Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees
Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased col...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2018-03, Vol.13 (3), p.e0195283-e0195283 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0195283 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | e0195283 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 13 |
| creator | Amiri, Esmaeil Kryger, Per Meixner, Marina D Strand, Micheline K Tarpy, David R Rueppell, Olav |
| description | Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased colony loss under stress, or high-level infections with acute effects on bee health and viability. DWV can be transmitted vertically or horizontally and evidence suggests that horizontal transmission via Varroa is associated with acute symptomatic infections. Vertical transmission also occurs and is presumably important for the maintenance of DWV in honey bee populations. To further our understanding the vertical transmission of DWV through queens, we performed three experiments: we studied the quantitative effectiveness of vertical transmission, surveyed the prevalence of successful egg infection under commercial conditions, and distinguished among three possible mechanisms of transmission. We find that queen-infection level predicts the DWV titers in their eggs, although the transmission is not very efficient. Our quantitative assessment of DWV demonstrates that eggs in 1/3 of the colonies are infected with DWV and highly infected eggs are rare in newly-installed spring colonies. Additionally, our results indicate that DWV transmission occurs predominantly by virus adhering to the surface of eggs (transovum) rather than intracellularly. Our combined results suggest that the queens' DWV vectoring capacity in practice is not as high as its theoretical potential. Thus, DWV transmission by honey bee queens is part of the DWV epidemic with relevant practical implications, which should be further studied. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0195283 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_2019803413</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A532722800</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_f82f673d2e544d66a2c16ca746ae94b3</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A532722800</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-72a5508307cd36f66c471f4189f730904dcddf6909072452721b27606b9bd9903</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkluL1DAYhoso7rr6D0QLgujFjDm0SXMjLIuHgYVFV70NaQ6dDJ1kTNLR_femTneZyl5IAw3J873J9-YtiucQLCGm8N3GD8GJfrnzTi8BZDVq8IPiFDKMFgQB_PBoflI8iXEDQI0bQh4XJ4jVjNSAnRbXXwbhkk0i2b0udyIlHVwsvSn3OiQrRV-mIFzc2hitd-OG0saHrVblL-u6cm_DEEvrynW-x03Zah2fFo-M6KN-Nv3Piu8fP3y7-Ly4vPq0uji_XEjCUFpQJOoaNBhQqTAxhMiKQlPBhhmKAQOVkkoZwvKUoqpGFMEWUQJIy1rFGMBnxcuD7q73kU9-RI6yGQ3AFcSZWB0I5cWG74LdinDDvbD874IPHRdjl73mpkGGUKyQrqtKESKQhEQKWhGhWdWOWu-n04Y2dy-1y8b0M9H5jrNr3vk9rxuaB8wCbyaB4H8OOiaeTZW674XTfhjvjUDVANCM6Kt_0Pu7m6hO5AasMz6fK0dRfl7j7BfKapla3kPlT-mtlfnRjM3rs4K3s4LMJP07dWKIka-uv_4_e_Vjzr4-Ytda9GkdfT-knKs4B6sDKIOPMWhzZzIEfMz-rRt8zD6fsp_LXhw_0F3RbdjxH2z4_SI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2019803413</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Amiri, Esmaeil ; Kryger, Per ; Meixner, Marina D ; Strand, Micheline K ; Tarpy, David R ; Rueppell, Olav</creator><contributor>Nieh, James C.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Amiri, Esmaeil ; Kryger, Per ; Meixner, Marina D ; Strand, Micheline K ; Tarpy, David R ; Rueppell, Olav ; Nieh, James C.</creatorcontrib><description>Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased colony loss under stress, or high-level infections with acute effects on bee health and viability. DWV can be transmitted vertically or horizontally and evidence suggests that horizontal transmission via Varroa is associated with acute symptomatic infections. Vertical transmission also occurs and is presumably important for the maintenance of DWV in honey bee populations. To further our understanding the vertical transmission of DWV through queens, we performed three experiments: we studied the quantitative effectiveness of vertical transmission, surveyed the prevalence of successful egg infection under commercial conditions, and distinguished among three possible mechanisms of transmission. We find that queen-infection level predicts the DWV titers in their eggs, although the transmission is not very efficient. Our quantitative assessment of DWV demonstrates that eggs in 1/3 of the colonies are infected with DWV and highly infected eggs are rare in newly-installed spring colonies. Additionally, our results indicate that DWV transmission occurs predominantly by virus adhering to the surface of eggs (transovum) rather than intracellularly. Our combined results suggest that the queens' DWV vectoring capacity in practice is not as high as its theoretical potential. Thus, DWV transmission by honey bee queens is part of the DWV epidemic with relevant practical implications, which should be further studied.