Influence of a Serratia marcescens outbreak on the gut microbiota establishment process in low-weight preterm neonates
Adequate gut microbiota establishment is important for lifelong health. The aim was to sequentially analyze the gut microbiota establishment in low-birth-weight preterm neonates admitted to a single neonatal intensive care unit during their first 3 weeks of life, comparing two epidemiological scenar...
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creator | Escribano, Esperanza Saralegui, Claudia Moles, Laura Montes, María Teresa Alba, Claudio Alarcón, Teresa Lázaro-Perona, Fernando Rodríguez, Juan Miguel Sáenz de Pipaón, Miguel Del Campo, Rosa |
description | Adequate gut microbiota establishment is important for lifelong health. The aim was to sequentially analyze the gut microbiota establishment in low-birth-weight preterm neonates admitted to a single neonatal intensive care unit during their first 3 weeks of life, comparing two epidemiological scenarios. Seven control infants were recruited, and another 12 during a severe S. marcescens outbreak. Meconium and feces from days 7, 14, and 21 of life were collected. Gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing. Cultivable isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, with four S. marcescens submitted for whole-genome sequencing. The expected bacterial ecosystem expansion after birth is delayed, possibly related to antibiotic exposure. The Proteobacteria phylum dominates, although with marked interindividual variability. The outbreak group considerably differed from the control group, with higher densities of Escherichia coli and Serratia to the detriment of Enterococcus and other Firmicutes. Curiously, obligate predators were only detected in meconium and at very low concentrations. Genotyping of cultivable bacteria demonstrated the high bacterial horizontal transmission rate that was confirmed with whole-genome sequencing for S. marcescens. Preterm infants admitted at NICU are initially colonized by homogeneous microbial communities, most of them from the nosocomial environment, which subsequently evolve according to the individual conditions. Our results demonstrate the hospital epidemiology pressure, particularly during outbreak situations, on the gut microbiota establishing process. |
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The aim was to sequentially analyze the gut microbiota establishment in low-birth-weight preterm neonates admitted to a single neonatal intensive care unit during their first 3 weeks of life, comparing two epidemiological scenarios. Seven control infants were recruited, and another 12 during a severe S. marcescens outbreak. Meconium and feces from days 7, 14, and 21 of life were collected. Gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing. Cultivable isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, with four S. marcescens submitted for whole-genome sequencing. The expected bacterial ecosystem expansion after birth is delayed, possibly related to antibiotic exposure. The Proteobacteria phylum dominates, although with marked interindividual variability. The outbreak group considerably differed from the control group, with higher densities of Escherichia coli and Serratia to the detriment of Enterococcus and other Firmicutes. Curiously, obligate predators were only detected in meconium and at very low concentrations. Genotyping of cultivable bacteria demonstrated the high bacterial horizontal transmission rate that was confirmed with whole-genome sequencing for S. marcescens. Preterm infants admitted at NICU are initially colonized by homogeneous microbial communities, most of them from the nosocomial environment, which subsequently evolve according to the individual conditions. Our results demonstrate the hospital epidemiology pressure, particularly during outbreak situations, on the gut microbiota establishing process.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216581</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31112570</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Analysis ; Antibiotics ; Babies ; Bacteria ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Birth ; Birth weight ; Care and treatment ; Composition ; Cross Infection - microbiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; DNA sequencing ; DNA, Bacterial - genetics ; DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification ; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics ; E coli ; Ecosystems ; Electrophoresis ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Escherichia coli ; Feces ; Feces - microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics ; Gel electrophoresis ; Gene sequencing ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Genotyping ; Health ; Health aspects ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Immune system ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight - metabolism ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature - metabolism ; Infants ; Influence ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Intestinal microflora ; Low concentrations ; Low-birth-weight ; Male ; Meconium ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microbial activity ; Microbiota ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Microorganisms ; Neonatal diseases ; Neonatal intensive care ; Neonates ; Newborn babies ; Newborn infants ; Nosocomial infection ; Outbreaks ; People and Places ; Predators ; Premature birth ; Premature infants ; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ; Risk factors ; rRNA 16S ; Sepsis ; Serratia ; Serratia Infections - microbiology ; Serratia marcescens - genetics ; Serratia marcescens - growth & development ; Serratia marcescens - isolation & purification ; Spain ; VOCs ; Volatile organic compounds ; Weight</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0216581-e0216581</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Escribano et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Escribano et al 2019 Escribano et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f367c86b77b22ac437e62ad569109a9974318d74e05c6137c12d460d37b7bb5c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f367c86b77b22ac437e62ad569109a9974318d74e05c6137c12d460d37b7bb5c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1147-7923</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6529157/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6529157/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,2103,2929,23868,27926,27927,53793,53795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31112570$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Grishin, Anatoly V.