Association of herpesviruses and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Herpesviruses induce a range of inflammatory effects potentially contributing to an increased risk of stroke. To investigate whether patients with infection, or reactivation of, human herpesviruses are at increased stroke risk, compared to those without human herpesviruses. Six medical databases and...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one 2018-11, Vol.13 (11), p.e0206163-e0206163
Hauptverfasser: Forbes, Harriet J, Williamson, Elizabeth, Benjamin, Laura, Breuer, Judith, Brown, Martin M, Langan, Sinéad M, Minassian, Caroline, Smeeth, Liam, Thomas, Sara L, Warren-Gash, Charlotte
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container_issue 11
container_start_page e0206163
container_title PloS one
container_volume 13
creator Forbes, Harriet J
Williamson, Elizabeth
Benjamin, Laura
Breuer, Judith
Brown, Martin M
Langan, Sinéad M
Minassian, Caroline
Smeeth, Liam
Thomas, Sara L
Warren-Gash, Charlotte
description Herpesviruses induce a range of inflammatory effects potentially contributing to an increased risk of stroke. To investigate whether patients with infection, or reactivation of, human herpesviruses are at increased stroke risk, compared to those without human herpesviruses. Six medical databases and grey literature sources from inception to January 2017. Studies where the exposure was any human herpesvirus and the outcome was stroke. We included randomised controlled trials, cohort, case-control, case-crossover and self-controlled case series designs. Meta-analyses when sufficiently homogeneous studies were available. Quality of evidence across studies was assessed. We identified 5012 publications; 41 met the eligibility criteria. Across cohort and self-controlled case series studies, there was moderate quality evidence that varicella infection in children was associated with a short-term increased stroke risk. Zoster was associated with a 1.5-fold increased stroke risk four weeks following onset (summary estimate: 1.55, 95%CI 1.46-1.65), which resolved after one year. Subgroup analyses suggested post-zoster stroke risk was greater among ophthalmic zoster patients, younger individuals and those not prescribed antivirals. Recent infection/reactivation of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex viruses, but not past infection, was associated with increased stroke risk; however the evidence across studies was mainly derived from small, very low quality case-control studies. Our review shows an increased stroke risk following zoster and suggests that recent infection or reactivation of other herpesviruses increases stroke risk, although better evidence is needed. Herpesviruses are common and potentially preventable; these findings may have implications for reducing stroke burden.
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To investigate whether patients with infection, or reactivation of, human herpesviruses are at increased stroke risk, compared to those without human herpesviruses. Six medical databases and grey literature sources from inception to January 2017. Studies where the exposure was any human herpesvirus and the outcome was stroke. We included randomised controlled trials, cohort, case-control, case-crossover and self-controlled case series designs. Meta-analyses when sufficiently homogeneous studies were available. Quality of evidence across studies was assessed. We identified 5012 publications; 41 met the eligibility criteria. Across cohort and self-controlled case series studies, there was moderate quality evidence that varicella infection in children was associated with a short-term increased stroke risk. Zoster was associated with a 1.5-fold increased stroke risk four weeks following onset (summary estimate: 1.55, 95%CI 1.46-1.65), which resolved after one year. 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To investigate whether patients with infection, or reactivation of, human herpesviruses are at increased stroke risk, compared to those without human herpesviruses. Six medical databases and grey literature sources from inception to January 2017. Studies where the exposure was any human herpesvirus and the outcome was stroke. We included randomised controlled trials, cohort, case-control, case-crossover and self-controlled case series designs. Meta-analyses when sufficiently homogeneous studies were available. Quality of evidence across studies was assessed. We identified 5012 publications; 41 met the eligibility criteria. Across cohort and self-controlled case series studies, there was moderate quality evidence that varicella infection in children was associated with a short-term increased stroke risk. Zoster was associated with a 1.5-fold increased stroke risk four weeks following onset (summary estimate: 1.55, 95%CI 1.46-1.65), which resolved after one year. Subgroup analyses suggested post-zoster stroke risk was greater among ophthalmic zoster patients, younger individuals and those not prescribed antivirals. Recent infection/reactivation of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex viruses, but not past infection, was associated with increased stroke risk; however the evidence across studies was mainly derived from small, very low quality case-control studies. Our review shows an increased stroke risk following zoster and suggests that recent infection or reactivation of other herpesviruses increases stroke risk, although better evidence is needed. Herpesviruses are common and potentially preventable; these findings may have implications for reducing stroke burden.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30462656</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0206163</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-3180</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9406-1928</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6888-2212</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Activation
Antiviral agents
Biology and life sciences
Children
Clinical trials
Crossovers
Cytomegalovirus
Follow-Up Studies
Health risks
Herpes simplex
Herpesviridae - physiology
Herpesviridae Infections - virology
Humans
Infections
Inflammation
Medicine and Health Sciences
Meta-analysis
Patients
Publication Bias
Research and Analysis Methods
Risk
Risk Factors
Stroke
Stroke - virology
Studies
Subgroups
Systematic review
Vaccines
Varicella
Viruses
title Association of herpesviruses and stroke: Systematic review and meta-analysis
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