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195283</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29596509</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acute effects ; Apis mellifera ; Bees ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Colonies ; Deformation mechanisms ; Disease ; Disease transmission ; Diseases and pests ; Distribution ; Eggs ; Epidemics ; European honeybee ; Genetic diversity ; Honey ; Infections ; Insect viruses ; Insects ; Laboratories ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Mortality ; Pathogens ; Physiological aspects ; Plant pathology ; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ; Queens ; Research and analysis methods ; Social Sciences ; Viability ; Viruses</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-03, Vol.13 (3), p.e0195283-e0195283</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-72a5508307cd36f66c471f4189f730904dcddf6909072452721b27606b9bd9903</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-72a5508307cd36f66c471f4189f730904dcddf6909072452721b27606b9bd9903</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8536-5815</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875871/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5875871/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2102,2928,23866,27924,27925,53791,53793,79600,79601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29596509$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Nieh, James C.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Amiri, Esmaeil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kryger, Per</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meixner, Marina D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strand, Micheline K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarpy, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rueppell, Olav</creatorcontrib><title>Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased colony loss under stress, or high-level infections with acute effects on bee health and viability. DWV can be transmitted vertically or horizontally and evidence suggests that horizontal transmission via Varroa is associated with acute symptomatic infections. Vertical transmission also occurs and is presumably important for the maintenance of DWV in honey bee populations. To further our understanding the vertical transmission of DWV through queens, we performed three experiments: we studied the quantitative effectiveness of vertical transmission, surveyed the prevalence of successful egg infection under commercial conditions, and distinguished among three possible mechanisms of transmission. We find that queen-infection level predicts the DWV titers in their eggs, although the transmission is not very efficient. Our quantitative assessment of DWV demonstrates that eggs in 1/3 of the colonies are infected with DWV and highly infected eggs are rare in newly-installed spring colonies. Additionally, our results indicate that DWV transmission occurs predominantly by virus adhering to the surface of eggs (transovum) rather than intracellularly. Our combined results suggest that the queens' DWV vectoring capacity in practice is not as high as its theoretical potential. Thus, DWV transmission by honey bee queens is part of the DWV epidemic with relevant practical implications, which should be further studied.</description><subject>Acute effects</subject><subject>Apis mellifera</subject><subject>Bees</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Colonies</subject><subject>Deformation mechanisms</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Diseases and pests</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Eggs</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>European honeybee</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Honey</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Insect viruses</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Plant pathology</subject><subject>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Queens</subject><subject>Research and analysis methods</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Viability</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkluL1DAYhoso7rr6D0QLgujFjDm0SXMjLIuHgYVFV70NaQ6dDJ1kTNLR_femTneZyl5IAw3J873J9-YtiucQLCGm8N3GD8GJfrnzTi8BZDVq8IPiFDKMFgQB_PBoflI8iXEDQI0bQh4XJ4jVjNSAnRbXXwbhkk0i2b0udyIlHVwsvSn3OiQrRV-mIFzc2hitd-OG0saHrVblL-u6cm_DEEvrynW-x03Zah2fFo-M6KN-Nv3Piu8fP3y7-Ly4vPq0uji_XEjCUFpQJOoaNBhQqTAxhMiKQlPBhhmKAQOVkkoZwvKUoqpGFMEWUQJIy1rFGMBnxcuD7q73kU9-RI6yGQ3AFcSZWB0I5cWG74LdinDDvbD874IPHRdjl73mpkGGUKyQrqtKESKQhEQKWhGhWdWOWu-n04Y2dy-1y8b0M9H5jrNr3vk9rxuaB8wCbyaB4H8OOiaeTZW674XTfhjvjUDVANCM6Kt_0Pu7m6hO5AasMz6fK0dRfl7j7BfKapla3kPlT-mtlfnRjM3rs4K3s4LMJP07dWKIka-uv_4_e_Vjzr4-Ytda9GkdfT-knKs4B6sDKIOPMWhzZzIEfMz-rRt8zD6fsp_LXhw_0F3RbdjxH2z4_SI</recordid><startdate>20180329</startdate><enddate>20180329</enddate><creator>Amiri, Esmaeil</creator><creator>Kryger, Per</creator><creator>Meixner, Marina D</creator><creator>Strand, Micheline K</creator><creator>Tarpy, David R</creator><creator>Rueppell, Olav</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-5815</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180329</creationdate><title>Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees</title><author>Amiri, Esmaeil ; Kryger, Per ; Meixner, Marina D ; Strand, Micheline K ; Tarpy, David R ; Rueppell, Olav</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-72a5508307cd36f66c471f4189f730904dcddf6909072452721b27606b9bd9903</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Acute effects</topic><topic>Apis mellifera</topic><topic>Bees</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Colonies</topic><topic>Deformation mechanisms</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Diseases and pests</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>Eggs</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>European honeybee</topic><topic>Genetic diversity</topic><topic>Honey</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Insect viruses</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Plant pathology</topic><topic>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</topic><topic>Queens</topic><topic>Research and analysis methods</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Viability</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Amiri, Esmaeil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kryger, Per</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meixner, Marina D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Strand, Micheline K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarpy, David R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rueppell, Olav</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Amiri, Esmaeil</au><au>Kryger, Per</au><au>Meixner, Marina D</au><au>Strand, Micheline K</au><au>Tarpy, David R</au><au>Rueppell, Olav</au><au>Nieh, James C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-03-29</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0195283</spage><epage>e0195283</epage><pages>e0195283-e0195283</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Deformed wing virus (DWV) is an important pathogen in a broad range of insects, including honey bees. Concordant with the spread of Varroa, DWV is present in the majority of honey bee colonies and can result in either low-level infections with asymptomatic bees that nonetheless exhibit increased colony loss under stress, or high-level infections with acute effects on bee health and viability. DWV can be transmitted vertically or horizontally and evidence suggests that horizontal transmission via Varroa is associated with acute symptomatic infections. Vertical transmission also occurs and is presumably important for the maintenance of DWV in honey bee populations. To further our understanding the vertical transmission of DWV through queens, we performed three experiments: we studied the quantitative effectiveness of vertical transmission, surveyed the prevalence of successful egg infection under commercial conditions, and distinguished among three possible mechanisms of transmission. We find that queen-infection level predicts the DWV titers in their eggs, although the transmission is not very efficient. Our quantitative assessment of DWV demonstrates that eggs in 1/3 of the colonies are infected with DWV and highly infected eggs are rare in newly-installed spring colonies. Additionally, our results indicate that DWV transmission occurs predominantly by virus adhering to the surface of eggs (transovum) rather than intracellularly. Our combined results suggest that the queens' DWV vectoring capacity in practice is not as high as its theoretical potential. Thus, DWV transmission by honey bee queens is part of the DWV epidemic with relevant practical implications, which should be further studied.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29596509</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0195283</doi><tpages>e0195283</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-5815</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2018-03, Vol.13 (3), p.e0195283-e0195283 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2019803413 |
| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acute effects Apis mellifera Bees Biology and Life Sciences Colonies Deformation mechanisms Disease Disease transmission Diseases and pests Distribution Eggs Epidemics European honeybee Genetic diversity Honey Infections Insect viruses Insects Laboratories Medicine and Health Sciences Mortality Pathogens Physiological aspects Plant pathology Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Queens Research and analysis methods Social Sciences Viability Viruses |
| title | Quantitative patterns of vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honey bees |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-26T20%3A41%3A33IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Quantitative%20patterns%20of%20vertical%20transmission%20of%20deformed%20wing%20virus%20in%20honey%20bees&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Amiri,%20Esmaeil&rft.date=2018-03-29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=e0195283&rft.epage=e0195283&rft.pages=e0195283-e0195283&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0195283&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA532722800%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2019803413&rft_id=info:pmid/29596509&rft_galeid=A532722800&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_f82f673d2e544d66a2c16ca746ae94b3&rfr_iscdi=true |