Active-site mTOR inhibitors augment HSV1-dICP0 infection in cancer cells via dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BP axis

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) is amongst the most clinically advanced oncolytic virus platforms. However, efficient and sustained viral replication within tumours is limiting. Rapamycin can stimulate HSV1 replication in cancer cells, but active-site dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamy...

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Veröffentlicht in:PLoS pathogens 2018-08, Vol.14 (8), p.e1007264-e1007264
Hauptverfasser: Zakaria, Chadi, Sean, Polen, Hoang, Huy-Dung, Leroux, Louis-Phillipe, Watson, Margaret, Workenhe, Samuel Tekeste, Hearnden, Jaclyn, Pearl, Dana, Truong, Vinh Tai, Robichaud, Nathaniel, Yanagiya, Akiko, Tahmasebi, Soroush, Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi, Jia, Jian-Jun, Pelin, Adrian, Diallo, Jean-Simon, Le Boeuf, Fabrice, Bell, John Cameron, Mossman, Karen Louise, Graber, Tyson Ernst, Jaramillo, Maritza, Sonenberg, Nahum, Alain, Tommy
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container_title PLoS pathogens
container_volume 14
creator Zakaria, Chadi
Sean, Polen
Hoang, Huy-Dung
Leroux, Louis-Phillipe
Watson, Margaret
Workenhe, Samuel Tekeste
Hearnden, Jaclyn
Pearl, Dana
Truong, Vinh Tai
Robichaud, Nathaniel
Yanagiya, Akiko
Tahmasebi, Soroush
Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi
Jia, Jian-Jun
Pelin, Adrian
Diallo, Jean-Simon
Le Boeuf, Fabrice
Bell, John Cameron
Mossman, Karen Louise
Graber, Tyson Ernst
Jaramillo, Maritza
Sonenberg, Nahum
Alain, Tommy
description Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) is amongst the most clinically advanced oncolytic virus platforms. However, efficient and sustained viral replication within tumours is limiting. Rapamycin can stimulate HSV1 replication in cancer cells, but active-site dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2) inhibitors (asTORi) were shown to suppress the virus in normal cells. Surprisingly, using the infected cell protein 0 (ICP0)-deleted HSV1 (HSV1-dICP0), we found that asTORi markedly augment infection in cancer cells and a mouse mammary cancer xenograft. Mechanistically, asTORi repressed mRNA translation in normal cells, resulting in defective antiviral response but also inhibition of HSV1-dICP0 replication. asTORi also reduced antiviral response in cancer cells, however in contrast to normal cells, transformed cells and cells transduced to elevate the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or to silence the repressors eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BPs), selectively maintained HSV1-dICP0 protein synthesis during asTORi treatment, ultimately supporting increased viral replication. Our data show that altered eIF4E/4E-BPs expression can act to promote HSV1-dICP0 infection under prolonged mTOR inhibition. Thus, pharmacoviral combination of asTORi and HSV1 can target cancer cells displaying dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BPs axis.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007264
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However, efficient and sustained viral replication within tumours is limiting. Rapamycin can stimulate HSV1 replication in cancer cells, but active-site dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2) inhibitors (asTORi) were shown to suppress the virus in normal cells. Surprisingly, using the infected cell protein 0 (ICP0)-deleted HSV1 (HSV1-dICP0), we found that asTORi markedly augment infection in cancer cells and a mouse mammary cancer xenograft. 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However, efficient and sustained viral replication within tumours is limiting. Rapamycin can stimulate HSV1 replication in cancer cells, but active-site dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2) inhibitors (asTORi) were shown to suppress the virus in normal cells. Surprisingly, using the infected cell protein 0 (ICP0)-deleted HSV1 (HSV1-dICP0), we found that asTORi markedly augment infection in cancer cells and a mouse mammary cancer xenograft. Mechanistically, asTORi repressed mRNA translation in normal cells, resulting in defective antiviral response but also inhibition of HSV1-dICP0 replication. asTORi also reduced antiviral response in cancer cells, however in contrast to normal cells, transformed cells and cells transduced to elevate the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or to silence the repressors eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BPs), selectively maintained HSV1-dICP0 protein synthesis during asTORi treatment, ultimately supporting increased viral replication. Our data show that altered eIF4E/4E-BPs expression can act to promote HSV1-dICP0 infection under prolonged mTOR inhibition. Thus, pharmacoviral combination of asTORi and HSV1 can target cancer cells displaying dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BPs axis.