Live fast, die young: Accelerated growth, mortality, and turnover in street trees

Municipalities are embracing greening initiatives as a key strategy for improving urban sustainability and combatting the environmental impacts of expansive urbanization. Many greening initiatives include goals to increase urban canopy cover through tree planting, however, our understanding of stree...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2019-05, Vol.14 (5), p.e0215846
Hauptverfasser: Smith, Ian A, Dearborn, Victoria K, Hutyra, Lucy R
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description Municipalities are embracing greening initiatives as a key strategy for improving urban sustainability and combatting the environmental impacts of expansive urbanization. Many greening initiatives include goals to increase urban canopy cover through tree planting, however, our understanding of street tree ecosystem dynamics is limited and our understanding of vegetation structure and function based on intact, rural forests does not apply well to urban ecosystems. In this study, we estimate size-specific growth, mortality, and planting rates in trees under municipal control, use a box model to forecast short-term changes in street tree aboveground carbon pools under several planting and management scenarios, and compare our findings to rural, forested systems. We find accelerated rates of carbon cycling in street trees with mean diameter growth rates nearly four times faster in Boston, MA, USA (0.78 ± 0.02 cm yr-1) than in rural forest stands of MA (0.21 ± 0.02 cm yr-1) and mean mortality rates more than double rural forested rates (3.06 ± 0.25% yr-1 in street trees; 1.41 ± 0.04% yr-1 in rural trees). Despite the enhanced growth of urban trees, high mortality losses result in a net loss of street tree carbon storage over time (-0.15 ± 0.09 Mg C ha-1 yr-1). Planting initiatives alone may not be sufficient to maintain or enhance canopy cover and biomass due to the unique demographics of urban ecosystems. Initiatives to aid in the establishment and preservation of tree health are central for increasing street tree canopy cover and maintaining/increasing carbon storage in vegetation. Strategic combinations of planting and maintenance will maximize the viability of greening initiatives as an effective climate mitigation tool.
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Despite the enhanced growth of urban trees, high mortality losses result in a net loss of street tree carbon storage over time (-0.15 ± 0.09 Mg C ha-1 yr-1). Planting initiatives alone may not be sufficient to maintain or enhance canopy cover and biomass due to the unique demographics of urban ecosystems. Initiatives to aid in the establishment and preservation of tree health are central for increasing street tree canopy cover and maintaining/increasing carbon storage in vegetation. Strategic combinations of planting and maintenance will maximize the viability of greening initiatives as an effective climate mitigation tool.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31067257</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0215846</doi><tpages>e0215846</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7198-6183</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Canopies
Carbon
Carbon capture and storage
Carbon cycle
Carbon sequestration
Carbon storage
Censuses
Cities
Climate change
Climate effects
Demographics
Demography
Ecology
Ecosystem dynamics
Ecosystems
Environmental aspects
Environmental changes
Environmental impact
Environmental Monitoring
Forests
Greening
Growth rate
Kinetics
Methods
Mitigation
Models, Statistical
Mortality
Municipalities
Planting
Preservation
Roadside plants
Rural areas
Statistics
Storage
Structure-function relationships
Surveys and Questionnaires
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Sustainable living
Sustainable urban development
Tree planting
Trees
Trees - growth & development
Trends
Urban areas
Urbanization
Vegetation
Viability
title Live fast, die young: Accelerated growth, mortality, and turnover in street trees
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