Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India
Despite polio eradication, nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) detection amid polio surveillance, which is considered to have implications in paralysis, requires attention. The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus invest...
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| description | Despite polio eradication, nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) detection amid polio surveillance, which is considered to have implications in paralysis, requires attention. The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus investigated. A total of 1839 stool samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from UP, India, between January 2010 and October 2011 were analyzed as per the WHO algorithm. A total of 359 NPAFP cases yielded NPEVs, which were subjected to microneutralization assay, partial VP1 gene-based molecular serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Demographic and clinical-epidemiological features were also ascertained. Echoviruses (29%) and Coxsackievirus (CV)-B (17%) were the most common viruses identified by the microneutralization assay. The molecular genotyping characterized the NPEVs into 34 different serotypes, corresponding to Enterovirus (EV)-A (1.6%), EV-B (94%) and EV-C (5.3%) species. The rarely described EV serotypes, such as EV-C95, CV-A20, EV-C105, EV-B75, EV-B101, and EV-B107, were also identified. NPEV-associated AFP was more prevalent in younger male children, peaked in the monsoon months and was predominantly found in the central part of the state. The NPEV strains isolated in the study exhibited genetic diversity from those isolated in other countries. These form part of a different cluster or subcluster existing in cocirculation, limited to India only. This study augments the understanding of epidemiological features and demonstrates the extensive diversity exhibited by the NPEV strains in NPAFP cases from the polio-endemic region. It also underscores the need or effective long-term strategies to monitor NPEV circulation and its associated health risks in the post-polio eradication era. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0208902 |
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The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus investigated. A total of 1839 stool samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from UP, India, between January 2010 and October 2011 were analyzed as per the WHO algorithm. A total of 359 NPAFP cases yielded NPEVs, which were subjected to microneutralization assay, partial VP1 gene-based molecular serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Demographic and clinical-epidemiological features were also ascertained. Echoviruses (29%) and Coxsackievirus (CV)-B (17%) were the most common viruses identified by the microneutralization assay. The molecular genotyping characterized the NPEVs into 34 different serotypes, corresponding to Enterovirus (EV)-A (1.6%), EV-B (94%) and EV-C (5.3%) species. The rarely described EV serotypes, such as EV-C95, CV-A20, EV-C105, EV-B75, EV-B101, and EV-B107, were also identified. NPEV-associated AFP was more prevalent in younger male children, peaked in the monsoon months and was predominantly found in the central part of the state. The NPEV strains isolated in the study exhibited genetic diversity from those isolated in other countries. These form part of a different cluster or subcluster existing in cocirculation, limited to India only. This study augments the understanding of epidemiological features and demonstrates the extensive diversity exhibited by the NPEV strains in NPAFP cases from the polio-endemic region. 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This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Maan et al 2019 Maan et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7fb4a89841f9a085c5ea2fe90471c3da88ece464ed099c9baaa58dd99f4af9fc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7fb4a89841f9a085c5ea2fe90471c3da88ece464ed099c9baaa58dd99f4af9fc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8900-4627</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6353074/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6353074/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30699113$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Maan, Harjeet Singh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dhole, Tapan N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chowdhary, Rashmi</creatorcontrib><title>Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Despite polio eradication, nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) detection amid polio surveillance, which is considered to have implications in paralysis, requires attention. The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus investigated. A total of 1839 stool samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from UP, India, between January 2010 and October 2011 were analyzed as per the WHO algorithm. A total of 359 NPAFP cases yielded NPEVs, which were subjected to microneutralization assay, partial VP1 gene-based molecular serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Demographic and clinical-epidemiological features were also ascertained. Echoviruses (29%) and Coxsackievirus (CV)-B (17%) were the most common viruses identified by the microneutralization assay. The molecular genotyping characterized the NPEVs into 34 different serotypes, corresponding to Enterovirus (EV)-A (1.6%), EV-B (94%) and EV-C (5.3%) species. The rarely described EV serotypes, such as EV-C95, CV-A20, EV-C105, EV-B75, EV-B101, and EV-B107, were also identified. 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It also underscores the need or effective long-term strategies to monitor NPEV circulation and its associated health risks in the post-polio eradication era.