</description><subject>Adaptator Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics</subject><subject>Adaptator Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism</subject><subject>Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - genetics</subject><subject>Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - metabolism</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cancer cells</subject><subject>Catalytic Domain - drug effects</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Cercopithecus aethiops</subject><subject>Children &amp; youth</subject><subject>Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E - genetics</subject><subject>Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E - metabolism</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic regulation</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>HEK293 Cells</subject><subject>Herpes simplex</subject><subject>Herpes Simplex - complications</subject><subject>Herpes Simplex - genetics</subject><subject>Herpes Simplex - pathology</subject><subject>Herpes simplex virus</subject><subject>Herpes viruses</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects</subject><subject>Herpesvirus 1, Human - genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immediate-Early Proteins - deficiency</subject><subject>Immediate-Early Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Immunology</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>Initiation factor eIF-4E</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>mRNA</subject><subject>Neoplasms - complications</subject><subject>Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Neoplasms - virology</subject><subject>Oncolysis</subject><subject>Organisms, Genetically Modified</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Phosphoproteins - genetics</subject><subject>Phosphoproteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Phosphoproteins/metabolims</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Protein biosynthesis</subject><subject>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Protein synthesis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rapamycin</subject><subject>Replication</subject><subject>Repressors</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - genetics</subject><subject>Supervision</subject><subject>TOR protein</subject><subject>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - chemistry</subject><subject>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists &amp; inhibitiors</subject><subject>Transformed cells</subject><subject>Transplants &amp; implants</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - deficiency</subject><subject>Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics</subject><subject>Vero Cells</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Xenografts</subject><subject>Xenotransplantation</subject><issn>1553-7374</issn><issn>1553-7366</issn><issn>1553-7374</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqVk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBE4gYu0vkzdm4mlaqjlSo2bYNby7GdzFUSl9iptn-PS7NpnXaDfGHLft7XPuf4JMlHCCYQM3i6dkPfyWay2cgwgQAwlJNXyTGkFGcMM_L6yfooeef9GgACMczfJkcYQMwJBcfJeqqC3ZrM22DS9ubiKrXdrS1tcL1P5VC3pgvp4vo3zPRydgniaWWiwnVxlSrZKdOnyjSNT7dWpvre96YeGhmMTs3ynMxPyTz7fpnKO-vfJ28q2XjzYZxPkl_n85vZIltd_FjOpqtM5UURMo0KCWlFGAdca1RqwKEyvOS6KjVXGuVFzitEIaCsZKgAFVKwACXEpKSIM3ySfN77bhrnxZgmL9BOwilgeSSWe0I7uRab3rayvxdOWvFvw_W1kH2wqjGCQiwpJWWuiCYU68JwVFU5pkwBaCoVvc7G24ayNVrFfPWyOTA9POnsrajdVuQQEQ5JNMj2BrfPZIvpSmykD2boBUAQ5wizLYz81_HC3v0ZjA-itX5XAtkZN8Q4QYExZDkDEf3yDH05GyNVyxhwLLCL71Q7UzGllHFWMF5EavICFYc2rVWuM5WN-weCbweCyARzF2o5eC-W11f_wf48ZMmeVb3z8btVj0mDQOw64yFIsesMMXZGlH16WqdH0UMr4L-v8waW</recordid><startdate>20180823</startdate><enddate>20180823</enddate><creator>Zakaria, Chadi</creator><creator>Sean, Polen</creator><creator>Hoang, Huy-Dung</creator><creator>Leroux, Louis-Phillipe</creator><creator>Watson, Margaret</creator><creator>Workenhe, Samuel Tekeste</creator><creator>Hearnden, Jaclyn</creator><creator>Pearl, Dana</creator><creator>Truong, Vinh Tai</creator><creator>Robichaud, Nathaniel</creator><creator>Yanagiya, Akiko</creator><creator>Tahmasebi, Soroush</creator><creator>Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi</creator><creator>Jia, Jian-Jun</creator><creator>Pelin, Adrian</creator><creator>Diallo, Jean-Simon</creator><creator>Le Boeuf, Fabrice</creator><creator>Bell, John Cameron</creator><creator>Mossman, Karen Louise</creator><creator>Graber, Tyson Ernst</creator><creator>Jaramillo, Maritza</creator><creator>Sonenberg, Nahum</creator><creator>Alain, Tommy</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>VOOES</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-2795</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-5873</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-2304</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-1827</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-3404</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-0767</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-9138</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180823</creationdate><title>Active-site mTOR inhibitors augment HSV1-dICP0 infection in cancer cells via dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BP axis</title><author>Zakaria, Chadi ; Sean, Polen ; Hoang, Huy-Dung ; Leroux, Louis-Phillipe ; Watson, Margaret ; Workenhe, Samuel Tekeste ; Hearnden, Jaclyn ; Pearl, Dana ; Truong, Vinh Tai ; Robichaud, Nathaniel ; Yanagiya, Akiko ; Tahmasebi, Soroush ; Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi ; Jia, Jian-Jun ; Pelin, Adrian ; Diallo, Jean-Simon ; Le Boeuf, Fabrice ; Bell, John Cameron ; Mossman, Karen Louise ; Graber, Tyson Ernst ; Jaramillo, Maritza ; Sonenberg, Nahum ; Alain, Tommy</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c699t-d29a15f47808dd2bd081ce8b8dfbd8cd26968f251057b7290f2c190b134b52873</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adaptator Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics</topic><topic>Adaptator Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism</topic><topic>Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - genetics</topic><topic>Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - metabolism</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biology and life sciences</topic><topic>Breast cancer</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cancer cells</topic><topic>Catalytic Domain - drug effects</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Cercopithecus aethiops</topic><topic>Children &amp; youth</topic><topic>Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E - genetics</topic><topic>Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E - metabolism</topic><topic>Funding</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic regulation</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>HEK293 Cells</topic><topic>Herpes simplex</topic><topic>Herpes Simplex - complications</topic><topic>Herpes Simplex - genetics</topic><topic>Herpes Simplex - pathology</topic><topic>Herpes simplex virus</topic><topic>Herpes viruses</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects</topic><topic>Herpesvirus 1, Human - genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immediate-Early Proteins - deficiency</topic><topic>Immediate-Early Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Immunology</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Inhibition</topic><topic>Inhibitors</topic><topic>Initiation factor eIF-4E</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>mRNA</topic><topic>Neoplasms - complications</topic><topic>Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Neoplasms - virology</topic><topic>Oncolysis</topic><topic>Organisms, Genetically Modified</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Phosphoproteins - genetics</topic><topic>Phosphoproteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Phosphoproteins/metabolims</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Protein biosynthesis</topic><topic>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Protein synthesis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rapamycin</topic><topic>Replication</topic><topic>Repressors</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - genetics</topic><topic>Supervision</topic><topic>TOR protein</topic><topic>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</topic><topic>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - chemistry</topic><topic>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists &amp; inhibitiors</topic><topic>Transformed cells</topic><topic>Transplants &amp; implants</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - deficiency</topic><topic>Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics</topic><topic>Vero Cells</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Xenografts</topic><topic>Xenotransplantation</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zakaria, Chadi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sean, Polen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoang, Huy-Dung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leroux, Louis-Phillipe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watson, Margaret</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Workenhe, Samuel Tekeste</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hearnden, Jaclyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearl, Dana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Truong, Vinh Tai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robichaud, Nathaniel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yanagiya, Akiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tahmasebi, Soroush</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jia, Jian-Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pelin, Adrian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diallo, Jean-Simon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Boeuf, Fabrice</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bell, John Cameron</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mossman, Karen Louise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Graber, Tyson Ernst</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaramillo, Maritza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sonenberg, Nahum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alain, Tommy</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PLoS pathogens</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zakaria, Chadi</au><au>Sean, Polen</au><au>Hoang, Huy-Dung</au><au>Leroux, Louis-Phillipe</au><au>Watson, Margaret</au><au>Workenhe, Samuel