Repeatability, reproducibility and consistency of horse shape data and its association with linearly described conformation traits in Franches-Montagnes stallions
Linear description (LD) of conformation traits was introduced in horse breeding to minimise subjectivity in scoring. However, recent studies have shown that LD traits show essentially the same problems as traditionally scored traits, such as data converging around the mean value with very small stan...
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| description | Linear description (LD) of conformation traits was introduced in horse breeding to minimise subjectivity in scoring. However, recent studies have shown that LD traits show essentially the same problems as traditionally scored traits, such as data converging around the mean value with very small standard deviations. To improve the assessment of conformation traits of horses, we investigated the application of the recently described horse shape space model based upon 403 digitised photographs of 243 Franches-Montagnes (FM) stallions and extracted joint angles based on specific landmark triplets. Repeatability, reproducibility and consistency of the resulting shape data and joint angles were assessed with Procrustes ANOVA (Rep) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Furthermore, we developed a subjective score to classify the posture of the horses on each photograph. We derived relative warp scores (PCs) based upon the digitised photos conducting a principal component analysis (PCA). The PCs of the shapes and joint angles were compared to the posture scores and to the linear description data using linear mixed effect models including significant posture scores as random factors. The digitisation process was highly repeatable and reproducible for the shape (Rep = 0.72-0.99, ICC = 0.99). The consistency of the shape was limited by the age and posture (p < 0.05). The angle measurements were highly repeatable within one digitiser. Between digitisers, we found a higher variability of ICC values (ICC = 0.054-0.92), indicating digitising error in specific landmarks (e.g. shoulder point). The posture scores were highly repeatable (Fleiss' kappa = 0.713-0.857). We identified significant associations (p(X2) < 0.05) with traits describing the withers height, shoulder length and incline, overall leg conformation, walk and trot step length. The horse shape data and angles provide additional information to explore the morphology of horses and therefore can be applied to improve the knowledge of the genetic architecture of LD traits. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0202931 |
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However, recent studies have shown that LD traits show essentially the same problems as traditionally scored traits, such as data converging around the mean value with very small standard deviations. To improve the assessment of conformation traits of horses, we investigated the application of the recently described horse shape space model based upon 403 digitised photographs of 243 Franches-Montagnes (FM) stallions and extracted joint angles based on specific landmark triplets. Repeatability, reproducibility and consistency of the resulting shape data and joint angles were assessed with Procrustes ANOVA (Rep) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Furthermore, we developed a subjective score to classify the posture of the horses on each photograph. We derived relative warp scores (PCs) based upon the digitised photos conducting a principal component analysis (PCA). The PCs of the shapes and joint angles were compared to the posture scores and to the linear description data using linear mixed effect models including significant posture scores as random factors. The digitisation process was highly repeatable and reproducible for the shape (Rep = 0.72-0.99, ICC = 0.99). The consistency of the shape was limited by the age and posture (p < 0.05). The angle measurements were highly repeatable within one digitiser. Between digitisers, we found a higher variability of ICC values (ICC = 0.054-0.92), indicating digitising error in specific landmarks (e.g. shoulder point). The posture scores were highly repeatable (Fleiss' kappa = 0.713-0.857). We identified significant associations (p(X2) < 0.05) with traits describing the withers height, shoulder length and incline, overall leg conformation, walk and trot step length. The horse shape data and angles provide additional information to explore the morphology of horses and therefore can be applied to improve the knowledge of the genetic architecture of LD traits.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202931</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30148872</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Analog to digital converters ; Analysis ; Animal breeding ; Animal husbandry ; Animals ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body Constitution ; Breeding ; Breeding of animals ; Conformation ; Consistency ; Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Data processing ; Digitization ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Genetic aspects ; Genetics ; Horse breeding ; Horses ; Horses - anatomy & histology ; Horses - physiology ; Linear Models ; Linear models (Statistics) ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Methods ; Morphology ; Movement ; Phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Posture ; Principal components analysis ; Reproducibility ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Shoulder ; Variance analysis ; Warp</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-08, Vol.13 (8), p.e0202931-e0202931</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Gmel et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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Thomas</au><au>Portele, Katrin</au><au>von Niederhäusern, Rudolf</au><au>Neuditschko, Markus</au><au>Loor, Juan J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Repeatability, reproducibility and consistency of horse shape data and its association with linearly described conformation traits in Franches-Montagnes stallions</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-08-27</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0202931</spage><epage>e0202931</epage><pages>e0202931-e0202931</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Linear description (LD) of conformation traits was introduced in horse breeding to minimise subjectivity in scoring. However, recent studies have shown that LD traits show essentially the same problems as traditionally scored traits, such as data converging around the mean value with very small standard deviations. To improve the assessment of conformation traits of horses, we investigated the application of the recently described horse shape space model based upon 403 digitised photographs of 243 Franches-Montagnes (FM) stallions and extracted joint angles based on specific landmark triplets. Repeatability, reproducibility and consistency of the resulting shape data and joint angles were assessed with Procrustes ANOVA (Rep) and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Furthermore, we developed a subjective score to classify the posture of the horses on each photograph. We derived relative warp scores (PCs) based upon the digitised photos conducting a principal component analysis (PCA). The PCs of the shapes and joint angles were compared to the posture scores and to the linear description data using linear mixed effect models including significant posture scores as random factors. The digitisation process was highly repeatable and reproducible for the shape (Rep = 0.72-0.99, ICC = 0.99). The consistency of the shape was limited by the age and posture (p < 0.05). The angle measurements were highly repeatable within one digitiser. Between digitisers, we found a higher variability of ICC values (ICC = 0.054-0.92), indicating digitising error in specific landmarks (e.g. shoulder point). The posture scores were highly repeatable (Fleiss' kappa = 0.713-0.857). We identified significant associations (p(X2) < 0.05) with traits describing the withers height, shoulder length and incline, overall leg conformation, walk and trot step length. The horse shape data and angles provide additional information to explore the morphology of horses and therefore can be applied to improve the knowledge of the genetic architecture of LD traits.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30148872</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0202931</doi><tpages>e0202931</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-2377</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6963-3568</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-701X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2018-08, Vol.13 (8), p.e0202931-e0202931 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2094359723 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Analog to digital converters Analysis Animal breeding Animal husbandry Animals Biology and Life Sciences Body Constitution Breeding Breeding of animals Conformation Consistency Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Data processing Digitization Ecology Evolution Genetic aspects Genetics Horse breeding Horses Horses - anatomy & histology Horses - physiology Linear Models Linear models (Statistics) Medicine and Health Sciences Methods Morphology Movement Phenotype Phenotypes Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Posture Principal components analysis Reproducibility Reproducibility of Results Research and Analysis Methods Shoulder Variance analysis Warp |
| title | Repeatability, reproducibility and consistency of horse shape data and its association with linearly described conformation traits in Franches-Montagnes stallions |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-13T07%3A12%3A00IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Repeatability,%20reproducibility%20and%20consistency%20of%20horse%20shape%20data%20and%20its%20association%20with%20linearly%20described%20conformation%20traits%20in%20Franches-Montagnes%20stallions&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Gmel,%20Annik%20Imogen&rft.date=2018-08-27&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0202931&rft.epage=e0202931&rft.pages=e0202931-e0202931&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0202931&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA551929535%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2094359723&rft_id=info:pmid/30148872&rft_galeid=A551929535&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_d46e5c43f8634e4ead9ad0c171d7c12a&rfr_iscdi=true |