The Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test (ACCT): A new verbal-motor free cognitive measure for executive functions in ALS
The presence of executive deficits in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is well established, even if standardized measures are difficult to obtain due to progressive physical disability of the patients. We present clinical data concerning a newly developed measure of cognitive flexibility,...
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| creator | Poletti, Barbara Carelli, Laura Faini, Andrea Solca, Federica Meriggi, Paolo Lafronza, Annalisa Ciringione, Luciana Pedroli, Elisa Ticozzi, Nicola Ciammola, Andrea Cipresso, Pietro Riva, Giuseppe Silani, Vincenzo |
| description | The presence of executive deficits in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is well established, even if standardized measures are difficult to obtain due to progressive physical disability of the patients. We present clinical data concerning a newly developed measure of cognitive flexibility, administered by means of Eye-Tracking (ET) technology in order to bypass verbal-motor limitations.
21 ALS patients and 21 age-and education-matched healthy subjects participated in an ET-based cognitive assessment, including a newly developed test of cognitive flexibility (Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test-ACCT) and other oculomotor-driven measures of cognitive functions. A standard screening of frontal and working memory abilities and global cognitive efficiency was administered to all subjects, in addition to a psychological self-rated assessment. For ALS patients, a clinical examination was also performed.
ACCT successfully discriminated between patients and healthy controls, mainly concerning execution times obtained at different subtests. A qualitative analysis performed on error distributions in patients highlighted a lower prevalence of perseverative errors, with respect to other type of errors. Correlations between ACCT and other ET-based frontal-executive measures were significant and involved different frontal sub-domains. Limited correlations were observed between ACCT and standard 'paper and pencil' cognitive tests.
The newly developed ET-based measure of cognitive flexibility could be a useful tool to detect slight frontal impairments in non-demented ALS patients by bypassing verbal-motor limitations through the oculomotor-driven administration. The findings reported in the present study represent the first contribution towards the development of a full verbal-motor free executive test for ALS patients. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0200953 |
| format | Article |
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21 ALS patients and 21 age-and education-matched healthy subjects participated in an ET-based cognitive assessment, including a newly developed test of cognitive flexibility (Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test-ACCT) and other oculomotor-driven measures of cognitive functions. A standard screening of frontal and working memory abilities and global cognitive efficiency was administered to all subjects, in addition to a psychological self-rated assessment. For ALS patients, a clinical examination was also performed.
ACCT successfully discriminated between patients and healthy controls, mainly concerning execution times obtained at different subtests. A qualitative analysis performed on error distributions in patients highlighted a lower prevalence of perseverative errors, with respect to other type of errors. Correlations between ACCT and other ET-based frontal-executive measures were significant and involved different frontal sub-domains. Limited correlations were observed between ACCT and standard 'paper and pencil' cognitive tests.
The newly developed ET-based measure of cognitive flexibility could be a useful tool to detect slight frontal impairments in non-demented ALS patients by bypassing verbal-motor limitations through the oculomotor-driven administration. The findings reported in the present study represent the first contribution towards the development of a full verbal-motor free executive test for ALS patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200953</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30091987</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Anxiety ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Brain damage ; Care and treatment ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognitive ability ; Cognitive tests ; Control ; Correlation ; Development and progression ; Error analysis ; Executive function ; Flexibility ; Laboratories ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory ; Motor neurone disease ; Motors ; Neurology ; Neurosciences ; Patients ; Qualitative analysis ; Short term memory ; Social Sciences ; Teaching methods</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-08, Vol.13 (8), p.e0200953-e0200953</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Poletti et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 Poletti et al 2018 Poletti et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-6bc0a71813e19291ff783fb41b700009e3beb8b7c3f008e13e31ed3c0b51944e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c593t-6bc0a71813e19291ff783fb41b700009e3beb8b7c3f008e13e31ed3c0b51944e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4398-2051 ; 0000-0002-0662-7678 ; 0000-0001-7674-5621 ; 0000-0002-8924-8234</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6084851/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6084851/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,725,778,782,862,883,2098,2917,23849,27907,27908,53774,53776,79351,79352</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30091987$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Fasano, Alfonso</contributor><creatorcontrib>Poletti, Barbara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carelli, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faini, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solca, Federica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meriggi, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lafronza, Annalisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciringione, Luciana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedroli, Elisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ticozzi, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ciammola, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cipresso, Pietro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riva, Giuseppe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silani, Vincenzo</creatorcontrib><title>The Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test (ACCT): A new verbal-motor free cognitive measure for executive functions in ALS</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The presence of executive deficits in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is well established, even if standardized measures are difficult to obtain due to progressive physical disability of the patients. We present clinical data concerning a newly developed measure of cognitive flexibility, administered by means of Eye-Tracking (ET) technology in order to bypass verbal-motor limitations.
