Higher-level cognitive functions in Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players
This study aimed to investigate the higher-level cognitive functions (i.e. metacognition and executive functions) of Dutch competitive table tennis players to better understand its relevance for performance in this fast and complex sport. Thirty elite (age 16 ± 4) and thirty age and sex-matched sub-...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2018-11, Vol.13 (11), p.e0206151-e0206151 |
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| creator | Elferink-Gemser, Marije T Faber, Irene R Visscher, Chris Hung, Tsung-Min de Vries, Sjoerd J Nijhuis-Van der Sanden, Maria W G |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the higher-level cognitive functions (i.e. metacognition and executive functions) of Dutch competitive table tennis players to better understand its relevance for performance in this fast and complex sport. Thirty elite (age 16 ± 4) and thirty age and sex-matched sub-elite peers (age 16 ± 5) were assessed on metacognition and executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) using D-KEFS tests. Compared to norm scores, both the Dutch competitive elite and sub-elite table tennis players scored above average on all tests (p < 0.05). MANOVA showed a main effect for performance level (elites outscored sub-elites; p < 0.05). T-tests revealed that elite players make less mistakes on tests for inhibitory control (CWI-3: 0.9 ± 0.9; CWI-4: 1.1 ± 1.2) than sub-elite players (CWI-3: 1.8 ± 1.1; CWI-4: 2.6 ± 1.5) (p < 0.05). When controlling for training hours in a MANCOVA, no significant main effect of performance level remained (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players are characterized by above-average scores on higher-level cognitive functions compared to norm scores. A relation with performance level has been shown, which may be explained by the greater exposure to table tennis for elite compared to sub-elite players. However, longitudinal research is needed to indicate the direction of this association. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0206151 |
| format | Article |
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Thirty elite (age 16 ± 4) and thirty age and sex-matched sub-elite peers (age 16 ± 5) were assessed on metacognition and executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) using D-KEFS tests. Compared to norm scores, both the Dutch competitive elite and sub-elite table tennis players scored above average on all tests (p < 0.05). MANOVA showed a main effect for performance level (elites outscored sub-elites; p < 0.05). T-tests revealed that elite players make less mistakes on tests for inhibitory control (CWI-3: 0.9 ± 0.9; CWI-4: 1.1 ± 1.2) than sub-elite players (CWI-3: 1.8 ± 1.1; CWI-4: 2.6 ± 1.5) (p < 0.05). When controlling for training hours in a MANCOVA, no significant main effect of performance level remained (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players are characterized by above-average scores on higher-level cognitive functions compared to norm scores. A relation with performance level has been shown, which may be explained by the greater exposure to table tennis for elite compared to sub-elite players. However, longitudinal research is needed to indicate the direction of this association.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206151</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30403711</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Athletes ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cognitive ability ; Exercise ; Hypotheses ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Metacognition ; Neuropsychology ; Physical fitness ; Players ; Short term memory ; Social Sciences ; Studies ; Systematic review ; Table tennis ; Tables ; Team sports ; Tennis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-11, Vol.13 (11), p.e0206151-e0206151</ispartof><rights>2018 Elferink-Gemser et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 Elferink-Gemser et al 2018 Elferink-Gemser et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-c5dcc593c3528124906df8b8e21327e2dba8c8c3035bb4cfd44d98b5406b1e2a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-c5dcc593c3528124906df8b8e21327e2dba8c8c3035bb4cfd44d98b5406b1e2a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2637-6877 ; 0000-0002-4994-0453</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6221298/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6221298/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30403711$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Elferink-Gemser, Marije T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faber, Irene R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Visscher, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hung, Tsung-Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Vries, Sjoerd J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nijhuis-Van der Sanden, Maria W G</creatorcontrib><title>Higher-level cognitive functions in Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>This study aimed to investigate the higher-level cognitive functions (i.e. metacognition and executive functions) of Dutch competitive table tennis players to better understand its relevance for performance in this fast and complex sport. Thirty elite (age 16 ± 4) and thirty age and sex-matched sub-elite peers (age 16 ± 5) were assessed on metacognition and executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) using D-KEFS tests. Compared to norm scores, both the Dutch competitive elite and sub-elite table tennis players scored above average on all tests (p < 0.05). MANOVA showed a main effect for performance level (elites outscored sub-elites; p < 0.05). T-tests revealed that elite players make less mistakes on tests for inhibitory control (CWI-3: 0.9 ± 0.9; CWI-4: 1.1 ± 1.2) than sub-elite players (CWI-3: 1.8 ± 1.1; CWI-4: 2.6 ± 1.5) (p < 0.05). When controlling for training hours in a MANCOVA, no significant main effect of performance level remained (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players are characterized by above-average scores on higher-level cognitive functions compared to norm scores. A relation with performance level has been shown, which may be explained by the greater exposure to table tennis for elite compared to sub-elite players. However, longitudinal research is needed to indicate the direction of this association.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Metacognition</subject><subject>Neuropsychology</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Players</subject><subject>Short term memory</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Table tennis</subject><subject>Tables</subject><subject>Team 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Tsung-Min</au><au>de Vries, Sjoerd J</au><au>Nijhuis-Van der Sanden, Maria W G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Higher-level cognitive functions in Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-11-07</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0206151</spage><epage>e0206151</epage><pages>e0206151-e0206151</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>This study aimed to investigate the higher-level cognitive functions (i.e. metacognition and executive functions) of Dutch competitive table tennis players to better understand its relevance for performance in this fast and complex sport. Thirty elite (age 16 ± 4) and thirty age and sex-matched sub-elite peers (age 16 ± 5) were assessed on metacognition and executive functions (working memory, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility) using D-KEFS tests. Compared to norm scores, both the Dutch competitive elite and sub-elite table tennis players scored above average on all tests (p < 0.05). MANOVA showed a main effect for performance level (elites outscored sub-elites; p < 0.05). T-tests revealed that elite players make less mistakes on tests for inhibitory control (CWI-3: 0.9 ± 0.9; CWI-4: 1.1 ± 1.2) than sub-elite players (CWI-3: 1.8 ± 1.1; CWI-4: 2.6 ± 1.5) (p < 0.05). When controlling for training hours in a MANCOVA, no significant main effect of performance level remained (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players are characterized by above-average scores on higher-level cognitive functions compared to norm scores. 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| subjects | Age Athletes Biology and Life Sciences Cognitive ability Exercise Hypotheses Medicine and Health Sciences Metacognition Neuropsychology Physical fitness Players Short term memory Social Sciences Studies Systematic review Table tennis Tables Team sports Tennis |
| title | Higher-level cognitive functions in Dutch elite and sub-elite table tennis players |
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