Task-related hemodynamic responses are modulated by reward and task engagement
Hemodynamic recordings from visual cortex contain powerful endogenous task-related responses that may reflect task-related arousal, or "task engagement" distinct from attention. We tested this hypothesis with hemodynamic measurements (intrinsic-signal optical imaging) from monkey primary v...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PLoS biology 2019-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e3000080-e3000080 |
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| creator | Cardoso, Mariana M B Lima, Bruss Sirotin, Yevgeniy B Das, Aniruddha |
| description | Hemodynamic recordings from visual cortex contain powerful endogenous task-related responses that may reflect task-related arousal, or "task engagement" distinct from attention. We tested this hypothesis with hemodynamic measurements (intrinsic-signal optical imaging) from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) while the animals' engagement in a periodic fixation task over several hours was varied through reward size and as animals took breaks. With higher rewards, animals appeared more task-engaged; task-related responses were more temporally precise at the task period (approximately 10-20 seconds) and modestly stronger. The 2-5 minute blocks of high-reward trials led to ramp-like decreases in mean local blood volume; these reversed with ramp-like increases during low reward. The blood volume increased even more sharply when the animal shut his eyes and disengaged completely from the task (5-10 minutes). We propose a mechanism that controls vascular tone, likely along with local neural responses in a manner that reflects task engagement over the full range of timescales tested. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000080 |
| format | Article |
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We tested this hypothesis with hemodynamic measurements (intrinsic-signal optical imaging) from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) while the animals' engagement in a periodic fixation task over several hours was varied through reward size and as animals took breaks. With higher rewards, animals appeared more task-engaged; task-related responses were more temporally precise at the task period (approximately 10-20 seconds) and modestly stronger. The 2-5 minute blocks of high-reward trials led to ramp-like decreases in mean local blood volume; these reversed with ramp-like increases during low reward. The blood volume increased even more sharply when the animal shut his eyes and disengaged completely from the task (5-10 minutes). We propose a mechanism that controls vascular tone, likely along with local neural responses in a manner that reflects task engagement over the full range of timescales tested.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1545-7885</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1544-9173</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-7885</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000080</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31002659</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animals ; Arousal ; Attention - physiology ; Attention task ; Behavior, Animal - physiology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Blood ; Blood volume ; Brain Mapping - methods ; Dopamine ; Eye (anatomy) ; Hemodynamic responses ; Hemodynamics ; Hemodynamics - physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Neuroimaging ; Neurons - physiology ; Neurosciences ; Observations ; Optical communication ; Reaction Time - physiology ; Reinforcement ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Reward ; Reward (Psychology) ; Social Sciences ; Software ; Visual cortex ; Visual Cortex - physiology ; Visual signals</subject><ispartof>PLoS biology, 2019-04, Vol.17 (4), p.e3000080-e3000080</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Cardoso et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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We tested this hypothesis with hemodynamic measurements (intrinsic-signal optical imaging) from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) while the animals' engagement in a periodic fixation task over several hours was varied through reward size and as animals took breaks. With higher rewards, animals appeared more task-engaged; task-related responses were more temporally precise at the task period (approximately 10-20 seconds) and modestly stronger. The 2-5 minute blocks of high-reward trials led to ramp-like decreases in mean local blood volume; these reversed with ramp-like increases during low reward. The blood volume increased even more sharply when the animal shut his eyes and disengaged completely from the task (5-10 minutes). We propose a mechanism that controls vascular tone, likely along with local neural responses in a manner that reflects task engagement over the full range of timescales tested.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arousal</subject><subject>Attention - physiology</subject><subject>Attention task</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal - physiology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood volume</subject><subject>Brain Mapping - methods</subject><subject>Dopamine</subject><subject>Eye (anatomy)</subject><subject>Hemodynamic responses</subject><subject>Hemodynamics</subject><subject>Hemodynamics - physiology</subject><subject>Macaca mulatta</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Neuroimaging</subject><subject>Neurons - physiology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Observations</subject><subject>Optical communication</subject><subject>Reaction Time - physiology</subject><subject>Reinforcement</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Reward</subject><subject>Reward (Psychology)</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Software</subject><subject>Visual cortex</subject><subject>Visual Cortex - 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We tested this hypothesis with hemodynamic measurements (intrinsic-signal optical imaging) from monkey primary visual cortex (V1) while the animals' engagement in a periodic fixation task over several hours was varied through reward size and as animals took breaks. With higher rewards, animals appeared more task-engaged; task-related responses were more temporally precise at the task period (approximately 10-20 seconds) and modestly stronger. The 2-5 minute blocks of high-reward trials led to ramp-like decreases in mean local blood volume; these reversed with ramp-like increases during low reward. The blood volume increased even more sharply when the animal shut his eyes and disengaged completely from the task (5-10 minutes). We propose a mechanism that controls vascular tone, likely along with local neural responses in a manner that reflects task engagement over the full range of timescales tested.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31002659</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pbio.3000080</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6865-2900</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-917X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Arousal Attention - physiology Attention task Behavior, Animal - physiology Biology and Life Sciences Blood Blood volume Brain Mapping - methods Dopamine Eye (anatomy) Hemodynamic responses Hemodynamics Hemodynamics - physiology Macaca mulatta Male Medicine and Health Sciences Neuroimaging Neurons - physiology Neurosciences Observations Optical communication Reaction Time - physiology Reinforcement Research and Analysis Methods Reward Reward (Psychology) Social Sciences Software Visual cortex Visual Cortex - physiology Visual signals |
| title | Task-related hemodynamic responses are modulated by reward and task engagement |
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