21 ALS patients and 21 age-and education-matched healthy subjects participated in an ET-based cognitive assessment, including a newly developed test of cognitive flexibility (Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test-ACCT) and other oculomotor-driven measures of cognitive functions. A standard screening of frontal and working memory abilities and global cognitive efficiency was administered to all subjects, in addition to a psychological self-rated assessment. For ALS patients, a clinical examination was also performed.
ACCT successfully discriminated between patients and healthy controls, mainly concerning execution times obtained at different subtests. A qualitative analysis performed on error distributions in patients highlighted a lower prevalence of perseverative errors, with respect to other type of errors. Correlations between ACCT and other ET-based frontal-executive measures were significant and involved different frontal sub-domains. Limited correlations were observed between ACCT and standard 'paper and pencil' cognitive tests.
The newly developed ET-based measure of cognitive flexibility could be a useful tool to detect slight frontal impairments in non-demented ALS patients by bypassing verbal-motor limitations through the oculomotor-driven administration. The findings reported in the present study represent the first contribution towards the development of a full verbal-motor free executive test for ALS patients.</description><subject>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Brain damage</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive ability</subject><subject>Cognitive tests</subject><subject>Control</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Development and progression</subject><subject>Error analysis</subject><subject>Executive function</subject><subject>Flexibility</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Motor neurone disease</subject><subject>Motors</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>Neurosciences</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Qualitative analysis</subject><subject>Short term 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Alfonso</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test (ACCT): A new verbal-motor free cognitive measure for executive functions in ALS</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-08-09</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>e0200953</spage><epage>e0200953</epage><pages>e0200953-e0200953</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The presence of executive deficits in patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is well established, even if standardized measures are difficult to obtain due to progressive physical disability of the patients. We present clinical data concerning a newly developed measure of cognitive flexibility, administered by means of Eye-Tracking (ET) technology in order to bypass verbal-motor limitations.
21 ALS patients and 21 age-and education-matched healthy subjects participated in an ET-based cognitive assessment, including a newly developed test of cognitive flexibility (Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test-ACCT) and other oculomotor-driven measures of cognitive functions. A standard screening of frontal and working memory abilities and global cognitive efficiency was administered to all subjects, in addition to a psychological self-rated assessment. For ALS patients, a clinical examination was also performed.
ACCT successfully discriminated between patients and healthy controls, mainly concerning execution times obtained at different subtests. A qualitative analysis performed on error distributions in patients highlighted a lower prevalence of perseverative errors, with respect to other type of errors. Correlations between ACCT and other ET-based frontal-executive measures were significant and involved different frontal sub-domains. Limited correlations were observed between ACCT and standard 'paper and pencil' cognitive tests.
The newly developed ET-based measure of cognitive flexibility could be a useful tool to detect slight frontal impairments in non-demented ALS patients by bypassing verbal-motor limitations through the oculomotor-driven administration. The findings reported in the present study represent the first contribution towards the development of a full verbal-motor free executive test for ALS patients.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30091987</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0200953</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-2051</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-7678</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7674-5621</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8924-8234</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2018-08, Vol.13 (8), p.e0200953-e0200953 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2086255229 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Anxiety Biology and Life Sciences Brain damage Care and treatment Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Cognitive tests Control Correlation Development and progression Error analysis Executive function Flexibility Laboratories Medicine and Health Sciences Memory Motor neurone disease Motors Neurology Neurosciences Patients Qualitative analysis Short term memory Social Sciences Teaching methods |
| title | The Arrows and Colors Cognitive Test (ACCT): A new verbal-motor free cognitive measure for executive functions in ALS |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-16T12%3A58%3A53IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20Arrows%20and%20Colors%20Cognitive%20Test%20(ACCT):%20A%20new%20verbal-motor%20free%20cognitive%20measure%20for%20executive%20functions%20in%20ALS&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Poletti,%20Barbara&rft.date=2018-08-09&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e0200953&rft.epage=e0200953&rft.pages=e0200953-e0200953&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0200953&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA549534743%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2086255229&rft_id=info:pmid/30091987&rft_galeid=A549534743&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_3391324fcb6049759cf0b9f23520dd5d&rfr_iscdi=true |