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Escribano, Esperanza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saralegui, Claudia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moles, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Montes, María Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alba, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alarcón, Teresa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lázaro-Perona, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez, Juan Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sáenz de Pipaón, Miguel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Del Campo, Rosa</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of a Serratia marcescens outbreak on the gut microbiota establishment process in low-weight preterm neonates</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Adequate gut microbiota establishment is important for lifelong health. The aim was to sequentially analyze the gut microbiota establishment in low-birth-weight preterm neonates admitted to a single neonatal intensive care unit during their first 3 weeks of life, comparing two epidemiological scenarios. Seven control infants were recruited, and another 12 during a severe S. marcescens outbreak. Meconium and feces from days 7, 14, and 21 of life were collected. Gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing. Cultivable isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, with four S. marcescens submitted for whole-genome sequencing. The expected bacterial ecosystem expansion after birth is delayed, possibly related to antibiotic exposure. The Proteobacteria phylum dominates, although with marked interindividual variability. The outbreak group considerably differed from the control group, with higher densities of Escherichia coli and Serratia to the detriment of Enterococcus and other Firmicutes. Curiously, obligate predators were only detected in meconium and at very low concentrations. Genotyping of cultivable bacteria demonstrated the high bacterial horizontal transmission rate that was confirmed with whole-genome sequencing for S. marcescens. Preterm infants admitted at NICU are initially colonized by homogeneous microbial communities, most of them from the nosocomial environment, which subsequently evolve according to the individual conditions. Our results demonstrate the hospital epidemiology pressure, particularly during outbreak situations, on the gut microbiota establishing process.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Birth</subject><subject>Birth weight</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Cross Infection - microbiology</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks</subject><subject>DNA sequencing</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Electrophoresis</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics</subject><subject>Gel electrophoresis</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Genotyping</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Low Birth Weight - metabolism</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infant, Premature - metabolism</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Influence</subject><subject>Intensive Care Units, Neonatal</subject><subject>Intestinal microflora</subject><subject>Low concentrations</subject><subject>Low-birth-weight</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Meconium</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Microbial activity</subject><subject>Microbiota</subject><subject>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Neonatal diseases</subject><subject>Neonatal intensive care</subject><subject>Neonates</subject><subject>Newborn babies</subject><subject>Newborn infants</subject><subject>Nosocomial infection</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Predators</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Premature infants</subject><subject>Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>rRNA 16S</subject><subject>Sepsis</subject><subject>Serratia</subject><subject>Serratia Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Serratia marcescens - genetics</subject><subject>Serratia marcescens - growth & development</subject><subject>Serratia marcescens - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Spain</subject><subject>VOCs</subject><subject>Volatile organic compounds</subject><subject>Weight</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk01v1DAQhiMEoqXwDxBYQkJw2MUfiZ1ckKqKj5UqVaLA1XKcSeKStRfbaeHf47BptUE9oBwSTZ55x_OOJ8ueE7wmTJB3V270Vg3rnbOwxpTwoiQPsmNSMbriFLOHB99H2ZMQrjAuWMn54-yIEUJoIfBxdr2x7TCC1YBcixS6BO9VNAptldcQNNiA3BhrD-oHchbFHlA3RrQ12rvauKgQhKjqwYR-CzainXcpLyBj0eBuVjdgun6KQgS_RRacVRHC0-xRq4YAz-b3Sfbt44evZ59X5xefNmen5yvNKxpXLeNCl7wWoqZU6ZwJ4FQ1Ba8IrlRViZyRshE54ELz5IomtMk5bpioRV0Xmp1kL_e6u8EFOVsWJKW0TH5RUSZisycap67kzpvU-G_plJF_A853Uvlo9ABSFRUnuq455SKnuiybdCYuaKMFpznmSev9XG2st9Ak86JXw0J0-ceaXnbuWvKCVqQQSeDNLODdzzEZK7cmzWAYVDJunM7NKK4wKaZar_5B7-9upjqVGjC2damunkTlaVFyUuW8Yola30Olp4E053S_WpPii4S3i4TERPgVOzWGIDeXX_6fvfi-ZF8fsD2oIfbBDWM0zoYlmO_BdAtD8NDemUywnNbj1g05rYec1yOlvTgc0F3S7T6wP6FpCuI</recordid><startdate>20190521</startdate><enddate>20190521</enddate><creator>Escribano, Esperanza</creator><creator>Saralegui, Claudia</creator><creator>Moles, Laura</creator><creator>Montes, María Teresa</creator><creator>Alba, Claudio</creator><creator>Alarcón, Teresa</creator><creator>Lázaro-Perona, Fernando</creator><creator>Rodríguez, Juan Miguel</creator><creator>Sáenz de Pipaón, Miguel</creator><creator>Del Campo, Rosa</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-7923</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190521</creationdate><title>Influence of a Serratia marcescens outbreak on the gut microbiota establishment process in low-weight preterm neonates</title><author>Escribano, Esperanza ; Saralegui, Claudia ; Moles, Laura ; Montes, María Teresa ; Alba, Claudio ; Alarcón, Teresa ; Lázaro-Perona, Fernando ; Rodríguez, Juan