Tekeste</au><au>Hearnden, Jaclyn</au><au>Pearl, Dana</au><au>Truong, Vinh Tai</au><au>Robichaud, Nathaniel</au><au>Yanagiya, Akiko</au><au>Tahmasebi, Soroush</au><au>Jafarnejad, Seyed Mehdi</au><au>Jia, Jian-Jun</au><au>Pelin, Adrian</au><au>Diallo, Jean-Simon</au><au>Le Boeuf, Fabrice</au><au>Bell, John Cameron</au><au>Mossman, Karen Louise</au><au>Graber, Tyson Ernst</au><au>Jaramillo, Maritza</au><au>Sonenberg, Nahum</au><au>Alain, Tommy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Active-site mTOR inhibitors augment HSV1-dICP0 infection in cancer cells via dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BP axis</atitle><jtitle>PLoS pathogens</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Pathog</addtitle><date>2018-08-23</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e1007264</spage><epage>e1007264</epage><pages>e1007264-e1007264</pages><issn>1553-7374</issn><issn>1553-7366</issn><eissn>1553-7374</eissn><abstract>Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV1) is amongst the most clinically advanced oncolytic virus platforms. However, efficient and sustained viral replication within tumours is limiting. Rapamycin can stimulate HSV1 replication in cancer cells, but active-site dual mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2) inhibitors (asTORi) were shown to suppress the virus in normal cells. Surprisingly, using the infected cell protein 0 (ICP0)-deleted HSV1 (HSV1-dICP0), we found that asTORi markedly augment infection in cancer cells and a mouse mammary cancer xenograft. Mechanistically, asTORi repressed mRNA translation in normal cells, resulting in defective antiviral response but also inhibition of HSV1-dICP0 replication. asTORi also reduced antiviral response in cancer cells, however in contrast to normal cells, transformed cells and cells transduced to elevate the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or to silence the repressors eIF4E binding proteins (4E-BPs), selectively maintained HSV1-dICP0 protein synthesis during asTORi treatment, ultimately supporting increased viral replication. Our data show that altered eIF4E/4E-BPs expression can act to promote HSV1-dICP0 infection under prolonged mTOR inhibition. Thus, pharmacoviral combination of asTORi and HSV1 can target cancer cells displaying dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BPs axis.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30138450</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.ppat.1007264</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-2795</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-5873</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-2304</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-1827</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-3404</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-0767</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0396-9138</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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1553-7374
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subjects Adaptator Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
Adaptator Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - genetics
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing - metabolism
Animals
Biochemistry
Biology and life sciences
Breast cancer
Cancer
Cancer cells
Catalytic Domain - drug effects
Cells, Cultured
Cercopithecus aethiops
Children & youth
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E - genetics
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E - metabolism
Funding
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic - drug effects
Genetic aspects
Genetic regulation
Genomes
HEK293 Cells
Herpes simplex
Herpes Simplex - complications
Herpes Simplex - genetics
Herpes Simplex - pathology
Herpes simplex virus
Herpes viruses
Herpesvirus 1, Human - drug effects
Herpesvirus 1, Human - genetics
Humans
Immediate-Early Proteins - deficiency
Immediate-Early Proteins - genetics
Immunology
Immunotherapy
Infections
Infectious diseases
Inhibition
Inhibitors
Initiation factor eIF-4E
Kinases
Life Sciences
Medical research
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mice
mRNA
Neoplasms - complications
Neoplasms - genetics
Neoplasms - pathology
Neoplasms - virology
Oncolysis
Organisms, Genetically Modified
Pharmacology
Phosphoproteins - genetics
Phosphoproteins - metabolism
Phosphoproteins/metabolims
Physiological aspects
Protein biosynthesis
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Rapamycin
Replication
Repressors
Research and Analysis Methods
Signal Transduction - genetics
Supervision
TOR protein
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - antagonists & inhibitors
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases - chemistry
TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitiors
Transformed cells
Transplants & implants
Tumors
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - deficiency
Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases - genetics
Vero Cells
Viruses
Xenografts
Xenotransplantation
title Active-site mTOR inhibitors augment HSV1-dICP0 infection in cancer cells via dysregulated eIF4E/4E-BP axis
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