In vitro chondroprotective potential of Senna alata and Senna tora in porcine cartilage explants and their species differentiation by DNA barcoding-high resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis
Senna species and anthraquinone derivatives generated by these organisms, rhein and aloe-emodin, exert anti-inflammatory effects. These species present a similar morphology but produce different ingredients when they are used as medicinal products. In this study, a DNA barcoding- (Bar-) high-resolut...
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| creator | Ongchai, Siriwan Chokchaitaweesuk, Chatchadawalai Kongdang, Patiwat Chomdej, Siriwadee Buddhachat, Kittisak |
| description | Senna species and anthraquinone derivatives generated by these organisms, rhein and aloe-emodin, exert anti-inflammatory effects. These species present a similar morphology but produce different ingredients when they are used as medicinal products. In this study, a DNA barcoding- (Bar-) high-resolution melting (HRM) technique was developed using internal transcribed sequence 2 (ITS2) to differentiate between Senna alata and Senna tora as a result of significant differences in their melting profiles. We used this approach for confirmation of S. alata and S. tora raw materials, and we examined the chondroprotective properties of the ethanolic extracts of S. alata and S. tora using a porcine model of cartilage degradation induced by a combination of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-1β. We found that both Senna ethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, effectively prevented cartilage degradation. Rhein and aloe-emodin were present in the extract of S. alata but not in that of S. tora. We observed a reduction in the release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into media in both treatments of Senna extracts, which indicated proteoglycan preservation in explant tissues. These results suggest that neither rhein nor aloe-emodin are the main factors responsible for cartilage-protecting properties. Taken together, results show that both S. alata and S. tora are promising for further development as anti-osteoarthritic agents and that Bar-HRM using ITS2 could be applied for species confirmation with Senna products. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0215664 |
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These species present a similar morphology but produce different ingredients when they are used as medicinal products. In this study, a DNA barcoding- (Bar-) high-resolution melting (HRM) technique was developed using internal transcribed sequence 2 (ITS2) to differentiate between Senna alata and Senna tora as a result of significant differences in their melting profiles. We used this approach for confirmation of S. alata and S. tora raw materials, and we examined the chondroprotective properties of the ethanolic extracts of S. alata and S. tora using a porcine model of cartilage degradation induced by a combination of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-1β. We found that both Senna ethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, effectively prevented cartilage degradation. Rhein and aloe-emodin were present in the extract of S. alata but not in that of S. tora. We observed a reduction in the release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into media in both treatments of Senna extracts, which indicated proteoglycan preservation in explant tissues. These results suggest that neither rhein nor aloe-emodin are the main factors responsible for cartilage-protecting properties. Taken together, results show that both S. alata and S. tora are promising for further development as anti-osteoarthritic agents and that Bar-HRM using ITS2 could be applied for species confirmation with Senna products.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215664</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31002692</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aloe ; Animals ; Anthraquinone ; Anthraquinones ; Anti-inflammatory agents ; Arthritis ; Backup software ; Bar codes ; Base Sequence ; Biochemistry ; Biocompatibility ; Biomedical materials ; Cartilage ; Cartilage - drug effects ; Cartilage - metabolism ; Cartilage - pathology ; Cartilage diseases ; Collagen Type II - metabolism ; Cytokines ; Degradation ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Disease Models, Animal ; DNA ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic - methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics ; Drugs ; EDTA ; Emodin ; Ethanol - chemistry ; Explants ; Gene sequencing ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic research ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Herbal medicine ; High resolution ; Hyaluronic acid ; IL-1β ; Inflammation ; Interleukins ; Leaves ; Medicine ; Melting ; Morphology ; Mucopolysaccharides ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoarthritis - metabolism ; Osteoarthritis - prevention & control ; Phytotherapy - methods ; Preservation ; Protective Agents - pharmacology ; Proteoglycans ; Proteoglycans - metabolism ; Raw materials ; Senna alata ; Senna Extract - chemistry ; Senna Extract - pharmacology ; Senna Plant - chemistry ; Senna Plant - classification ; Senna Plant - genetics ; Senna tora ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Species ; Species Specificity ; Stem cells ; Sulfates ; Swine ; Tissue engineering</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-04, Vol.14 (4), p.e0215664-e0215664</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Ongchai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Ongchai et al 2019 Ongchai