Miguel ; Sáenz de Pipaón, Miguel ; Del Campo, Rosa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-f367c86b77b22ac437e62ad569109a9974318d74e05c6137c12d460d37b7bb5c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Babies</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Birth</topic><topic>Birth weight</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Cross Infection - microbiology</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks</topic><topic>DNA sequencing</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Electrophoresis</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Feces - microbiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics</topic><topic>Gel electrophoresis</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Genotyping</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Low Birth Weight - metabolism</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infant, Premature - metabolism</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Influence</topic><topic>Intensive Care Units, Neonatal</topic><topic>Intestinal microflora</topic><topic>Low concentrations</topic><topic>Low-birth-weight</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Meconium</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Microbial activity</topic><topic>Microbiota</topic><topic>Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Neonatal diseases</topic><topic>Neonatal intensive care</topic><topic>Neonates</topic><topic>Newborn babies</topic><topic>Newborn infants</topic><topic>Nosocomial infection</topic><topic>Outbreaks</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Predators</topic><topic>Premature birth</topic><topic>Premature infants</topic><topic>Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>rRNA 16S</topic><topic>Sepsis</topic><topic>Serratia</topic><topic>Serratia Infections - 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Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Escribano, Esperanza</au><au>Saralegui, Claudia</au><au>Moles, Laura</au><au>Montes, María Teresa</au><au>Alba, Claudio</au><au>Alarcón, Teresa</au><au>Lázaro-Perona, Fernando</au><au>Rodríguez, Juan Miguel</au><au>Sáenz de Pipaón, Miguel</au><au>Del Campo, Rosa</au><au>Grishin, Anatoly V.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of a Serratia marcescens outbreak on the gut microbiota establishment process in low-weight preterm neonates</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-05-21</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>e0216581</spage><epage>e0216581</epage><pages>e0216581-e0216581</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Adequate gut microbiota establishment is important for lifelong health. The aim was to sequentially analyze the gut microbiota establishment in low-birth-weight preterm neonates admitted to a single neonatal intensive care unit during their first 3 weeks of life, comparing two epidemiological scenarios. Seven control infants were recruited, and another 12 during a severe S. marcescens outbreak. Meconium and feces from days 7, 14, and 21 of life were collected. Gut microbiota composition was determined by 16S rDNA massive sequencing. Cultivable isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, with four S. marcescens submitted for whole-genome sequencing. The expected bacterial ecosystem expansion after birth is delayed, possibly related to antibiotic exposure. The Proteobacteria phylum dominates, although with marked interindividual variability. The outbreak group considerably differed from the control group, with higher densities of Escherichia coli and Serratia to the detriment of Enterococcus and other Firmicutes. Curiously, obligate predators were only detected in meconium and at very low concentrations. Genotyping of cultivable bacteria demonstrated the high bacterial horizontal transmission rate that was confirmed with whole-genome sequencing for S. marcescens. Preterm infants admitted at NICU are initially colonized by homogeneous microbial communities, most of them from the nosocomial environment, which subsequently evolve according to the individual conditions. Our results demonstrate the hospital epidemiology pressure, particularly during outbreak situations, on the gut microbiota establishing process.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31112570</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0216581</doi><tpages>e0216581</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-7923</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
ispartof | PloS one, 2019-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0216581-e0216581 |
issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2228658278 |
source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
subjects | Age Analysis Antibiotics Babies Bacteria Biology and Life Sciences Birth Birth weight Care and treatment Composition Cross Infection - microbiology Disease Outbreaks DNA sequencing DNA, Bacterial - genetics DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification DNA, Ribosomal - genetics E coli Ecosystems Electrophoresis Epidemics Epidemiology Escherichia coli Feces Feces - microbiology Female Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics Gel electrophoresis Gene sequencing Genomes Genomics Genotyping Health Health aspects Hospitals Humans Immune system Infant Infant, Low Birth Weight - metabolism Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature - metabolism Infants Influence Intensive Care Units, Neonatal Intestinal microflora Low concentrations Low-birth-weight Male Meconium Medicine and Health Sciences Microbial activity Microbiota Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) Microorganisms Neonatal diseases Neonatal intensive care Neonates Newborn babies Newborn infants Nosocomial infection Outbreaks People and Places Predators Premature birth Premature infants Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Risk factors rRNA 16S Sepsis Serratia Serratia Infections - microbiology Serratia marcescens - genetics Serratia marcescens - growth & development Serratia marcescens - isolation & purification Spain VOCs Volatile organic compounds Weight |
title | Influence of a Serratia marcescens outbreak on the gut microbiota establishment process in low-weight preterm neonates |
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