Development of high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for human hair shaft proteome

The primary components of human hair shaft-keratin and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), together with their cross-linked networks-are the underlying reason for its rigid structure. It is therefore requisite to overcome the obstacle of hair insolubility and establish a reliable protocol for the pr...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2019-03, Vol.14 (3), p.e0213947-e0213947
Hauptverfasser: Wong, Sing Ying, Hashim, Onn Haji, Hayashi, Nobuhiro
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page e0213947
container_issue 3
container_start_page e0213947
container_title PloS one
container_volume 14
creator Wong, Sing Ying
Hashim, Onn Haji
Hayashi, Nobuhiro
description The primary components of human hair shaft-keratin and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), together with their cross-linked networks-are the underlying reason for its rigid structure. It is therefore requisite to overcome the obstacle of hair insolubility and establish a reliable protocol for the proteome analysis of this accessible specimen. The present study employed an alkaline-based method for the efficient isolation of hair proteins and subsequently examined them using gel-based proteomics. The introduction of two proteomic protocols, namely the conventional and modified protocol, have resulted in the detection of more than 400 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). When compared, the modified protocol is deemed to improve overall reproducibility, whilst offering a quick overview of the total protein distribution of hair. The development of this high-performance protocol is hoped to provide a new approach for hair analysis, which could possibly lead to the discovery of biomarkers for hair in health and diseases in the future.
doi_str_mv 10.1371/journal.pone.0213947
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2194689992</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A579246889</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_90dcec304e0e4f08be62220a7539d8c4</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A579246889</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c802t-8fbd219d052bfa575ac3db49381298343191659e9147cca53cd0ff18d7abb8403</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk0tr3DAQx01padK036C0hkJpD97q4Yd0KYT0tRAI9HUVsjyyFWzLkeS0_fbVZp2wLjkUHSRGv_mPZjSTJM8x2mBa4XeXdnaj7DeTHWGDCKY8rx4kx5hTkpUE0YcH56PkifeXCBWUleXj5Igixjjm1XEiP8A19HYaYAyp1Wln2i6bwGnrBjkqSMMvmzUmXntjY7i0hT6FHlRwduqsA298GuG0myOfdtK41HdSh3RyNoAd4GnySMvew7NlP0l-fPr4_exLdn7xeXt2ep4phkjImK4bgnmDClJrWVSFVLSpc04ZJpzRnGKOy4IDx3mllCyoapDWmDWVrGuWI3qSvNzrTr31YqmOF1EzLxnnnERiuycaKy_F5Mwg3R9hpRE3ButaIV0wqgfBUaNAUZQDglwjVkNJCEGyKihvmMqj1vsl2lwPEOExONmvRNc3o-lEa69FmZOc3jzmzSLg7NUMPojBeAV9L0ew8_7dBSOM7zJ79Q96f3YL1cqYgBm1jXHVTlScFhUnkWM8Upt7qLgaGIyKraRNtK8c3q4cIhPgd2jl7L3Yfvv6_-zFzzX7-oDtQPah87afQ2wzvwbzPaic9d6BvisyRmI3CbfVELtJEMskRLcXhx9053Tb-vQvycIEnA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2194689992</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Development of high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for human hair shaft proteome</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Wong, Sing Ying ; Hashim, Onn Haji ; Hayashi, Nobuhiro</creator><contributor>Lau, Andy T. Y.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Wong, Sing Ying ; Hashim, Onn Haji ; Hayashi, Nobuhiro ; Lau, Andy T. Y.</creatorcontrib><description>The primary components of human hair shaft-keratin and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), together with their cross-linked networks-are the underlying reason for its rigid structure. It is therefore requisite to overcome the obstacle of hair insolubility and establish a reliable protocol for the proteome analysis of this accessible specimen. The present study employed an alkaline-based method for the efficient isolation of hair proteins and subsequently examined them using gel-based proteomics. The introduction of two proteomic protocols, namely the conventional and modified protocol, have resulted in the detection of more than 400 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). When compared, the modified protocol is deemed to improve overall reproducibility, whilst offering a quick overview of the total protein distribution of hair. The development of this high-performance protocol is hoped to provide a new approach for hair analysis, which could possibly lead to the discovery of biomarkers for hair in health and diseases in the future.