A clinical study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus in the Kurdistan region, Iraq
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and is a major health problem in various parts of the world. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) occurs, among others, in unpredictable outbreaks after wars and disasters. After the last war in Iraq, the collapse of the health system le...
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| creator | Hussein, Nawfal R Balatay, Amer A Saleem, Zana S M Hassan, Shiraz M Assafi, Mahde S Sheikhan, Ramzy Sh Amedi, Farasheen R Hafzullah, Shivan S Hafzullah, Mahmood S Xedr, Abdulkareem M Zebary, Mohamed T Aqrawi, Hindreen A |
| description | Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and is a major health problem in various parts of the world. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) occurs, among others, in unpredictable outbreaks after wars and disasters. After the last war in Iraq, the collapse of the health system led to the spread of infectious diseases, including CL. Between September 2016 and November 2017, all patients with confirmed CL having one or more skin lesion(s) were referred to a regional health center in Musol City within the Rabeea District. During this period, 1539 patients visited the clinic. A total of 190 patients were excluded from the study because of poor follow-up. The treatment success rate was 97.7% (1319/1349). Statistically significant associations were found between number of lesions and treatment failure (p = 0.0018; OR = 1.4430; CI = 1.1466-1.8161), number of doses and number of lesions (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.095; p = 0.001), and the lack of municipality services and number of doses used for the treatment (p = 0.008; OR = 1.0629; CI = 1.0158-1.1122). To conclude, the highest number of patients with CL in the city of Musol was recorded after the war in Iraq. The treatment success rate was high, which reflected the strict treatment and follow-up program. An urgent plan is needed to stop the spread of infection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0217683 |
| format | Article |
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) occurs, among others, in unpredictable outbreaks after wars and disasters. After the last war in Iraq, the collapse of the health system led to the spread of infectious diseases, including CL. Between September 2016 and November 2017, all patients with confirmed CL having one or more skin lesion(s) were referred to a regional health center in Musol City within the Rabeea District. During this period, 1539 patients visited the clinic. A total of 190 patients were excluded from the study because of poor follow-up. The treatment success rate was 97.7% (1319/1349). Statistically significant associations were found between number of lesions and treatment failure (p = 0.0018; OR = 1.4430; CI = 1.1466-1.8161), number of doses and number of lesions (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.095; p = 0.001), and the lack of municipality services and number of doses used for the treatment (p = 0.008; OR = 1.0629; CI = 1.0158-1.1122). To conclude, the highest number of patients with CL in the city of Musol was recorded after the war in Iraq. The treatment success rate was high, which reflected the strict treatment and follow-up program. An urgent plan is needed to stop the spread of infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217683</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31150485</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Collapse ; Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Disasters ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Health care facilities ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Inflammation ; Internal medicine ; Iraq - epidemiology ; Leishmania - pathogenicity ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology ; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - pathology ; Lesions ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Outbreaks ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Patients ; People and Places ; Protozoa ; R&D ; Research & development ; Skin - parasitology ; Skin - pathology ; Skin diseases ; Skin Diseases - epidemiology ; Skin Diseases - parasitology ; Skin Diseases - pathology ; Statistical analysis ; Studies ; Trends ; Tropical diseases ; Vector-borne diseases ; War ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0217683-e0217683</ispartof><rights>2019 Hussein et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Hussein et al 2019 Hussein et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-6ad22285896becf812450031591b3fd3f09f9ebd0b8cf82778fed201ceed3b9f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-6ad22285896becf812450031591b3fd3f09f9ebd0b8cf82778fed201ceed3b9f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4863-282X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6544268/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6544268/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31150485$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hussein, Nawfal R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balatay, Amer A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saleem, Zana S M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hassan, Shiraz M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assafi, Mahde S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sheikhan, Ramzy Sh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amedi, Farasheen R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hafzullah, Shivan S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hafzullah, Mahmood S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xedr, Abdulkareem M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zebary, Mohamed T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aqrawi, Hindreen A</creatorcontrib><title>A clinical study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus in the Kurdistan region, Iraq</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and is a major health problem in various parts of the world. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) occurs, among others, in unpredictable outbreaks after wars and disasters. After the last war in Iraq, the collapse of the health system led to the spread of infectious diseases, including CL. Between September 2016 and November 2017, all patients with confirmed CL having one or more skin lesion(s) were referred to a regional health center in Musol City within the Rabeea District. During this period, 1539 patients visited the clinic. A total of 190 patients were excluded from the study because of poor follow-up. The treatment success rate was 97.7% (1319/1349). Statistically significant associations were found between number of lesions and treatment failure (p = 0.0018; OR = 1.4430; CI = 1.1466-1.8161), number of doses and number of lesions (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.095; p = 0.001), and the lack of municipality services and number of doses used for the treatment (p = 0.008; OR = 1.0629; CI = 1.0158-1.1122). To conclude, the highest number of patients with CL in the city of Musol was recorded after the war in Iraq. The treatment success rate was high, which reflected the strict treatment and follow-up program. An urgent plan is needed to stop the spread of infection.