Plant immunity in natural populations and agricultural fields: Low presence of pathogenesis-related proteins in Solanum leaves
Plant immunity has mainly been studied under controlled conditions, limiting our knowledge regarding the regulation of immunity under natural conditions where plants grow in association with multiple microorganisms. Plant pathology theory, based on laboratory data, predicts complex biochemical plant...
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| creator | Lankinen, Åsa Abreha, Kibrom B Masini, Laura Ali, Ashfaq Resjö, Svante Andreasson, Erik |
| description | Plant immunity has mainly been studied under controlled conditions, limiting our knowledge regarding the regulation of immunity under natural conditions where plants grow in association with multiple microorganisms. Plant pathology theory, based on laboratory data, predicts complex biochemical plant-pathogen interactions leading to coevolution of pathogen infectivity vs. plant recognition of microbes in multiple layers over time. However, plant immunity is currently not evaluated in relation to ecological time-scales and field conditions. Here we report status of immunity in plants without visible disease symptoms in wild populations of nightshades, Solanum dulcamara and Solanum nigrum, and in agricultural fields of potato, Solanum tuberosum. We analysed presence of pathogenesis-related proteins in over 500 asymptomatic leaf samples collected in the field in June, July and August over three years. Pathogenesis-related proteins were present in only one-third of the collected samples, suggesting low activity of the immune system. We could also detect an increase in pathogenesis-related proteins later in the growing season, particularly in S. tuberosum. Our findings, based on pathogenesis-related protein markers, indicate major gaps in our knowledge regarding the status and regulation of plant immunity under field conditions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0207253 |
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Plant pathology theory, based on laboratory data, predicts complex biochemical plant-pathogen interactions leading to coevolution of pathogen infectivity vs. plant recognition of microbes in multiple layers over time. However, plant immunity is currently not evaluated in relation to ecological time-scales and field conditions. Here we report status of immunity in plants without visible disease symptoms in wild populations of nightshades, Solanum dulcamara and Solanum nigrum, and in agricultural fields of potato, Solanum tuberosum. We analysed presence of pathogenesis-related proteins in over 500 asymptomatic leaf samples collected in the field in June, July and August over three years. Pathogenesis-related proteins were present in only one-third of the collected samples, suggesting low activity of the immune system. We could also detect an increase in pathogenesis-related proteins later in the growing season, particularly in S. tuberosum. Our findings, based on pathogenesis-related protein markers, indicate major gaps in our knowledge regarding the status and regulation of plant immunity under field conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207253</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30412603</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Agricultural land ; Agricultural Science ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cloning ; Coevolution ; Controlled conditions ; Crop diseases ; Crops, Agricultural - genetics ; Crops, Agricultural - immunology ; Crops, Agricultural - metabolism ; Ecology ; Gene expression ; Growing season ; Immune system ; Immunity ; Infectivity ; Jordbruksvetenskap ; Kinases ; Laboratories ; Leaves ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microorganisms ; Natural populations ; Pathogenesis ; Pathogenesis-related proteins ; Pathogens ; Plant diseases ; Plant immunity ; Plant Immunity - genetics ; Plant Leaves - immunology ; Plant Leaves - metabolism ; Plant pathology ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - immunology ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Plant resistance ; Populations ; Potatoes ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; RNA, Plant - genetics ; RNA, Plant - metabolism ; Seasons ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Solanum - genetics ; Solanum - immunology ; Solanum - metabolism ; Solanum nigrum - genetics ; Solanum nigrum - immunology ; Solanum nigrum - metabolism ; Solanum tuberosum - genetics ; Solanum tuberosum - immunology ; Solanum tuberosum - metabolism ; Sterols ; Studies ; Sweden ; Trends</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018, Vol.13 (11), p.e0207253-e0207253</ispartof><rights>2018 Lankinen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Plant pathology theory, based on laboratory data, predicts complex biochemical plant-pathogen interactions leading to coevolution of pathogen infectivity vs. plant recognition of microbes in multiple layers over time. However, plant immunity is currently not evaluated in relation to ecological time-scales and field conditions. Here we report status of immunity in plants without visible disease symptoms in wild populations of nightshades, Solanum dulcamara and Solanum nigrum, and in agricultural fields of potato, Solanum tuberosum. We analysed presence of pathogenesis-related proteins in over 500 asymptomatic leaf samples collected in the field in June, July and August over three years. Pathogenesis-related proteins were present in only one-third of the collected samples, suggesting low activity of the immune system. We could also detect an increase in pathogenesis-related proteins later in the growing season, particularly in S. tuberosum. Our findings, based on pathogenesis-related protein markers, indicate major gaps in our knowledge regarding the status and regulation of plant immunity under field conditions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30412603</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0207253</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0850-4081</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Agricultural land Agricultural Science Biology Biology and Life Sciences Cloning Coevolution Controlled conditions Crop diseases Crops, Agricultural - genetics Crops, Agricultural - immunology Crops, Agricultural - metabolism Ecology Gene expression Growing season Immune system Immunity Infectivity Jordbruksvetenskap Kinases Laboratories Leaves Medicine and Health Sciences Microorganisms Natural populations Pathogenesis Pathogenesis-related proteins Pathogens Plant diseases Plant immunity Plant Immunity - genetics Plant Leaves - immunology Plant Leaves - metabolism Plant pathology Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - immunology Plant Proteins - metabolism Plant resistance Populations Potatoes Proteins Research and Analysis Methods RNA, Plant - genetics RNA, Plant - metabolism Seasons Sequence Analysis, RNA Solanum - genetics Solanum - immunology Solanum - metabolism Solanum nigrum - genetics Solanum nigrum - immunology Solanum nigrum - metabolism Solanum tuberosum - genetics Solanum tuberosum - immunology Solanum tuberosum - metabolism Sterols Studies Sweden Trends |
| title | Plant immunity in natural populations and agricultural fields: Low presence of pathogenesis-related proteins in Solanum leaves |
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