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213947</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30889197</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Biological markers ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomarkers ; Crosslinking ; EDTA ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional - methods ; Gel electrophoresis ; Hair ; Hair - chemistry ; Humans ; Keratin ; Keratins - analysis ; Keratins - isolation &amp; purification ; Life sciences ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Protein expression ; Proteins ; Proteome - analysis ; Proteome - isolation &amp; purification ; Proteomics ; Proteomics - methods ; Proteomics - statistics &amp; numerical data ; Reproducibility ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rigid structures</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-03, Vol.14 (3), p.e0213947-e0213947</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Wong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Wong et al 2019 Wong et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c802t-8fbd219d052bfa575ac3db49381298343191659e9147cca53cd0ff18d7abb8403</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c802t-8fbd219d052bfa575ac3db49381298343191659e9147cca53cd0ff18d7abb8403</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9950-094X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6424392/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6424392/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,866,887,2104,2930,23873,27931,27932,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30889197$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Lau, Andy T. Y.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Wong, Sing Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hashim, Onn Haji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Nobuhiro</creatorcontrib><title>Development of high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for human hair shaft proteome</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The primary components of human hair shaft-keratin and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), together with their cross-linked networks-are the underlying reason for its rigid structure. It is therefore requisite to overcome the obstacle of hair insolubility and establish a reliable protocol for the proteome analysis of this accessible specimen. The present study employed an alkaline-based method for the efficient isolation of hair proteins and subsequently examined them using gel-based proteomics. The introduction of two proteomic protocols, namely the conventional and modified protocol, have resulted in the detection of more than 400 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). When compared, the modified protocol is deemed to improve overall reproducibility, whilst offering a quick overview of the total protein distribution of hair. The development of this high-performance protocol is hoped to provide a new approach for hair analysis, which could possibly lead to the discovery of biomarkers for hair in health and diseases in the future.</description><subject>Biological markers</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>EDTA</subject><subject>Electrophoresis</subject><subject>Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional - methods</subject><subject>Gel electrophoresis</subject><subject>Hair</subject><subject>Hair - chemistry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Keratin</subject><subject>Keratins - analysis</subject><subject>Keratins - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Protein expression</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proteome - analysis</subject><subject>Proteome - isolation &amp; purification</subject><subject>Proteomics</subject><subject>Proteomics - methods</subject><subject>Proteomics - statistics &amp; numerical data</subject><subject>Reproducibility</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Rigid structures</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk0tr3DAQx01padK036C0hkJpD97q4Yd0KYT0tRAI9HUVsjyyFWzLkeS0_fbVZp2wLjkUHSRGv_mPZjSTJM8x2mBa4XeXdnaj7DeTHWGDCKY8rx4kx5hTkpUE0YcH56PkifeXCBWUleXj5Igixjjm1XEiP8A19HYaYAyp1Wln2i6bwGnrBjkqSMMvmzUmXntjY7i0hT6FHlRwduqsA298GuG0myOfdtK41HdSh3RyNoAd4GnySMvew7NlP0l-fPr4_exLdn7xeXt2ep4phkjImK4bgnmDClJrWVSFVLSpc04ZJpzRnGKOy4IDx3mllCyoapDWmDWVrGuWI3qSvNzrTr31YqmOF1EzLxnnnERiuycaKy_F5Mwg3R9hpRE3ButaIV0wqgfBUaNAUZQDglwjVkNJCEGyKihvmMqj1vsl2lwPEOExONmvRNc3o-lEa69FmZOc3jzmzSLg7NUMPojBeAV9L0ew8_7dBSOM7zJ79Q96f3YL1cqYgBm1jXHVTlScFhUnkWM8Upt7qLgaGIyKraRNtK8c3q4cIhPgd2jl7L3Yfvv6_-zFzzX7-oDtQPah87afQ2wzvwbzPaic9d6BvisyRmI3CbfVELtJEMskRLcXhx9053Tb-vQvycIEnA</recordid><startdate>20190319</startdate><enddate>20190319</enddate><creator>Wong, Sing Ying</creator><creator>Hashim, Onn Haji</creator><creator>Hayashi, Nobuhiro</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-094X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190319</creationdate><title>Development of high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for human hair shaft proteome</title><author>Wong, Sing Ying ; Hashim, Onn Haji ; Hayashi, Nobuhiro</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c802t-8fbd219d052bfa575ac3db49381298343191659e9147cca53cd0ff18d7abb8403</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Biological markers</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>EDTA</topic><topic>Electrophoresis</topic><topic>Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional - methods</topic><topic>Gel electrophoresis</topic><topic>Hair</topic><topic>Hair - chemistry</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Keratin</topic><topic>Keratins - analysis</topic><topic>Keratins - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Life sciences</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Protein expression</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Proteome - analysis</topic><topic>Proteome - isolation &amp; purification</topic><topic>Proteomics</topic><topic>Proteomics - methods</topic><topic>Proteomics - statistics &amp; numerical data</topic><topic>Reproducibility</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Rigid structures</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wong, Sing Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hashim, Onn Haji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hayashi, Nobuhiro</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science &amp; Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural &amp; Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies &amp; Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wong, Sing Ying</au><au>Hashim, Onn Haji</au><au>Hayashi, Nobuhiro</au><au>Lau, Andy T. Y.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Development of high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for human hair shaft proteome</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-03-19</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0213947</spage><epage>e0213947</epage><pages>e0213947-e0213947</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The primary components of human hair shaft-keratin and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), together with their cross-linked networks-are the underlying reason for its rigid structure. It is therefore requisite to overcome the obstacle of hair insolubility and establish a reliable protocol for the proteome analysis of this accessible specimen. The present study employed an alkaline-based method for the efficient isolation of hair proteins and subsequently examined them using gel-based proteomics. The introduction of two proteomic protocols, namely the conventional and modified protocol, have resulted in the detection of more than 400 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE). When compared, the modified protocol is deemed to improve overall reproducibility, whilst offering a quick overview of the total protein distribution of hair. The development of this high-performance protocol is hoped to provide a new approach for hair analysis, which could possibly lead to the discovery of biomarkers for hair in health and diseases in the future.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30889197</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0213947</doi><tpages>e0213947</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9950-094X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1932-6203
ispartof PloS one, 2019-03, Vol.14 (3), p.e0213947-e0213947
issn 1932-6203
1932-6203
language eng
recordid cdi_plos_journals_2194689992
source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Biological markers
Biology and Life Sciences
Biomarkers
Crosslinking
EDTA
Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional - methods
Gel electrophoresis
Hair
Hair - chemistry
Humans
Keratin
Keratins - analysis
Keratins - isolation & purification
Life sciences
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Protein expression
Proteins
Proteome - analysis
Proteome - isolation & purification
Proteomics
Proteomics - methods
Proteomics - statistics & numerical data
Reproducibility
Reproducibility of Results
Research and Analysis Methods
Rigid structures
title Development of high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for human hair shaft proteome
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-05T13%3A08%3A57IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Development%20of%20high-performance%20two-dimensional%20gel%20electrophoresis%20for%20human%20hair%20shaft%20proteome&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Wong,%20Sing%20Ying&rft.date=2019-03-19&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e0213947&rft.epage=e0213947&rft.pages=e0213947-e0213947&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0213947&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA579246889%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2194689992&rft_id=info:pmid/30889197&rft_galeid=A579246889&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_90dcec304e0e4f08be62220a7539d8c4&rfr_iscdi=true