Synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China: A sixteen-city, cross-sectional survey
Increasing evidence suggests an association between synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to evaluate synthetic drug use prevalence, describe characteristics of synthetic drug users, and investigate whether synthetic drug use is associa...
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| creator | Luo, Wei Hong, Hang Wang, Xiaofang McGoogan, Jennifer M Rou, Keming Wu, Zunyou |
| description | Increasing evidence suggests an association between synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to evaluate synthetic drug use prevalence, describe characteristics of synthetic drug users, and investigate whether synthetic drug use is associated with HIV infection among Chinese MSM.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 Chinese cities among males >18 years old who reported having had sex with men in the prior 3 months, but did not already have a known HIV-positive serostatus. Participants were grouped according to lifetime synthetic drug use and characteristics were compared using Chi-square test. Determinants of HIV infection were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression.
Among 3,135 participants, 1,249 reported lifetime synthetic drug use, for a prevalence of 39.8%. Nearly all users (96.3%) reported using inhaled alkyl nitrites ("poppers"). Synthetic drug users were more likely to be younger ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0200816 |
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A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 Chinese cities among males >18 years old who reported having had sex with men in the prior 3 months, but did not already have a known HIV-positive serostatus. Participants were grouped according to lifetime synthetic drug use and characteristics were compared using Chi-square test. Determinants of HIV infection were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression.
Among 3,135 participants, 1,249 reported lifetime synthetic drug use, for a prevalence of 39.8%. Nearly all users (96.3%) reported using inhaled alkyl nitrites ("poppers"). Synthetic drug users were more likely to be younger (<30 years, p<0.001), single (p<0.001), and more educated (p<0.001), and were more likely to engage in higher risk sexual behavior compared to non-drug users. Overall HIV prevalence was 7.8% (246/3,135). However, prevalence among synthetic drug users was 10.6% (132/246) compared to 6.0% (114/246) for non-drug users (p<0.001). Factors associated with an increased odds of HIV infection included inconsistent condom use with male partners (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64-2.91) and synthetic drug use (adjusted OR = 2.04, CI = 1.56-2.70).
Prevalence of synthetic drug use, especially poppers use, prevalence was high in our study, and users had 2-fold greater odds of HIV acquisition. It is clear that there is an urgent need for increased prevention, testing, and treatment interventions for this key, dual-risk population in China. Moreover, we call on the Chinese Government to consider regulating poppers so that users can be properly warned about their associated risks.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200816</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30063747</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Adult ; AIDS ; Biology and Life Sciences ; China ; Cities ; Complications and side effects ; Confidence intervals ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease prevention ; Dosage and administration ; Drug abuse ; Drug therapy ; Drug use ; Drug Users ; Epidemics ; Gays & lesbians ; Health aspects ; HIV ; HIV infections ; HIV Infections - complications ; Homosexuality, Male ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Illegal drugs ; Infections ; Male ; Males ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Men ; Mens health ; MSM (Men who have sex with men) ; Nitrites ; People and Places ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk taking ; Safe Sex ; Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually transmitted diseases ; Social Sciences ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical tests ; STD ; Substance-Related Disorders - complications ; Surveys ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Synthetic Drugs ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-07, Vol.13 (7), p.e0200816-e0200816</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Luo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 Luo et al 2018 Luo et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-6425fbd4abd4a3ced56bfbe05b9eb32db04a8c31f25b497668a9936efd6929673</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-6425fbd4abd4a3ced56bfbe05b9eb32db04a8c31f25b497668a9936efd6929673</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0839-4548</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6067707/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6067707/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,861,882,2096,2915,23847,27905,27906,53772,53774,79349,79350</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30063747$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Hu, Wenhui</contributor><creatorcontrib>Luo, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hong, Hang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaofang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McGoogan, Jennifer M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rou, Keming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Zunyou</creatorcontrib><title>Synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China: A sixteen-city, cross-sectional survey</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Increasing evidence suggests an association between synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to evaluate synthetic drug use prevalence, describe characteristics of synthetic drug users, and investigate whether synthetic drug use is associated with HIV infection among Chinese MSM.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 Chinese cities among males >18 years old who reported having had sex with men in the prior 3 months, but did not already have a known HIV-positive serostatus. Participants were grouped according to lifetime synthetic drug use and characteristics were compared using Chi-square test. Determinants of HIV infection were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression.
