Attentional and working memory performance following alcohol and energy drink: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial design laboratory study
Alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMED) studies have typically not shown antagonism of acute alcohol effects by energy drink (ED), particularly over relatively short time frames. This study investigated the effects of alcohol, ED, and AMED on attentional and working memory processes over a 3 h perio...
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| description | Alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMED) studies have typically not shown antagonism of acute alcohol effects by energy drink (ED), particularly over relatively short time frames. This study investigated the effects of alcohol, ED, and AMED on attentional and working memory processes over a 3 h period. Twenty-four young adults took part in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial, 4-arm study. They were administered 0.6g/kg alcohol and 250 ml ED (containing 80 mg caffeine), and matching placebos alone and in combination. A battery of attentional and working memory measures was completed at baseline then 45, 90 and 180 min post-treatment. Alcohol produced a characteristic shift in speed/accuracy trade-off, having little effect on reaction times while increasing errors on all attentional measures (4-choice Reaction Time, Number Pairs and Visual Search), as well as a composite Attentional error score and one working memory task (Serial Sevens). ED alone improved two working memory measures (Memory Scanning accuracy and Digit-Symbol reaction times) and improved speed of responding on a composite Working Memory score. There was no consistent pattern of AMED vs. alcohol effects; AMED produced more errors than alcohol alone on one attentional measure (Visual Search errors) at 45 min only whereas AMED resulted in fewer errors on the Serial Sevens task at 90 min and better Digit-Symbol accuracy and reaction time at 45 min. Alcohol consumption increases error rate across several attentional and working memory processes. Mutual antagonism between alcohol and ED showed no consistent pattern and likely reflects a complex interaction between caffeine and alcohol levels, phase of the blood alcohol limb, task domain and cognitive load. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0209239 |
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There was no consistent pattern of AMED vs. alcohol effects; AMED produced more errors than alcohol alone on one attentional measure (Visual Search errors) at 45 min only whereas AMED resulted in fewer errors on the Serial Sevens task at 90 min and better Digit-Symbol accuracy and reaction time at 45 min. Alcohol consumption increases error rate across several attentional and working memory processes. 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Mutual antagonism between alcohol and ED showed no consistent pattern and likely reflects a complex interaction between caffeine and alcohol levels, phase of the blood alcohol limb, task domain and cognitive load.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Alcohol use</subject><subject>Alcoholic beverages</subject><subject>Alcoholic Beverages - adverse effects</subject><subject>Alcohols</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Antagonism</subject><subject>Attention (Psychology)</subject><subject>Attention - drug effects</subject><subject>Beverages</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Caffeine</subject><subject>Caffeine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Caffeine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Double-Blind Method</subject><subject>Double-blind studies</subject><subject>Drug Interactions</subject><subject>Drunkenness</subject><subject>Energy drinks</subject><subject>Energy Drinks - 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This study investigated the effects of alcohol, ED, and AMED on attentional and working memory processes over a 3 h period. Twenty-four young adults took part in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial, 4-arm study. They were administered 0.6g/kg alcohol and 250 ml ED (containing 80 mg caffeine), and matching placebos alone and in combination. A battery of attentional and working memory measures was completed at baseline then 45, 90 and 180 min post-treatment. Alcohol produced a characteristic shift in speed/accuracy trade-off, having little effect on reaction times while increasing errors on all attentional measures (4-choice Reaction Time, Number Pairs and Visual Search), as well as a composite Attentional error score and one working memory task (Serial Sevens). ED alone improved two working memory measures (Memory Scanning accuracy and Digit-Symbol reaction times) and improved speed of responding on a composite Working Memory score. There was no consistent pattern of AMED vs. alcohol effects; AMED produced more errors than alcohol alone on one attentional measure (Visual Search errors) at 45 min only whereas AMED resulted in fewer errors on the Serial Sevens task at 90 min and better Digit-Symbol accuracy and reaction time at 45 min. Alcohol consumption increases error rate across several attentional and working memory processes. Mutual antagonism between alcohol and ED showed no consistent pattern and likely reflects a complex interaction between caffeine and alcohol levels, phase of the blood alcohol limb, task domain and cognitive load.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30625179</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0209239</doi><tpages>e0209239</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4484-5462</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adults Alcohol use Alcoholic beverages Alcoholic Beverages - adverse effects Alcohols Analysis Antagonism Attention (Psychology) Attention - drug effects Beverages Biology and Life Sciences Caffeine Caffeine - administration & dosage Caffeine - adverse effects Cognitive ability Cross-Over Studies Double-Blind Method Double-blind studies Drug Interactions Drunkenness Energy drinks Energy Drinks - adverse effects Ethanol - administration & dosage Ethanol - adverse effects Ethanol - blood Factorial design Female Health aspects Humans Male Medicine and Health Sciences Memory tasks Memory, Short-Term - drug effects Mental task performance Physical Sciences Randomization Reaction time Reaction Time - drug effects Reaction time task Short term memory Social Sciences Studies Visual perception Young Adult Young adults |
| title | Attentional and working memory performance following alcohol and energy drink: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, factorial design laboratory study |
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