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Collapse</subject><subject>Correlation coefficient</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</subject><subject>Disasters</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health care facilities</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Internal medicine</subject><subject>Iraq - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leishmania - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology</subject><subject>Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - pathology</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Parasites</subject><subject>Parasitic diseases</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>R&D</subject><subject>Research & development</subject><subject>Skin - parasitology</subject><subject>Skin - pathology</subject><subject>Skin diseases</subject><subject>Skin Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Skin Diseases - parasitology</subject><subject>Skin Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Tropical diseases</subject><subject>Vector-borne diseases</subject><subject>War</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUstuEzEUtRCIlsAfILDEhgUJfowdz6ZSVfGIqMQGJHaWx75OHDl2as-A-vdMkmnVIla27z3n3IcPQq8pWVC-pB-3eSjJxMU-J1gQRpdS8SfonLaczSUj_OmD-xl6UeuWEMGVlM_RGadUkEaJc_TrEtsYUrAm4toP7hZnj-3QmwR5qDhCqJudScHUUHFI2OAEf7DPdjg--w3gb0NxoY4MXGAdcvqAV8XcvETPvIkVXk3nDP38_OnH1df59fcvq6vL67kVTPZzaRxjTAnVyg6sV5Q1ghBORUs77h33pPUtdI50asyy5VJ5cIxQC-B413o-Q29PuvuYq56WUjVjnDNJhJAjYnVCuGy2el_CzpRbnU3Qx0Aua21KH2wEbSWX44aIsp1sQBjFO2usEJxL8OqodTFVG7odOAupLyY-En2cSWGj1_m3lqJp2PhDM_R-Eij5ZoDa612oFmI8LfzYtxKCyEOtd_9A_z9dc0LZkmst4O-boUQfjHLH0gej6MkoI-3Nw0HuSXfO4H8BNS275g</recordid><startdate>20190531</startdate><enddate>20190531</enddate><creator>Hussein, Nawfal R</creator><creator>Balatay, Amer A</creator><creator>Saleem, Zana S M</creator><creator>Hassan, Shiraz M</creator><creator>Assafi, Mahde S</creator><creator>Sheikhan, Ramzy Sh</creator><creator>Amedi, Farasheen R</creator><creator>Hafzullah, Shivan S</creator><creator>Hafzullah, Mahmood S</creator><creator>Xedr, Abdulkareem M</creator><creator>Zebary, Mohamed T</creator><creator>Aqrawi, Hindreen A</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-282X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190531</creationdate><title>A clinical study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus in the Kurdistan region, Iraq</title><author>Hussein, Nawfal R ; Balatay, Amer A ; Saleem, Zana S M ; Hassan, Shiraz M ; Assafi, Mahde S ; Sheikhan, Ramzy Sh ; Amedi, Farasheen R ; Hafzullah, Shivan S ; Hafzullah, Mahmood S ; Xedr, Abdulkareem M ; Zebary, Mohamed T ; Aqrawi, Hindreen A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-6ad22285896becf812450031591b3fd3f09f9ebd0b8cf82778fed201ceed3b9f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Collapse</topic><topic>Correlation coefficient</topic><topic>Correlation coefficients</topic><topic>Cutaneous leishmaniasis</topic><topic>Disasters</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health care facilities</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Internal medicine</topic><topic>Iraq - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hussein, Nawfal R</au><au>Balatay, Amer A</au><au>Saleem, Zana S M</au><au>Hassan, Shiraz M</au><au>Assafi, Mahde S</au><au>Sheikhan, Ramzy Sh</au><au>Amedi, Farasheen R</au><au>Hafzullah, Shivan S</au><au>Hafzullah, Mahmood S</au><au>Xedr, Abdulkareem M</au><au>Zebary, Mohamed T</au><au>Aqrawi, Hindreen A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A clinical study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus in the Kurdistan region, Iraq</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-05-31</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0217683</spage><epage>e0217683</epage><pages>e0217683-e0217683</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and is a major health problem in various parts of the world. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) occurs, among others, in unpredictable outbreaks after wars and disasters. After the last war in Iraq, the collapse of the health system led to the spread of infectious diseases, including CL. Between September 2016 and November 2017, all patients with confirmed CL having one or more skin lesion(s) were referred to a regional health center in Musol City within the Rabeea District. During this period, 1539 patients visited the clinic. A total of 190 patients were excluded from the study because of poor follow-up. The treatment success rate was 97.7% (1319/1349). Statistically significant associations were found between number of lesions and treatment failure (p = 0.0018; OR = 1.4430; CI = 1.1466-1.8161), number of doses and number of lesions (Pearson's correlation coefficient = 0.095; p = 0.001), and the lack of municipality services and number of doses used for the treatment (p = 0.008; OR = 1.0629; CI = 1.0158-1.1122). To conclude, the highest number of patients with CL in the city of Musol was recorded after the war in Iraq. The treatment success rate was high, which reflected the strict treatment and follow-up program. An urgent plan is needed to stop the spread of infection.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31150485</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0217683</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-282X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2233260556 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Biology and Life Sciences Child Child, Preschool Collapse Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Cutaneous leishmaniasis Disasters Epidemiology Female Health care facilities Hospitals Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Infectious diseases Inflammation Internal medicine Iraq - epidemiology Leishmania - pathogenicity Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - pathology Lesions Male Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Outbreaks Parasites Parasitic diseases Patients People and Places Protozoa R&D Research & development Skin - parasitology Skin - pathology Skin diseases Skin Diseases - epidemiology Skin Diseases - parasitology Skin Diseases - pathology Statistical analysis Studies Trends Tropical diseases Vector-borne diseases War Young Adult |
| title | A clinical study of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a new focus in the Kurdistan region, Iraq |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-15T19%3A48%3A40IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20clinical%20study%20of%20cutaneous%20leishmaniasis%20in%20a%20new%20focus%20in%20the%20Kurdistan%20region,%20Iraq&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Hussein,%20Nawfal%20R&rft.date=2019-05-31&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=e0217683&rft.epage=e0217683&rft.pages=e0217683-e0217683&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0217683&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E2233855066%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2233260556&rft_id=info:pmid/31150485&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_c63686608cb64e5a83bcac55336ef856&rfr_iscdi=true |