et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-95932e3da47570fb1e684cd35c795d980f4a31f2d0a81fdd79b328dcba4e42803</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-95932e3da47570fb1e684cd35c795d980f4a31f2d0a81fdd79b328dcba4e42803</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4746-9861</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6474626/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6474626/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31002692$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ongchai, Siriwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chokchaitaweesuk, Chatchadawalai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kongdang, Patiwat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chomdej, Siriwadee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buddhachat, Kittisak</creatorcontrib><title>In vitro chondroprotective potential of Senna alata and Senna tora in porcine cartilage explants and their species differentiation by DNA barcoding-high resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Senna species and anthraquinone derivatives generated by these organisms, rhein and aloe-emodin, exert anti-inflammatory effects. These species present a similar morphology but produce different ingredients when they are used as medicinal products. In this study, a DNA barcoding- (Bar-) high-resolution melting (HRM) technique was developed using internal transcribed sequence 2 (ITS2) to differentiate between Senna alata and Senna tora as a result of significant differences in their melting profiles. We used this approach for confirmation of S. alata and S. tora raw materials, and we examined the chondroprotective properties of the ethanolic extracts of S. alata and S. tora using a porcine model of cartilage degradation induced by a combination of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-1β. We found that both Senna ethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, effectively prevented cartilage degradation. Rhein and aloe-emodin were present in the extract of S. alata but not in that of S. tora. We observed a reduction in the release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into media in both treatments of Senna extracts, which indicated proteoglycan preservation in explant tissues. These results suggest that neither rhein nor aloe-emodin are the main factors responsible for cartilage-protecting properties. Taken together, results show that both S. alata and S. tora are promising for further development as anti-osteoarthritic agents and that Bar-HRM using ITS2 could be applied for species confirmation with Senna products.</description><subject>Aloe</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anthraquinone</subject><subject>Anthraquinones</subject><subject>Anti-inflammatory agents</subject><subject>Arthritis</subject><subject>Backup software</subject><subject>Bar codes</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Cartilage</subject><subject>Cartilage - drug effects</subject><subject>Cartilage - metabolism</subject><subject>Cartilage - pathology</subject><subject>Cartilage diseases</subject><subject>Collagen Type II - metabolism</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic - methods</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>EDTA</subject><subject>Emodin</subject><subject>Ethanol - chemistry</subject><subject>Explants</subject><subject>Gene sequencing</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic research</subject><subject>Glycosaminoglycans</subject><subject>Herbal medicine</subject><subject>High resolution</subject><subject>Hyaluronic acid</subject><subject>IL-1β</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Interleukins</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Melting</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Mucopolysaccharides</subject><subject>Osteoarthritis</subject><subject>Osteoarthritis - metabolism</subject><subject>Osteoarthritis - prevention & control</subject><subject>Phytotherapy - methods</subject><subject>Preservation</subject><subject>Protective Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Proteoglycans</subject><subject>Proteoglycans - metabolism</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Senna alata</subject><subject>Senna Extract - chemistry</subject><subject>Senna Extract - pharmacology</subject><subject>Senna Plant - chemistry</subject><subject>Senna Plant - classification</subject><subject>Senna Plant - genetics</subject><subject>Senna tora</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Stem cells</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Tissue engineering</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkl1v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBY4mZctNhO7CQ3SGV8rNIAiY9r68R2Wk-uHWy3on-O34bTZtOGuEkc5_Fjn9enKJ4TPCdlTd5c-21wYOeDd3qOKWGcVw-KU9KWdMYpLh_eGZ8UT2K8xpiVDeePi5OSYEx5S0-LP0uHdiYFj-TaOxX8EHzSMpmdRkMeuWTAIt-j79o5QGAh5adT03fyAZBxGQ3SOI0khGQsrDTSvwcLLsUDnNbaBBQHLY2OSJm-1-GgTsY71O3R-y8L1EGQXhm3mq3Nao2Cjt5uD8BG25Tn0fk7CLPLb59fZynYfTTxafGoBxv1s-l9Vvz8-OHHxeXs6uun5cXiaiYZq9KsZTkJXSqoalbjviOaN5VUJZN1y1Tb4L6CkvRUYWhIr1TddiVtlOyg0hVtcHlWvDx6B-ujmKKPglJCeN3wmmVieSSUh2sxBLOBsBcejDhM-LASYzbSasFaDk0tsaY1q7peAtYthfF2VNmRhmfX22m3bbfRSuaoAth70vt_nFmLld8JXtUVp6PgfBIE_2urYxIbE6W2-Ua03x7P3TJCcJXRV_-g_69uolaQCzCu93lfOUrFgjU0p1tjmqnqSMngYwy6vz0ywWJs2hu3GJtWTE2bl724W-7topsuLf8CvrztMw</recordid><startdate>20190419</startdate><enddate>20190419</enddate><creator>Ongchai, Siriwan</creator><creator>Chokchaitaweesuk, Chatchadawalai</creator><creator>Kongdang, Patiwat</creator><creator>Chomdej, Siriwadee</creator><creator>Buddhachat, Kittisak</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-9861</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190419</creationdate><title>In vitro chondroprotective potential of Senna alata and Senna tora in porcine cartilage explants and their species differentiation by DNA barcoding-high resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis</title><author>Ongchai, Siriwan ; Chokchaitaweesuk, Chatchadawalai ; Kongdang, Patiwat ; Chomdej, Siriwadee ; Buddhachat, Kittisak</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c554t-95932e3da47570fb1e684cd35c795d980f4a31f2d0a81fdd79b328dcba4e42803</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Aloe</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anthraquinone</topic><topic>Anthraquinones</topic><topic>Anti-inflammatory agents</topic><topic>Arthritis</topic><topic>Backup software</topic><topic>Bar codes</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biocompatibility</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Cartilage</topic><topic>Cartilage - drug effects</topic><topic>Cartilage - metabolism</topic><topic>Cartilage - pathology</topic><topic>Cartilage diseases</topic><topic>Collagen Type II - metabolism</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic - methods</topic><topic>DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>EDTA</topic><topic>Emodin</topic><topic>Ethanol - chemistry</topic><topic>Explants</topic><topic>Gene sequencing</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic research</topic><topic>Glycosaminoglycans</topic><topic>Herbal medicine</topic><topic>High resolution</topic><topic>Hyaluronic acid</topic><topic>IL-1β</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Interleukins</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Melting</topic><topic>Morphology</topic><topic>Mucopolysaccharides</topic><topic>Osteoarthritis</topic><topic>Osteoarthritis - metabolism</topic><topic>Osteoarthritis - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ongchai, Siriwan</au><au>Chokchaitaweesuk, Chatchadawalai</au><au>Kongdang, Patiwat</au><au>Chomdej, Siriwadee</au><au>Buddhachat, Kittisak</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>In vitro chondroprotective potential of Senna alata and Senna tora in porcine cartilage explants and their species differentiation by DNA barcoding-high resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-04-19</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e0215664</spage><epage>e0215664</epage><pages>e0215664-e0215664</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Senna species and anthraquinone derivatives generated by these organisms, rhein and aloe-emodin, exert anti-inflammatory effects. These species present a similar morphology but produce different ingredients when they are used as medicinal products. In this study, a DNA barcoding- (Bar-) high-resolution melting (HRM) technique was developed using internal transcribed sequence 2 (ITS2) to differentiate between Senna alata and Senna tora as a result of significant differences in their melting profiles. We used this approach for confirmation of S. alata and S. tora raw materials, and we examined the chondroprotective properties of the ethanolic extracts of S. alata and S. tora using a porcine model of cartilage degradation induced by a combination of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-1β. We found that both Senna ethanolic extracts, at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, effectively prevented cartilage degradation. Rhein and aloe-emodin were present in the extract of S. alata but not in that of S. tora. We observed a reduction in the release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (S-GAGs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) into media in both treatments of Senna extracts, which indicated proteoglycan preservation in explant tissues. These results suggest that neither rhein nor aloe-emodin are the main factors responsible for cartilage-protecting properties. Taken together, results show that both S. alata and S. tora are promising for further development as anti-osteoarthritic agents and that Bar-HRM using ITS2 could be applied for species confirmation with Senna products.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>31002692</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0215664</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-9861</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2019-04, Vol.14 (4), p.e0215664-e0215664 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2211678675 |
| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Aloe Animals Anthraquinone Anthraquinones Anti-inflammatory agents Arthritis Backup software Bar codes Base Sequence Biochemistry Biocompatibility Biomedical materials Cartilage Cartilage - drug effects Cartilage - metabolism Cartilage - pathology Cartilage diseases Collagen Type II - metabolism Cytokines Degradation Deoxyribonucleic acid Disease Models, Animal DNA DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic - methods DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - genetics Drugs EDTA Emodin Ethanol - chemistry Explants Gene sequencing Genetic aspects Genetic research Glycosaminoglycans Herbal medicine High resolution Hyaluronic acid IL-1β Inflammation Interleukins Leaves Medicine Melting Morphology Mucopolysaccharides Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis - metabolism Osteoarthritis - prevention & control Phytotherapy - methods Preservation Protective Agents - pharmacology Proteoglycans Proteoglycans - metabolism Raw materials Senna alata Senna Extract - chemistry Senna Extract - pharmacology Senna Plant - chemistry Senna Plant - classification Senna Plant - genetics Senna tora Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid Species Species Specificity Stem cells Sulfates Swine Tissue engineering |
| title | In vitro chondroprotective potential of Senna alata and Senna tora in porcine cartilage explants and their species differentiation by DNA barcoding-high resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis |
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