Twice upon a time: The progression of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an Argentinean city

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) prevalence, spatial distribution and associated factors were assessed in four locations in Iguazú department in 2014 and in Puerto Iguazú city again in 2018. The city areas were divided into a grid of 400x400m cells. All cells were sampled in 2014 and a random sub...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2019-07, Vol.14 (7), p.e0219395-e0219395
Hauptverfasser: Lamattina, Daniela, Berrozpe, Pablo Eduardo, Casas, Natalia, Moya, Sofía Lorian, Giuliani, Magalí Gabriela, Costa, Sebastián Andrés, Arrabal, Juan Pablo, Martínez, Mariela Florencia, Rivero, María Romina, Salas, Martín, Humeres, Cristian Alejandro, Liotta, Domingo Javier, Meichtry, María Belén, Salomón, Oscar Daniel
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container_issue 7
container_start_page e0219395
container_title PloS one
container_volume 14
creator Lamattina, Daniela
Berrozpe, Pablo Eduardo
Casas, Natalia
Moya, Sofía Lorian
Giuliani, Magalí Gabriela
Costa, Sebastián Andrés
Arrabal, Juan Pablo
Martínez, Mariela Florencia
Rivero, María Romina
Salas, Martín
Humeres, Cristian Alejandro
Liotta, Domingo Javier
Meichtry, María Belén
Salomón, Oscar Daniel
description Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) prevalence, spatial distribution and associated factors were assessed in four locations in Iguazú department in 2014 and in Puerto Iguazú city again in 2018. The city areas were divided into a grid of 400x400m cells. All cells were sampled in 2014 and a random subsampling was developed in 2018. In each cell, five dogs clustered in a 'critical scenario' (prone to have vectors) were sampled. A rapid immunochromatographic dipstick was used to detect antibodies against Leishmania infantum, confirming by lymph node smears observation and PCR. For Puerto Iguazú, Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were constructed considering environmental, dog and clinical variables. Pearson's Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to evaluate the association between CVL, dog clinical signs and infestation with other parasites. Cartographic outputs were made and Moran's I indices were calculated as spatial autocorrelation indicators. CVL prevalence rates were 26.18% in 2014 and 17.50% in 2018. No associations were established in environmental models, but dog age and repellent use were significant when running 2014 dog models. Clinical models showed significant associations between seropositive dogs and ophthalmological, dermal signs and onychogryphosis in 2014. In 2018, only adenomegaly was associated. The results of global Moran´s I were not significant but regarding local analysis, six sites in 2014 and one in 2018 presented autocorrelation with neighboring sites. The decrease in CVL prevalence may be associated to transmission stabilization, which could explain the lack of associations with dog-related variables. Further, spatial distribution of CVL is a poor evidence for design of transmission control measures but could be important in case of intensive parasite circulation or when the first autochthonous cases appear. For control success, sensitivity of diagnostic methods, political will and adequate material resources remain critical. Modeling of multiple variables will be required to identify factors that drive disease stabilization/destabilization.
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Modeling of multiple variables will be required to identify factors that drive disease stabilization/destabilization.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Autocorrelation</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Brazil - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cartography</subject><subject>Chi square analysis</subject><subject>Chi-square test</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Destabilization</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Disease Progression</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Dog diseases</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>EDTA</subject><subject>Environment models</subject><subject>Environmental modeling</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Geography, 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Magalí Gabriela</au><au>Costa, Sebastián Andrés</au><au>Arrabal, Juan Pablo</au><au>Martínez, Mariela Florencia</au><au>Rivero, María Romina</au><au>Salas, Martín</au><au>Humeres, Cristian Alejandro</au><au>Liotta, Domingo Javier</au><au>Meichtry, María Belén</au><au>Salomón, Oscar Daniel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Twice upon a time: The progression of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an Argentinean city</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-07-05</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0219395</spage><epage>e0219395</epage><pages>e0219395-e0219395</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) prevalence, spatial distribution and associated factors were assessed in four locations in Iguazú department in 2014 and in Puerto Iguazú city again in 2018. The city areas were divided into a grid of 400x400m cells. All cells were sampled in 2014 and a random subsampling was developed in 2018. In each cell, five dogs clustered in a 'critical scenario' (prone to have vectors) were sampled. A rapid immunochromatographic dipstick was used to detect antibodies against Leishmania infantum, confirming by lymph node smears observation and PCR. For Puerto Iguazú, Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were constructed considering environmental, dog and clinical variables. Pearson's Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to evaluate the association between CVL, dog clinical signs and infestation with other parasites. Cartographic outputs were made and Moran's I indices were calculated as spatial autocorrelation indicators. CVL prevalence rates were 26.18% in 2014 and 17.50% in 2018. No associations were established in environmental models, but dog age and repellent use were significant when running 2014 dog models. Clinical models showed significant associations between seropositive dogs and ophthalmological, dermal signs and onychogryphosis in 2014. In 2018, only adenomegaly was associated. The results of global Moran´s I were not significant but regarding local analysis, six sites in 2014 and one in 2018 presented autocorrelation with neighboring sites. The decrease in CVL prevalence may be associated to transmission stabilization, which could explain the lack of associations with dog-related variables. Further, spatial distribution of CVL is a poor evidence for design of transmission control measures but could be important in case of intensive parasite circulation or when the first autochthonous cases appear. For control success, sensitivity of diagnostic methods, political will and adequate material resources remain critical. Modeling of multiple variables will be required to identify factors that drive disease stabilization/destabilization.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31276573</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0219395</doi><tpages>e0219395</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4441-0234</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5926-8234</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-748X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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source Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Animals
Antibodies
Autocorrelation
Biology and Life Sciences
Brazil - epidemiology
Cartography
Chi square analysis
Chi-square test
Cities
Destabilization
Development and progression
Diagnostic systems
Disease Progression
Distribution
Dog diseases
Dog Diseases - diagnosis
Dog Diseases - epidemiology
Dog Diseases - parasitology
Dogs
Ecosystems
EDTA
Environment models
Environmental modeling
Epidemiology
Geography, Medical
Infestation
Leishmania infantum
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis, Visceral - veterinary
Lymph nodes
Medicine and Health Sciences
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
People and places
Prevalence
Risk factors
Sentinel surveillance
Skin
Spatial distribution
Stabilization
Statistical models
Trends
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Visceral leishmaniasis
title Twice upon a time: The progression of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an Argentinean city
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