Clinical significance of cancer specific methylation of the CDO1 gene in small bowel cancer
Although small bowel cancer (SBC) is extremely rare, its prognosis is poor, and molecular mechanism of the SBC development remains unclear. The aim of our study is to elucidate whether DNA methylation of the promoter region of the cancer-specific methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), cont...
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| creator | Kojima, Keita Nakamura, Takatoshi Ooizumi, Yosuke Igarashi, Kazuharu Tanaka, Toshimichi Yokoi, Keigo Ishii, Satoru Nishizawa, Nobuyuki Katoh, Hiroshi Kosaka, Yoshimasa Sato, Takeo Watanabe, Masahiko Yamashita, Keishi |
| description | Although small bowel cancer (SBC) is extremely rare, its prognosis is poor, and molecular mechanism of the SBC development remains unclear. The aim of our study is to elucidate whether DNA methylation of the promoter region of the cancer-specific methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), contributes to the carcinogenic process in SBC. The study group comprised patients with 53 patients with SBC, 107 colorectal cancer (CRC), and other rare tumors of the small intestine such as 4 malignant lymphomas, 2 leiomyosarcomas, and 9 gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We analyzed the extent of methylation in each tissue using quantitative TaqMan methylation-specific PCR for CDO1. Significantly higher CDO1 methylation was observed in cancer tissues compared with non-cancerous mucosa of the small intestine (ROC = 0.96). Among the various clinicopathological factors, positive correlation of CDO1 methylation with tumor diameter was observed (R = 0.31, p = 0.03), and the CDO1 methylation level was a possible prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (p = 0.09). Compared with CRC, SBC had a significantly poorer prognosis (p = 0.007) and displayed a significantly higher CDO1 methylation level (p < 0.0001). Intriguingly, especially in pStage I/II, there were robust prognostic difference between SBC and CRC (p = 0.08 / p < 0.0001), which may reflect CDO1 methylation status (p = 0.02 / p = 0.001). Among small bowel tumors, CDO1 methylation in SBC was higher in order of malignant lymphoma, cancer, and leiomyosarcoma/GIST (p = 0.002) by ANOVA. The CDO1 gene shows extremely cancer-specific hypermethylation, and it can be a prognostic marker in SBC. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0211108 |
| format | Article |
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The aim of our study is to elucidate whether DNA methylation of the promoter region of the cancer-specific methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), contributes to the carcinogenic process in SBC. The study group comprised patients with 53 patients with SBC, 107 colorectal cancer (CRC), and other rare tumors of the small intestine such as 4 malignant lymphomas, 2 leiomyosarcomas, and 9 gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We analyzed the extent of methylation in each tissue using quantitative TaqMan methylation-specific PCR for CDO1. Significantly higher CDO1 methylation was observed in cancer tissues compared with non-cancerous mucosa of the small intestine (ROC = 0.96). Among the various clinicopathological factors, positive correlation of CDO1 methylation with tumor diameter was observed (R = 0.31, p = 0.03), and the CDO1 methylation level was a possible prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (p = 0.09). Compared with CRC, SBC had a significantly poorer prognosis (p = 0.007) and displayed a significantly higher CDO1 methylation level (p < 0.0001). Intriguingly, especially in pStage I/II, there were robust prognostic difference between SBC and CRC (p = 0.08 / p < 0.0001), which may reflect CDO1 methylation status (p = 0.02 / p = 0.001). Among small bowel tumors, CDO1 methylation in SBC was higher in order of malignant lymphoma, cancer, and leiomyosarcoma/GIST (p = 0.002) by ANOVA. The CDO1 gene shows extremely cancer-specific hypermethylation, and it can be a prognostic marker in SBC.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211108</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30677088</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aged ; Analysis ; Biology and life sciences ; Cancer ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemotherapy ; Clinical significance ; Colorectal cancer ; Colorectal carcinoma ; Colorectal Neoplasms - enzymology ; Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms - mortality ; Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology ; Cysteine dioxygenase ; Cysteine Dioxygenase - genetics ; Cysteine Dioxygenase - metabolism ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Development and progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; DNA ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm - genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm - metabolism ; Esophagus ; Female ; Gallbladder ; Gastric cancer ; Gastrointestinal cancer ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - enzymology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - genetics ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - mortality ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - pathology ; Genes ; Genetic aspects ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma - enzymology ; Leiomyosarcoma - genetics ; Leiomyosarcoma - mortality ; Leiomyosarcoma - pathology ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma - enzymology ; Lymphoma - genetics ; Lymphoma - mortality ; Lymphoma - pathology ; Male ; Medical prognosis ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Mucosa ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins - genetics ; Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism ; Patients ; Physical Sciences ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; R&D ; Research & development ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Small intestine ; Small intestine cancer ; Stomach cancer ; Surgery ; Survival Rate ; Tissues ; Tumors ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-01, Vol.14 (1), p.e0211108</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Kojima et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2019 Kojima et al 2019 Kojima et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-76623a90f795992e4ce67ce4ef03f85674e083bed275c7de9674a7d2dd422963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c758t-76623a90f795992e4ce67ce4ef03f85674e083bed275c7de9674a7d2dd422963</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-8492-0300</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345476/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6345476/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30677088$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kojima, Keita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Takatoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ooizumi, Yosuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Igarashi, Kazuharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Toshimichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoi, Keigo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishii, Satoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishizawa, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katoh, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kosaka, Yoshimasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Takeo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Masahiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamashita, Keishi</creatorcontrib><title>Clinical significance of cancer specific methylation of the CDO1 gene in small bowel cancer</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Although small bowel cancer (SBC) is extremely rare, its prognosis is poor, and molecular mechanism of the SBC development remains unclear. The aim of our study is to elucidate whether DNA methylation of the promoter region of the cancer-specific methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), contributes to the carcinogenic process in SBC. The study group comprised patients with 53 patients with SBC, 107 colorectal cancer (CRC), and other rare tumors of the small intestine such as 4 malignant lymphomas, 2 leiomyosarcomas, and 9 gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We analyzed the extent of methylation in each tissue using quantitative TaqMan methylation-specific PCR for CDO1. Significantly higher CDO1 methylation was observed in cancer tissues compared with non-cancerous mucosa of the small intestine (ROC = 0.96). Among the various clinicopathological factors, positive correlation of CDO1 methylation with tumor diameter was observed (R = 0.31, p = 0.03), and the CDO1 methylation level was a possible prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (p = 0.09). Compared with CRC, SBC had a significantly poorer prognosis (p = 0.007) and displayed a significantly higher CDO1 methylation level (p < 0.0001). Intriguingly, especially in pStage I/II, there were robust prognostic difference between SBC and CRC (p = 0.08 / p < 0.0001), which may reflect CDO1 methylation status (p = 0.02 / p = 0.001). Among small bowel tumors, CDO1 methylation in SBC was higher in order of malignant lymphoma, cancer, and leiomyosarcoma/GIST (p = 0.002) by ANOVA. The CDO1 gene shows extremely cancer-specific hypermethylation, and it can be a prognostic marker in SBC.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carcinogenesis</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Cell Line, Tumor</subject><subject>Chemotherapy</subject><subject>Clinical significance</subject><subject>Colorectal cancer</subject><subject>Colorectal carcinoma</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - enzymology</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Cysteine dioxygenase</subject><subject>Cysteine Dioxygenase - genetics</subject><subject>Cysteine Dioxygenase - metabolism</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Disease-Free Survival</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA Methylation</subject><subject>DNA, Neoplasm - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Neoplasm - metabolism</subject><subject>Esophagus</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gallbladder</subject><subject>Gastric cancer</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal cancer</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - enzymology</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - genetics</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - mortality</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - pathology</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Leiomyosarcoma - enzymology</subject><subject>Leiomyosarcoma - genetics</subject><subject>Leiomyosarcoma - mortality</subject><subject>Leiomyosarcoma - pathology</subject><subject>Lymphoma</subject><subject>Lymphoma - enzymology</subject><subject>Lymphoma - genetics</subject><subject>Lymphoma - mortality</subject><subject>Lymphoma - pathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mucosa</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Neoplasm Proteins - 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enzymology</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Cysteine dioxygenase</topic><topic>Cysteine Dioxygenase - genetics</topic><topic>Cysteine Dioxygenase - metabolism</topic><topic>Deoxyribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Development and progression</topic><topic>Disease-Free Survival</topic><topic>DNA</topic><topic>DNA Methylation</topic><topic>DNA, Neoplasm - genetics</topic><topic>DNA, Neoplasm - metabolism</topic><topic>Esophagus</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gallbladder</topic><topic>Gastric cancer</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal cancer</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - enzymology</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - genetics</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - mortality</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - pathology</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Leiomyosarcoma - enzymology</topic><topic>Leiomyosarcoma - genetics</topic><topic>Leiomyosarcoma - mortality</topic><topic>Leiomyosarcoma - pathology</topic><topic>Lymphoma</topic><topic>Lymphoma - enzymology</topic><topic>Lymphoma - genetics</topic><topic>Lymphoma - mortality</topic><topic>Lymphoma - pathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mucosa</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Neoplasm Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>R&D</topic><topic>Research & development</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Small intestine</topic><topic>Small intestine cancer</topic><topic>Stomach cancer</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Survival Rate</topic><topic>Tissues</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kojima, Keita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakamura, Takatoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ooizumi, Yosuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Igarashi, Kazuharu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanaka, Toshimichi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yokoi, Keigo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ishii, Satoru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishizawa, Nobuyuki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katoh, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kosaka, Yoshimasa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sato, Takeo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Masahiko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamashita, Keishi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kojima, Keita</au><au>Nakamura, Takatoshi</au><au>Ooizumi, Yosuke</au><au>Igarashi, Kazuharu</au><au>Tanaka, Toshimichi</au><au>Yokoi, Keigo</au><au>Ishii, Satoru</au><au>Nishizawa, Nobuyuki</au><au>Katoh, Hiroshi</au><au>Kosaka, Yoshimasa</au><au>Sato, Takeo</au><au>Watanabe, Masahiko</au><au>Yamashita, Keishi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Clinical significance of cancer specific methylation of the CDO1 gene in small bowel cancer</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2019-01-24</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>e0211108</spage><pages>e0211108-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Although small bowel cancer (SBC) is extremely rare, its prognosis is poor, and molecular mechanism of the SBC development remains unclear. The aim of our study is to elucidate whether DNA methylation of the promoter region of the cancer-specific methylation gene, cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1), contributes to the carcinogenic process in SBC. The study group comprised patients with 53 patients with SBC, 107 colorectal cancer (CRC), and other rare tumors of the small intestine such as 4 malignant lymphomas, 2 leiomyosarcomas, and 9 gastrointestinal stromal tumors. We analyzed the extent of methylation in each tissue using quantitative TaqMan methylation-specific PCR for CDO1. Significantly higher CDO1 methylation was observed in cancer tissues compared with non-cancerous mucosa of the small intestine (ROC = 0.96). Among the various clinicopathological factors, positive correlation of CDO1 methylation with tumor diameter was observed (R = 0.31, p = 0.03), and the CDO1 methylation level was a possible prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (p = 0.09). Compared with CRC, SBC had a significantly poorer prognosis (p = 0.007) and displayed a significantly higher CDO1 methylation level (p < 0.0001). Intriguingly, especially in pStage I/II, there were robust prognostic difference between SBC and CRC (p = 0.08 / p < 0.0001), which may reflect CDO1 methylation status (p = 0.02 / p = 0.001). Among small bowel tumors, CDO1 methylation in SBC was higher in order of malignant lymphoma, cancer, and leiomyosarcoma/GIST (p = 0.002) by ANOVA. The CDO1 gene shows extremely cancer-specific hypermethylation, and it can be a prognostic marker in SBC.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30677088</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0211108</doi><tpages>e0211108</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8492-0300</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2019-01, Vol.14 (1), p.e0211108 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2170922585 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Aged Analysis Biology and life sciences Cancer Carcinogenesis Carcinogens Cell Line, Tumor Chemotherapy Clinical significance Colorectal cancer Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - enzymology Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics Colorectal Neoplasms - mortality Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology Cysteine dioxygenase Cysteine Dioxygenase - genetics Cysteine Dioxygenase - metabolism Deoxyribonucleic acid Development and progression Disease-Free Survival DNA DNA Methylation DNA, Neoplasm - genetics DNA, Neoplasm - metabolism Esophagus Female Gallbladder Gastric cancer Gastrointestinal cancer Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - enzymology Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - genetics Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - mortality Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - pathology Genes Genetic aspects Humans Leiomyosarcoma - enzymology Leiomyosarcoma - genetics Leiomyosarcoma - mortality Leiomyosarcoma - pathology Lymphoma Lymphoma - enzymology Lymphoma - genetics Lymphoma - mortality Lymphoma - pathology Male Medical prognosis Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Mucosa Mutation Neoplasm Proteins - genetics Neoplasm Proteins - metabolism Patients Physical Sciences Prognosis Proteins R&D Research & development Research and Analysis Methods Retrospective Studies Small intestine Small intestine cancer Stomach cancer Surgery Survival Rate Tissues Tumors Variance analysis |
| title | Clinical significance of cancer specific methylation of the CDO1 gene in small bowel cancer |
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