Motivational intensity and visual word search: Layout matters
Motivational intensity has been previously linked to information processing. In particular, it has been argued that affects which are high in motivational intensity tend to narrow cognitive scope. A similar effect has been attributed to negative affect, which has been linked to narrowing of cognitiv...
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description | Motivational intensity has been previously linked to information processing. In particular, it has been argued that affects which are high in motivational intensity tend to narrow cognitive scope. A similar effect has been attributed to negative affect, which has been linked to narrowing of cognitive scope. In this paper, we investigated how these phenomena manifest themselves during visual word search. We conducted three studies in which participants were instructed to perform word category identification. We manipulated motivational intensity by controlling reward expectations and affect via reward outcomes. Importantly, we altered visual search paradigms, assessing the effects of affective manipulations as modulated by information arrangement. We recorded multiple physiological signals (EEG, EDA, ECG and eye tracking) to assess whether motivational states can be predicted by physiology. Across the three studies, we found that high motivational intensity narrowed visual attentional scope by altering visual search strategies, especially when information was displayed sparsely. Instead, when information was vertically listed, approach-directed motivational intensity appeared to improve memory encoding. We also observed that physiology, in particular eye tracking, may be used to detect biases induced by motivational intensity, especially when information is sparsely organised. |
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In particular, it has been argued that affects which are high in motivational intensity tend to narrow cognitive scope. A similar effect has been attributed to negative affect, which has been linked to narrowing of cognitive scope. In this paper, we investigated how these phenomena manifest themselves during visual word search. We conducted three studies in which participants were instructed to perform word category identification. We manipulated motivational intensity by controlling reward expectations and affect via reward outcomes. Importantly, we altered visual search paradigms, assessing the effects of affective manipulations as modulated by information arrangement. We recorded multiple physiological signals (EEG, EDA, ECG and eye tracking) to assess whether motivational states can be predicted by physiology. Across the three studies, we found that high motivational intensity narrowed visual attentional scope by altering visual search strategies, especially when information was displayed sparsely. Instead, when information was vertically listed, approach-directed motivational intensity appeared to improve memory encoding. We also observed that physiology, in particular eye tracking, may be used to detect biases induced by motivational intensity, especially when information is sparsely organised.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218926</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31335873</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Affect (Psychology) ; Affect - physiology ; Attention - physiology ; Attentional bias ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Brain research ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognitive ability ; Cognitive biases ; Data processing ; EEG ; EKG ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography - trends ; Electroencephalography ; Electroencephalography - trends ; Emotions ; Emotions - physiology ; Evaluation ; Eye ; Female ; Heart rate ; Humans ; Influence ; Information processing ; Information technology ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory ; Memory - physiology ; Motivation ; Motivation (Psychology) ; Motivation - physiology ; Neurosciences ; Physiology ; Reaction Time - physiology ; Reinforcement ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Searching ; Social psychology ; Social Sciences ; Tracking ; Vision, Ocular - physiology ; Visual perception ; Visual search behavior</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-07, Vol.14 (7), p.e0218926-e0218926</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Filetti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Filetti et al 2019 Filetti et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-e75d96deac7cc6771f58697178fb5be25cdfe322919d0debda2eed66eca869b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-e75d96deac7cc6771f58697178fb5be25cdfe322919d0debda2eed66eca869b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2094-2201</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6650057/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6650057/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31335873$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Kasneci, Enkelejda</contributor><creatorcontrib>Filetti, Marco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barral, Oswald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacucci, Giulio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ravaja, Niklas</creatorcontrib><title>Motivational intensity and visual word search: Layout matters</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Motivational intensity has been previously linked to information processing. In particular, it has been argued that affects which are high in motivational intensity tend to narrow cognitive scope. A similar effect has been attributed to negative affect, which has been linked to narrowing of cognitive scope. In this paper, we investigated how these phenomena manifest themselves during visual word search. We conducted three studies in which participants were instructed to perform word category identification. We manipulated motivational intensity by controlling reward expectations and affect via reward outcomes. Importantly, we altered visual search paradigms, assessing the effects of affective manipulations as modulated by information arrangement. We recorded multiple physiological signals (EEG, EDA, ECG and eye tracking) to assess whether motivational states can be predicted by physiology. Across the three studies, we found that high motivational intensity narrowed visual attentional scope by altering visual search strategies, especially when information was displayed sparsely. Instead, when information was vertically listed, approach-directed motivational intensity appeared to improve memory encoding. We also observed that physiology, in particular eye tracking, may be used to detect biases induced by motivational intensity, especially when information is sparsely organised.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Affect (Psychology)</subject><subject>Affect - physiology</subject><subject>Attention - physiology</subject><subject>Attentional bias</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Brain research</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cognitive biases</subject><subject>Data processing</subject><subject>EEG</subject><subject>EKG</subject><subject>Electrocardiography</subject><subject>Electrocardiography - trends</subject><subject>Electroencephalography</subject><subject>Electroencephalography - trends</subject><subject>Emotions</subject><subject>Emotions - physiology</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Eye</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Information processing</subject><subject>Information technology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Filetti, Marco</au><au>Barral, Oswald</au><au>Jacucci, Giulio</au><au>Ravaja, Niklas</au><au>Kasneci, Enkelejda</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Motivational intensity and visual word search: Layout matters</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-07-23</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0218926</spage><epage>e0218926</epage><pages>e0218926-e0218926</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Motivational intensity has been previously linked to information processing. In particular, it has been argued that affects which are high in motivational intensity tend to narrow cognitive scope. A similar effect has been attributed to negative affect, which has been linked to narrowing of cognitive scope. In this paper, we investigated how these phenomena manifest themselves during visual word search. We conducted three studies in which participants were instructed to perform word category identification. We manipulated motivational intensity by controlling reward expectations and affect via reward outcomes. Importantly, we altered visual search paradigms, assessing the effects of affective manipulations as modulated by information arrangement. We recorded multiple physiological signals (EEG, EDA, ECG and eye tracking) to assess whether motivational states can be predicted by physiology. Across the three studies, we found that high motivational intensity narrowed visual attentional scope by altering visual search strategies, especially when information was displayed sparsely. Instead, when information was vertically listed, approach-directed motivational intensity appeared to improve memory encoding. We also observed that physiology, in particular eye tracking, may be used to detect biases induced by motivational intensity, especially when information is sparsely organised.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31335873</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0218926</doi><tpages>e0218926</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-2201</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult Affect (Psychology) Affect - physiology Attention - physiology Attentional bias Biology and Life Sciences Brain research Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Cognitive biases Data processing EEG EKG Electrocardiography Electrocardiography - trends Electroencephalography Electroencephalography - trends Emotions Emotions - physiology Evaluation Eye Female Heart rate Humans Influence Information processing Information technology Male Medicine and Health Sciences Memory Memory - physiology Motivation Motivation (Psychology) Motivation - physiology Neurosciences Physiology Reaction Time - physiology Reinforcement Research and Analysis Methods Searching Social psychology Social Sciences Tracking Vision, Ocular - physiology Visual perception Visual search behavior |
title | Motivational intensity and visual word search: Layout matters |
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