subject><subject>Cerebral Palsy - psychology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child development</subject><subject>Child health</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Depression (Mood disorder)</subject><subject>Developmental disabilities</subject><subject>Developmental Disabilities - psychology</subject><subject>Disabilities</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Geographical locations</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hygiene</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Intellectual disabilities</subject><subject>Intellectual Disability - 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epidemiology</topic><topic>Anxiety - etiology</topic><topic>Autism</topic><topic>Autistic Disorder - psychology</topic><topic>Bibliographic data bases</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Caregivers</topic><topic>Cerebral palsied children</topic><topic>Cerebral palsy</topic><topic>Cerebral Palsy - psychology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child development</topic><topic>Child health</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Depression (Mood disorder)</topic><topic>Developmental disabilities</topic><topic>Developmental Disabilities - psychology</topic><topic>Disabilities</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Families & family life</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Geographical locations</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hygiene</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>Intellectual disabilities</topic><topic>Intellectual Disability - psychology</topic><topic>Levels</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Medical screening</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Paralysis</topic><topic>Parent-child relations</topic><topic>Parents</topic><topic>Parents & parenting</topic><topic>Parents - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Scherer, Nathaniel</au><au>Verhey, Ibone</au><au>Kuper, Hannah</au><au>Manzoli, Lamberto</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-07-30</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0219888</spage><epage>e0219888</epage><pages>e0219888-e0219888</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Although caring for a child with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can have positive outcomes, parents may be at a greater risk of depression and anxiety, due to a number of associated stressors, such as increased caregiver demands and financial strain. This systematic review updates previous data, exploring the relationship between parenting a child with IDD and parental depression and anxiety.
Five electronic databases were searched for eligible English-language articles, published between January 2004 and July 2018. All epidemiological study designs were eligible, provided the level of depression and/or anxiety was compared between parents of children (aged <18) with and without IDD. No limit was placed on geographic location. The proportion of positive associations between parenting a child with IDD and depression/anxiety were disaggregated by disability type, geographic region, and sample size. The percentage of parents at risk of moderate depression or anxiety were calculated using recognised clinical cut-off scores for each screening tool. Meta-analyses, in which pooled effect sizes of elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were calculated, were conducted across two IDD conditions, autism and cerebral palsy.
Of the 5,839 unique records screened, 19 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were conducted in high-income (n = 8, 42%) or upper-middle income countries (n = 10, 53%). Of the 19 studies, 69% focused on parents of children with cerebral palsy (n = 7, 37%) or autism (n = 6, 32%). Nearly all studies found a positive association between parenting a child with IDD and depression (n = 18, 95%) and anxiety (n = 9, 90%) symptoms. Factors associated with higher levels of depression symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD included disability severity (n = 8, 78%) and lower household income (n = 4, 80%). Approximately one third (31%) of parents of children with IDD reach the clinical cut-off score for moderate depression, compared with 7% of parents of children without IDD. 31% of parents of children with IDD reach the cut-off score for moderate anxiety, compared with 14% of parents of children without IDD. The meta-analyses demonstrated moderate effect sizes for elevated depression amongst parents of children with autism and cerebral palsy.
Results indicate elevated levels of depressive symptoms amongst parents of children with IDD. Quality concerns amongst the existing literature support the need for further research, especially in low- and middle-income countries.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31361768</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0219888</doi><tpages>e0219888</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1846-8691</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Analysis Anxiety Anxiety - epidemiology Anxiety - etiology Autism Autistic Disorder - psychology Bibliographic data bases Biology and Life Sciences Caregivers Cerebral palsied children Cerebral palsy Cerebral Palsy - psychology Child Child development Child health Children Children & youth Depression (Mood disorder) Developmental disabilities Developmental Disabilities - psychology Disabilities Epidemiology Families & family life Female Geographical locations Humans Hygiene Income Intellectual disabilities Intellectual Disability - psychology Levels Male Mathematical analysis Medical screening Medicine and Health Sciences Mental depression Meta-analysis Mothers Paralysis Parent-child relations Parents Parents & parenting Parents - psychology People and Places Physical Sciences Psychological aspects Research and Analysis Methods Risk factors Sample Size Social Sciences Stress Studies Systematic review Upgrading |
| title | Depression and anxiety in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-12T15%3A32%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Depression%20and%20anxiety%20in%20parents%20of%20children%20with%20intellectual%20and%20developmental%20disabilities:%20A%20systematic%20review%20and%20meta-analysis&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Scherer,%20Nathaniel&rft.date=2019-07-30&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0219888&rft.epage=e0219888&rft.pages=e0219888-e0219888&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0219888&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA594981754%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2267004864&rft_id=info:pmid/31361768&rft_galeid=A594981754&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_7c837e2cfe4e4c08882f373718f7f793&rfr_iscdi=true |