Among 3,135 participants, 1,249 reported lifetime synthetic drug use, for a prevalence of 39.8%. Nearly all users (96.3%) reported using inhaled alkyl nitrites ("poppers"). Synthetic drug users were more likely to be younger (<30 years, p<0.001), single (p<0.001), and more educated (p<0.001), and were more likely to engage in higher risk sexual behavior compared to non-drug users. Overall HIV prevalence was 7.8% (246/3,135). However, prevalence among synthetic drug users was 10.6% (132/246) compared to 6.0% (114/246) for non-drug users (p<0.001). Factors associated with an increased odds of HIV infection included inconsistent condom use with male partners (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64-2.91) and synthetic drug use (adjusted OR = 2.04, CI = 1.56-2.70).
Prevalence of synthetic drug use, especially poppers use, prevalence was high in our study, and users had 2-fold greater odds of HIV acquisition. It is clear that there is an urgent need for increased prevention, testing, and treatment interventions for this key, dual-risk population in China. Moreover, we call on the Chinese Government to consider regulating poppers so that users can be properly warned about their associated risks.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Dosage and administration</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drug therapy</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>Drug Users</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Gays & lesbians</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV infections</subject><subject>HIV Infections - complications</subject><subject>Homosexuality, Male</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illegal drugs</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Mens health</subject><subject>MSM (Men who have sex with men)</subject><subject>Nitrites</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Risk taking</subject><subject>Safe Sex</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sexual Behavior</subject><subject>Sexual Partners</subject><subject>Sexually transmitted diseases</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical tests</subject><subject>STD</subject><subject>Substance-Related Disorders - complications</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Synthetic Drugs</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk9GK1DAUhoso7jr6BqIBQRTsmCZt0nohLIO6AwsLru5tSNPTNkMnGZt2dubtTWe6y1T2QkpoOPn-P8nJOUHwOsLziPLo88r2rZHNfGMNzDHBOI3Yk-A8yigJGcH06cn8LHjh3ArjhKaMPQ_OKMaM8pifB_3N3nQ1dFqhou0r1DtA0hTocnmLtClBddoaJNfWVGgNBt3VFtVyC8jBDt3prj5EtUGLWhv5BV0gp3cdgAmV7vafkGqtc6E7-sgGub7dwv5l8KyUjYNX438W_P7-7dfiMry6_rFcXFyFimWkC1lMkjIvYjkMqqBIWF7mgJM8g5ySIsexTBWNSpLkccYZS2WWUQZl4eUZ43QWvD36bhrrxJgxJwhOMU9TQpknlkeisHIlNq1ey3YvrNTiELBtJWTrs9OAYIRwnCVlwVUWc0jyhFLKuCwyLhOCC-_1ddytz9dQKDBdK5uJ6XTF6FpUdisYZpzj4bgfRoPW_unBdWKtnYKmkQZsfzh3lCSUpJFH3_2DPn67kaqkv4B_T-v3VYOpuEjilGYHv1kwf4TyXwFrrXx5ldrHJ4KPE4FnOth1leydE8ubn__PXt9O2fcnbA2y6Wpnm36oHTcF4yN4KK8WyockR1gM3XGfDTF0hxi7w8venD7Qg-i-HehfD4oJxw</recordid><startdate>20180731</startdate><enddate>20180731</enddate><creator>Luo, Wei</creator><creator>Hong, Hang</creator><creator>Wang, Xiaofang</creator><creator>McGoogan, Jennifer M</creator><creator>Rou, Keming</creator><creator>Wu, Zunyou</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-4548</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180731</creationdate><title>Synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China: A sixteen-city, cross-sectional survey</title><author>Luo, Wei ; Hong, Hang ; Wang, Xiaofang ; McGoogan, Jennifer M ; Rou, Keming ; Wu, Zunyou</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-6425fbd4abd4a3ced56bfbe05b9eb32db04a8c31f25b497668a9936efd6929673</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Complications and side effects</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Disease prevention</topic><topic>Dosage and administration</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drug therapy</topic><topic>Drug use</topic><topic>Drug Users</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Gays & lesbians</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV infections</topic><topic>HIV Infections - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Luo, Wei</au><au>Hong, Hang</au><au>Wang, Xiaofang</au><au>McGoogan, Jennifer