Variation in the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to botanicals across a metropolitan region of Nigeria
Pesticide resistance is normally associated with genetic changes, resulting in varied responses to insecticides between different populations. There is little evidence of resistance to plant allelochemicals; it is likely that their efficacy varies between genetically diverse populations, which may l...
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| creator | Oladipupo, Seun Olaitan Callaghan, Amanda Holloway, Graham J Gbaye, Olajire Ayodele |
| description | Pesticide resistance is normally associated with genetic changes, resulting in varied responses to insecticides between different populations. There is little evidence of resistance to plant allelochemicals; it is likely that their efficacy varies between genetically diverse populations, which may lead to the development of resistance in the future. This study evaluated the response of Anopheles gambiae (larvae and adults) from spatially different populations to acetone extracts of two botanicals, Piper guineense and Eugenia aromatica. Mosquito samples from 10 locations within Akure metropolis in Southwest Nigeria were tested for variation in susceptibility to the toxic effect of botanical extracts. The spatial distribution of the tolerance magnitude (T.M.) of the mosquito populations to the botanicals was also mapped. The populations of An. gambiae manifested significant differences in their level of tolerance to the botanicals. The centre of the metropolis was the hot spot of tolerance to the botanicals. There was a significant positive correlation between the adulticidal activities of both botanicals and initial knockdown. Hence, knockdown by these botanicals could be a predictor of their subsequent mortality. In revealing variation in response to botanical pesticides, our work has demonstrated that any future use of botanicals as alternative environmentally friendly vector control chemicals needs to be closely monitored to ensure that resistance does not develop. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0210440 |
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There is little evidence of resistance to plant allelochemicals; it is likely that their efficacy varies between genetically diverse populations, which may lead to the development of resistance in the future. This study evaluated the response of Anopheles gambiae (larvae and adults) from spatially different populations to acetone extracts of two botanicals, Piper guineense and Eugenia aromatica. Mosquito samples from 10 locations within Akure metropolis in Southwest Nigeria were tested for variation in susceptibility to the toxic effect of botanical extracts. The spatial distribution of the tolerance magnitude (T.M.) of the mosquito populations to the botanicals was also mapped. The populations of An. gambiae manifested significant differences in their level of tolerance to the botanicals. The centre of the metropolis was the hot spot of tolerance to the botanicals. There was a significant positive correlation between the adulticidal activities of both botanicals and initial knockdown. Hence, knockdown by these botanicals could be a predictor of their subsequent mortality. In revealing variation in response to botanical pesticides, our work has demonstrated that any future use of botanicals as alternative environmentally friendly vector control chemicals needs to be closely monitored to ensure that resistance does not develop.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210440</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30625231</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acetone ; Adults ; Allelochemicals ; Animals ; Anopheles ; Anopheles - drug effects ; Anopheles gambiae ; Aquatic insects ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cities ; Control ; Cytochrome ; Digital archives ; Engineering and Technology ; Flowers - chemistry ; Gene amplification ; Gene expression ; Genetic variation ; Geography ; Hot spots ; Humidity ; Insect control ; Insecticide resistance ; Insecticide Resistance - drug effects ; Insecticides ; Larva - drug effects ; Larvae ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metropolitan areas ; Mosquitoes ; Nigeria ; Organic chemistry ; People and Places ; Pesticide resistance ; Pesticides ; Physical Sciences ; Phytochemicals - pharmacology ; Population genetics ; Populations ; Seeds ; Seeds - chemistry ; Spatial distribution ; Tropical diseases ; Variation ; West Nile virus ; Wildlife conservation</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2019-01, Vol.14 (1), p.e0210440</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2019 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2019 Oladipupo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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There is little evidence of resistance to plant allelochemicals; it is likely that their efficacy varies between genetically diverse populations, which may lead to the development of resistance in the future. This study evaluated the response of Anopheles gambiae (larvae and adults) from spatially different populations to acetone extracts of two botanicals, Piper guineense and Eugenia aromatica. Mosquito samples from 10 locations within Akure metropolis in Southwest Nigeria were tested for variation in susceptibility to the toxic effect of botanical extracts. The spatial distribution of the tolerance magnitude (T.M.) of the mosquito populations to the botanicals was also mapped. The populations of An. gambiae manifested significant differences in their level of tolerance to the botanicals. The centre of the metropolis was the hot spot of tolerance to the botanicals. There was a significant positive correlation between the adulticidal activities of both botanicals and initial knockdown. Hence, knockdown by these botanicals could be a predictor of their subsequent mortality. In revealing variation in response to botanical pesticides, our work has demonstrated that any future use of botanicals as alternative environmentally friendly vector control chemicals needs to be closely monitored to ensure that resistance does not develop.</description><subject>Acetone</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Allelochemicals</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anopheles</subject><subject>Anopheles - drug effects</subject><subject>Anopheles gambiae</subject><subject>Aquatic insects</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Cytochrome</subject><subject>Digital archives</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Flowers - chemistry</subject><subject>Gene amplification</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genetic variation</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Hot spots</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Insect control</subject><subject>Insecticide resistance</subject><subject>Insecticide Resistance - 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There is little evidence of resistance to plant allelochemicals; it is likely that their efficacy varies between genetically diverse populations, which may lead to the development of resistance in the future. This study evaluated the response of Anopheles gambiae (larvae and adults) from spatially different populations to acetone extracts of two botanicals, Piper guineense and Eugenia aromatica. Mosquito samples from 10 locations within Akure metropolis in Southwest Nigeria were tested for variation in susceptibility to the toxic effect of botanical extracts. The spatial distribution of the tolerance magnitude (T.M.) of the mosquito populations to the botanicals was also mapped. The populations of An. gambiae manifested significant differences in their level of tolerance to the botanicals. The centre of the metropolis was the hot spot of tolerance to the botanicals. There was a significant positive correlation between the adulticidal activities of both botanicals and initial knockdown. Hence, knockdown by these botanicals could be a predictor of their subsequent mortality. In revealing variation in response to botanical pesticides, our work has demonstrated that any future use of botanicals as alternative environmentally friendly vector control chemicals needs to be closely monitored to ensure that resistance does not develop.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30625231</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0210440</doi><tpages>e0210440</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-5223</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-3352</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-7012</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetone Adults Allelochemicals Animals Anopheles Anopheles - drug effects Anopheles gambiae Aquatic insects Biology and Life Sciences Cities Control Cytochrome Digital archives Engineering and Technology Flowers - chemistry Gene amplification Gene expression Genetic variation Geography Hot spots Humidity Insect control Insecticide resistance Insecticide Resistance - drug effects Insecticides Larva - drug effects Larvae Medicine and Health Sciences Metropolitan areas Mosquitoes Nigeria Organic chemistry People and Places Pesticide resistance Pesticides Physical Sciences Phytochemicals - pharmacology Population genetics Populations Seeds Seeds - chemistry Spatial distribution Tropical diseases Variation West Nile virus Wildlife conservation |
| title | Variation in the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to botanicals across a metropolitan region of Nigeria |
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