Associations between sun sensitive pigmentary genes and serum prostate specific antigen levels
Melanoma and prostate cancer may share risk factors. This study examined the association between serum PSA levels, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer, and variants in some melanoma-associated pigmentary genes. We studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in M...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2018-03, Vol.13 (3), p.e0193893 |
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| creator | Nair-Shalliker, Visalini Egger, Sam Chrzanowska, Agata Mason, Rebecca Waite, Louise Le Couteur, David Seibel, Markus J Handelsman, David J Cumming, Robert Smith, David P Armstrong, Bruce K |
| description | Melanoma and prostate cancer may share risk factors. This study examined the association between serum PSA levels, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer, and variants in some melanoma-associated pigmentary genes.
We studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project who had no history of prostatitis or received treatment for prostate disease (n = 1033). We genotyped variants in MC1R (rs1805007, rs1805008), ASIP (rs4911414, rs1015362), SLC45A2 (rs28777, rs16891982), IRF4 (rs12203592), TYRP1 (rs1408799), TYR (rs1126809, rs1042602), SLC24A2 (rs12896399), and OCA2 (rs7495174). Generalised linear dominant models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variance estimators estimated adjusted percentage differences (%PSA) in mean serum PSA levels (ng/mL) between variant and wildtype (0%PSA = reference) genotypes, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum 25OHD levels and birth regions (Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), Europe or elsewhere).
Serum PSA levels were strongly associated with advancing age and birth regions: mean PSA levels were lower in Europe-born (-29.7%) and elsewhere-born (-11.7%) men than ANZ-born men (reference). Lower %PSA was observed in men with variants in SLC45A2: rs28777 (-19.6;95%CI: -33.5, -2.7), rs16891982 (-17.3;95%CI:-30.4,-1.7) than in wildtype men (reference). There were significant interactions between birth regions and PSA levels in men with variants in MC1R (rs1805007; p-interaction = 0.0001) and ASIP (rs4911414; p-interaction = 0.007). For these genes %PSA was greater in ANZ-born men and lower in Europe- and elsewhere-born men with the variant than it was in wildtype men. In a post hoc analysis, serum testosterone levels were increased in men with MC1R rs1805007 and serum dihydrotestosterone in men with ASIP rs1015362.
Men with SNPs in SLC45A2, who have less sun sensitive skin, have lower PSA levels. Men with SNPs in MC1R and ASIP, who have more sun sensitive skin, and were born in ANZ, have higher PSA levels. Androgens may modify these apparent associations of pigmentary genes and sun exposure with PSA levels.
PSA levels and possibly prostate cancer risk may vary with sun sensitivity and sun exposure, the effects of which might be modified by androgen levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0193893 |
| format | Article |
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We studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project who had no history of prostatitis or received treatment for prostate disease (n = 1033). We genotyped variants in MC1R (rs1805007, rs1805008), ASIP (rs4911414, rs1015362), SLC45A2 (rs28777, rs16891982), IRF4 (rs12203592), TYRP1 (rs1408799), TYR (rs1126809, rs1042602), SLC24A2 (rs12896399), and OCA2 (rs7495174). Generalised linear dominant models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variance estimators estimated adjusted percentage differences (%PSA) in mean serum PSA levels (ng/mL) between variant and wildtype (0%PSA = reference) genotypes, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum 25OHD levels and birth regions (Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), Europe or elsewhere).
Serum PSA levels were strongly associated with advancing age and birth regions: mean PSA levels were lower in Europe-born (-29.7%) and elsewhere-born (-11.7%) men than ANZ-born men (reference). Lower %PSA was observed in men with variants in SLC45A2: rs28777 (-19.6;95%CI: -33.5, -2.7), rs16891982 (-17.3;95%CI:-30.4,-1.7) than in wildtype men (reference). There were significant interactions between birth regions and PSA levels in men with variants in MC1R (rs1805007; p-interaction = 0.0001) and ASIP (rs4911414; p-interaction = 0.007). For these genes %PSA was greater in ANZ-born men and lower in Europe- and elsewhere-born men with the variant than it was in wildtype men. In a post hoc analysis, serum testosterone levels were increased in men with MC1R rs1805007 and serum dihydrotestosterone in men with ASIP rs1015362.
Men with SNPs in SLC45A2, who have less sun sensitive skin, have lower PSA levels. Men with SNPs in MC1R and ASIP, who have more sun sensitive skin, and were born in ANZ, have higher PSA levels. Androgens may modify these apparent associations of pigmentary genes and sun exposure with PSA levels.