M</au><au>Rou, Keming</au><au>Wu, Zunyou</au><au>Hu, Wenhui</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China: A sixteen-city, cross-sectional survey</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-07-31</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e0200816</spage><epage>e0200816</epage><pages>e0200816-e0200816</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Increasing evidence suggests an association between synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM). The aim of this study was to evaluate synthetic drug use prevalence, describe characteristics of synthetic drug users, and investigate whether synthetic drug use is associated with HIV infection among Chinese MSM.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 16 Chinese cities among males >18 years old who reported having had sex with men in the prior 3 months, but did not already have a known HIV-positive serostatus. Participants were grouped according to lifetime synthetic drug use and characteristics were compared using Chi-square test. Determinants of HIV infection were assessed using univariate and multivariate regression.
Among 3,135 participants, 1,249 reported lifetime synthetic drug use, for a prevalence of 39.8%. Nearly all users (96.3%) reported using inhaled alkyl nitrites ("poppers"). Synthetic drug users were more likely to be younger (<30 years, p<0.001), single (p<0.001), and more educated (p<0.001), and were more likely to engage in higher risk sexual behavior compared to non-drug users. Overall HIV prevalence was 7.8% (246/3,135). However, prevalence among synthetic drug users was 10.6% (132/246) compared to 6.0% (114/246) for non-drug users (p<0.001). Factors associated with an increased odds of HIV infection included inconsistent condom use with male partners (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.64-2.91) and synthetic drug use (adjusted OR = 2.04, CI = 1.56-2.70).
Prevalence of synthetic drug use, especially poppers use, prevalence was high in our study, and users had 2-fold greater odds of HIV acquisition. It is clear that there is an urgent need for increased prevention, testing, and treatment interventions for this key, dual-risk population in China. Moreover, we call on the Chinese Government to consider regulating poppers so that users can be properly warned about their associated risks.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>30063747</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0200816</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0839-4548</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adult AIDS Biology and Life Sciences China Cities Complications and side effects Confidence intervals Cross-Sectional Studies Disease prevention Dosage and administration Drug abuse Drug therapy Drug use Drug Users Epidemics Gays & lesbians Health aspects HIV HIV infections HIV Infections - complications Homosexuality, Male Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Illegal drugs Infections Male Males Medicine and Health Sciences Men Mens health MSM (Men who have sex with men) Nitrites People and Places Prevalence Risk Factors Risk taking Safe Sex Sex Sexual Behavior Sexual Partners Sexually transmitted diseases Social Sciences Statistical analysis Statistical tests STD Substance-Related Disorders - complications Surveys Surveys and Questionnaires Synthetic Drugs Young Adult |
| title | Synthetic drug use and HIV infection among men who have sex with men in China: A sixteen-city, cross-sectional survey |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-20T02%3A39%3A24IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Synthetic%20drug%20use%20and%20HIV%20infection%20among%20men%20who%20have%20sex%20with%20men%20in%20China:%20A%20sixteen-city,%20cross-sectional%20survey&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Luo,%20Wei&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e0200816&rft.epage=e0200816&rft.pages=e0200816-e0200816&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0200816&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA548398155%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2080788236&rft_id=info:pmid/30063747&rft_galeid=A548398155&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_6227095fd7c947e5b533367ad97a520d&rfr_iscdi=true |