</description><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Chi-Square Distribution</subject><subject>Child health</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cloning</subject><subject>Computer and Information Sciences</subject><subject>Coxsackievirus infections</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Encephalitis</subject><subject>Enterovirus - genetics</subject><subject>Enterovirus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Enterovirus infections</subject><subject>Enterovirus Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Enterovirus Infections - genetics</subject><subject>Enterovirus Infections - virology</subject><subject>Enteroviruses</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>Genotyping</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Identification</subject><subject>India</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Paralysis</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Poliomyelitis</subject><subject>Poliomyelitis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Poliomyelitis - genetics</subject><subject>Poliomyelitis - virology</subject><subject>Research and analysis methods</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Serogroup</subject><subject>Serotypes</subject><subject>Serotyping</subject><subject>Strains (organisms)</subject><subject>Treatment outcome</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Virology</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>VP1 protein</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk11v0zAUhiMEYmPwDxBYQkIg0eLE-bBvkKaJj0oTQ8C4tU790XhK7c52BuP38ENx2rRq0S5QLhKdPO_r49c-WfY0x9OcNPnbK9d7C9105aya4gJThot72XHOSDGpC0zu730fZY9CuMK4IrSuH2ZHBNeM5Tk5zv7MpLLRaCMgGmcRWIlECx5EVN783hSdRtbZleuMQ4lW3t0Y3wcEIThhICqJfprY7qAJiD4qpDsQwki0SnbdbTABGYu2LlItjUAhJvXgfxkjePTFg1ShfYM-Ox9b5S2aWWngcfZAQxfUk_F9kl1-eP_97NPk_OLj7Oz0fCJqVsRJo-clUEbLXDPAtBKVgkIrhssmF0QCpUqosi6VxIwJNgeAikrJmC5BMy3ISfZ847vqXOBjwIEXeUOaitGiTMRsQ0gHV3zlzRL8LXdg-Lrg_IKDj0Z0ilMJZVXoeq7K1FGZkldCMihwQRgROU1e78bV-vlSSZGSTTkdmB7-sablC3fDa1IR3AzNvBoNvLvuVYh8aYJQXQdWuX7dNyspJWRAX_yD3r27kVpA2oCx2qV1xWDKT6smuVWsyBM1vYNKz_pI023UJtUPBK8PBImJ6ldcQB8Cn337-v_sxY9D9uUe2yroYhtc1w93NhyC5QYU3oXgld6FnGM-DNM2DT4MEx-HKcme7R_QTrSdHvIXGlQeeg</recordid><startdate>20190130</startdate><enddate>20190130</enddate><creator>Maan, Harjeet Singh</creator><creator>Dhole, Tapan N</creator><creator>Chowdhary, Rashmi</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4627</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20190130</creationdate><title>Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India</title><author>Maan, Harjeet Singh ; Dhole, Tapan N ; Chowdhary, Rashmi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-7fb4a89841f9a085c5ea2fe90471c3da88ece464ed099c9baaa58dd99f4af9fc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Case studies</topic><topic>Chi-Square Distribution</topic><topic>Child health</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cloning</topic><topic>Computer and Information Sciences</topic><topic>Coxsackievirus infections</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Encephalitis</topic><topic>Enterovirus - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Maan, Harjeet Singh</au><au>Dhole, Tapan N</au><au>Chowdhary, Rashmi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-01-30</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0208902</spage><epage>e0208902</epage><pages>e0208902-e0208902</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Despite polio eradication, nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) detection amid polio surveillance, which is considered to have implications in paralysis, requires attention. The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus investigated. A total of 1839 stool samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from UP, India, between January 2010 and October 2011 were analyzed as per the WHO algorithm. A total of 359 NPAFP cases yielded NPEVs, which were subjected to microneutralization assay, partial VP1 gene-based molecular serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Demographic and clinical-epidemiological features were also ascertained. Echoviruses (29%) and Coxsackievirus (CV)-B (17%) were the most common viruses identified by the microneutralization assay. The molecular genotyping characterized the NPEVs into 34 different serotypes, corresponding to Enterovirus (EV)-A (1.6%), EV-B (94%) and EV-C (5.3%) species. The rarely described EV serotypes, such as EV-C95, CV-A20, EV-C105, EV-B75, EV-B101, and EV-B107, were also identified. NPEV-associated AFP was more prevalent in younger male children, peaked in the monsoon months and was predominantly found in the central part of the state. The NPEV strains isolated in the study exhibited genetic diversity from those isolated in other countries. These form part of a different cluster or subcluster existing in cocirculation, limited to India only. This study augments the understanding of epidemiological features and demonstrates the extensive diversity exhibited by the NPEV strains in NPAFP cases from the polio-endemic region. It also underscores the need or effective long-term strategies to monitor NPEV circulation and its associated health risks in the post-polio eradication era.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30699113</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0208902</doi><tpages>e0208902</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4627</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Algorithms Analysis Biodiversity Biology and Life Sciences Case studies Chi-Square Distribution Child health Children Cloning Computer and Information Sciences Coxsackievirus infections Demographics Encephalitis Enterovirus - genetics Enterovirus - pathogenicity Enterovirus infections Enterovirus Infections - epidemiology Enterovirus Infections - genetics Enterovirus Infections - virology Enteroviruses Epidemiology Female Genes Genetic aspects Genetic diversity Genotype Genotyping Health risks Humans Identification India Infection Infectious diseases Laboratories Male Medicine and Health Sciences Monsoons Paralysis People and Places Phylogenetics Phylogeny Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis - epidemiology Poliomyelitis - genetics Poliomyelitis - virology Research and analysis methods Risk factors Serogroup Serotypes Serotyping Strains (organisms) Treatment outcome Vaccines Virology Viruses VP1 protein |
| title | Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-04T04%3A57%3A36IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Identification%20and%20characterization%20of%20nonpolio%20enterovirus%20associated%20with%20nonpolio-acute%20flaccid%20paralysis%20in%20polio%20endemic%20state%20of%20Uttar%20Pradesh,%20Northern%20India&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Maan,%20Harjeet%20Singh&rft.date=2019-01-30&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e0208902&rft.epage=e0208902&rft.pages=e0208902-e0208902&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0208902&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA571795921%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2173759824&rft_id=info:pmid/30699113&rft_galeid=A571795921&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_8da452f6be48414386ecd9a202393c18&rfr_iscdi=true |