Investigating the exposure of Iranian households to catastrophic health expenditure due to the need to purchase medicines
Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is an indicator used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess equity in households' payments to the health system. In this paper, we prospectively calculated the population at risk of facing catastrophic expenditure due to purchasing three selected...
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| creator | Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza Emrani, Zahra |
| description | Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is an indicator used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess equity in households' payments to the health system. In this paper, we prospectively calculated the population at risk of facing catastrophic expenditure due to purchasing three selected medicines (metformin, atorvastatin and amoxicillin) in Iran.
This study draws on the data set of the Iranian National Household Survey of 38244 households in Iran. CHE was calculated based on "capacity to pay" using different thresholds.
20, 16 and 3 households had to spend more than 40% of their capacity to pay on amoxicillin, atorvastatin and metformin respectively. Lowest priced generic (LPG) medicines were found more affordable than the original brand (OB) medicines. Age, literacy and gender of head of household, economic status, settlement, size and number of breadwinners in the households share important association with CHE.
Requirement of these specific medicines for long-term may subject the Iranian households to CHE. The study demonstrates important and specific insights for health policy makers in Iran to protect the households from healthcare catastrophes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0214783 |
| format | Article |
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This study draws on the data set of the Iranian National Household Survey of 38244 households in Iran. CHE was calculated based on "capacity to pay" using different thresholds.
20, 16 and 3 households had to spend more than 40% of their capacity to pay on amoxicillin, atorvastatin and metformin respectively. Lowest priced generic (LPG) medicines were found more affordable than the original brand (OB) medicines. Age, literacy and gender of head of household, economic status, settlement, size and number of breadwinners in the households share important association with CHE.
Requirement of these specific medicines for long-term may subject the Iranian households to CHE. The study demonstrates important and specific insights for health policy makers in Iran to protect the households from healthcare catastrophes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214783</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31026261</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amoxicillin ; Amoxicillin - economics ; Atorvastatin ; Atorvastatin - economics ; Catastrophic Illness - economics ; Chronic illnesses ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes ; Disasters ; Drug Costs - statistics & numerical data ; Drugs ; Economic aspects ; Expenditures ; Family income ; Female ; Financing, Personal - economics ; Generic drugs ; Health care ; Health care costs ; Health care policy ; Health Expenditures - statistics & numerical data ; Health policy ; Health Policy - economics ; Households ; Humans ; Iran ; Male ; Mathematical analysis ; Medical economics ; Medicine ; Metformin ; Metformin - economics ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Out-of-pocket expenses ; Penicillins ; Prospective Studies ; Public health ; Purchasing ; Questionnaires ; Self-medication ; Studies ; Surveys ; Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-04, Vol.14 (4), p.e0214783-e0214783</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Amiresmaili, Emrani. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Amiresmaili, Emrani 2019 Amiresmaili, Emrani</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ea9d3df28a037c4f501ed16dd5b319457ac85337619380916fc9f44baae3f4673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ea9d3df28a037c4f501ed16dd5b319457ac85337619380916fc9f44baae3f4673</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8698-3372</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485892/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6485892/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31026261$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Urbanos Garrido, Rosa Maria</contributor><creatorcontrib>Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emrani, Zahra</creatorcontrib><title>Investigating the exposure of Iranian households to catastrophic health expenditure due to the need to purchase medicines</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is an indicator used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess equity in households' payments to the health system. In this paper, we prospectively calculated the population at risk of facing catastrophic expenditure due to purchasing three selected medicines (metformin, atorvastatin and amoxicillin) in Iran.
This study draws on the data set of the Iranian National Household Survey of 38244 households in Iran. CHE was calculated based on "capacity to pay" using different thresholds.
20, 16 and 3 households had to spend more than 40% of their capacity to pay on amoxicillin, atorvastatin and metformin respectively. Lowest priced generic (LPG) medicines were found more affordable than the original brand (OB) medicines. Age, literacy and gender of head of household, economic status, settlement, size and number of breadwinners in the households share important association with CHE.
Requirement of these specific medicines for long-term may subject the Iranian households to CHE. The study demonstrates important and specific insights for health policy makers in Iran to protect the households from healthcare catastrophes.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Amoxicillin</subject><subject>Amoxicillin - economics</subject><subject>Atorvastatin</subject><subject>Atorvastatin - economics</subject><subject>Catastrophic Illness - economics</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Disasters</subject><subject>Drug Costs - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Economic aspects</subject><subject>Expenditures</subject><subject>Family income</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Financing, Personal - economics</subject><subject>Generic drugs</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health care costs</subject><subject>Health care policy</subject><subject>Health Expenditures - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Health policy</subject><subject>Health Policy - 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economics</topic><topic>Atorvastatin</topic><topic>Atorvastatin - economics</topic><topic>Catastrophic Illness - economics</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Disasters</topic><topic>Drug Costs - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Economic aspects</topic><topic>Expenditures</topic><topic>Family income</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Financing, Personal - economics</topic><topic>Generic drugs</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Health care costs</topic><topic>Health care policy</topic><topic>Health Expenditures - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Health policy</topic><topic>Health Policy - economics</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iran</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mathematical analysis</topic><topic>Medical economics</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Metformin</topic><topic>Metformin - economics</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Out-of-pocket expenses</topic><topic>Penicillins</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Purchasing</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Self-medication</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Emrani, Zahra</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amiresmaili, Mohammadreza</au><au>Emrani, Zahra</au><au>Urbanos Garrido, Rosa Maria</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Investigating the exposure of Iranian households to catastrophic health expenditure due to the need to purchase medicines</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-04-26</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0214783</spage><epage>e0214783</epage><pages>e0214783-e0214783</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is an indicator used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assess equity in households' payments to the health system. In this paper, we prospectively calculated the population at risk of facing catastrophic expenditure due to purchasing three selected medicines (metformin, atorvastatin and amoxicillin) in Iran.
This study draws on the data set of the Iranian National Household Survey of 38244 households in Iran. CHE was calculated based on "capacity to pay" using different thresholds.
20, 16 and 3 households had to spend more than 40% of their capacity to pay on amoxicillin, atorvastatin and metformin respectively. Lowest priced generic (LPG) medicines were found more affordable than the original brand (OB) medicines. Age, literacy and gender of head of household, economic status, settlement, size and number of breadwinners in the households share important association with CHE.
Requirement of these specific medicines for long-term may subject the Iranian households to CHE. The study demonstrates important and specific insights for health policy makers in Iran to protect the households from healthcare catastrophes.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31026261</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0214783</doi><tpages>e0214783</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-3372</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Amoxicillin Amoxicillin - economics Atorvastatin Atorvastatin - economics Catastrophic Illness - economics Chronic illnesses Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Disasters Drug Costs - statistics & numerical data Drugs Economic aspects Expenditures Family income Female Financing, Personal - economics Generic drugs Health care Health care costs Health care policy Health Expenditures - statistics & numerical data Health policy Health Policy - economics Households Humans Iran Male Mathematical analysis Medical economics Medicine Metformin Metformin - economics Methods Middle Aged Out-of-pocket expenses Penicillins Prospective Studies Public health Purchasing Questionnaires Self-medication Studies Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires |
| title | Investigating the exposure of Iranian households to catastrophic health expenditure due to the need to purchase medicines |
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