PSA levels and possibly prostate cancer risk may vary with sun sensitivity and sun exposure, the effects of which might be modified by androgen levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193893</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29518100</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Androgens ; Animal models ; Antigens ; Australia ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Birth ; Body mass ; Body mass index ; Body size ; Cancer ; Childbirth & labor ; Councils ; Dihydrotestosterone ; Dihydrotestosterone - blood ; Education ; Ethics ; Europe - ethnology ; Exposure ; Genes ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotypes ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Interferon regulatory factor 4 ; Male ; Medical research ; Medical treatment ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Melanoma ; Melanoma - genetics ; Men ; Mens health ; Models, Genetic ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - genetics ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - genetics ; New Zealand ; People and Places ; Population ; Prostate cancer ; Prostate specific antigen ; Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood ; Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics ; Prostatitis ; Public health ; Radiation Tolerance - genetics ; Reference Values ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Single-nucleotide polymorphism ; Skin ; Skin cancer ; Skin color ; Skin Neoplasms - genetics ; Skin Pigmentation - genetics ; Studies ; Sun ; Sunlight - adverse effects ; Systematic review ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - blood</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2018-03, Vol.13 (3), p.e0193893</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2018 Nair-Shalliker et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 Nair-Shalliker et al 2018 Nair-Shalliker et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ce8c99248b489a062f2f30afbb0aa5ea6897a2da26bfe911aaa1d800eb8158cc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-ce8c99248b489a062f2f30afbb0aa5ea6897a2da26bfe911aaa1d800eb8158cc3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6277-5125</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5843239/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5843239/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23847,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29518100$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Shore, Neal</contributor><creatorcontrib>Nair-Shalliker, Visalini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egger, Sam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chrzanowska, Agata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mason, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waite, Louise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Couteur, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seibel, Markus J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Handelsman, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cumming, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armstrong, Bruce K</creatorcontrib><title>Associations between sun sensitive pigmentary genes and serum prostate specific antigen levels</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Melanoma and prostate cancer may share risk factors. This study examined the association between serum PSA levels, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer, and variants in some melanoma-associated pigmentary genes.
We studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project who had no history of prostatitis or received treatment for prostate disease (n = 1033). We genotyped variants in MC1R (rs1805007, rs1805008), ASIP (rs4911414, rs1015362), SLC45A2 (rs28777, rs16891982), IRF4 (rs12203592), TYRP1 (rs1408799), TYR (rs1126809, rs1042602), SLC24A2 (rs12896399), and OCA2 (rs7495174). Generalised linear dominant models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variance estimators estimated adjusted percentage differences (%PSA) in mean serum PSA levels (ng/mL) between variant and wildtype (0%PSA = reference) genotypes, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum 25OHD levels and birth regions (Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), Europe or elsewhere).
Serum PSA levels were strongly associated with advancing age and birth regions: mean PSA levels were lower in Europe-born (-29.7%) and elsewhere-born (-11.7%) men than ANZ-born men (reference). Lower %PSA was observed in men with variants in SLC45A2: rs28777 (-19.6;95%CI: -33.5, -2.7), rs16891982 (-17.3;95%CI:-30.4,-1.7) than in wildtype men (reference). There were significant interactions between birth regions and PSA levels in men with variants in MC1R (rs1805007; p-interaction = 0.0001) and ASIP (rs4911414; p-interaction = 0.007). For these genes %PSA was greater in ANZ-born men and lower in Europe- and elsewhere-born men with the variant than it was in wildtype men. In a post hoc analysis, serum testosterone levels were increased in men with MC1R rs1805007 and serum dihydrotestosterone in men with ASIP rs1015362.
Men with SNPs in SLC45A2, who have less sun sensitive skin, have lower PSA levels. Men with SNPs in MC1R and ASIP, who have more sun sensitive skin, and were born in ANZ, have higher PSA levels. Androgens may modify these apparent associations of pigmentary genes and sun exposure with PSA levels.
PSA levels and possibly prostate cancer risk may vary with sun sensitivity and sun exposure, the effects of which might be modified by androgen levels.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Androgens</subject><subject>Animal models</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Birth</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>Councils</subject><subject>Dihydrotestosterone</subject><subject>Dihydrotestosterone - blood</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Europe - ethnology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genes, Neoplasm</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</subject><subject>Genotypes</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interferon regulatory factor 4</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical treatment</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Melanoma</subject><subject>Melanoma - genetics</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Mens health</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - genetics</subject><subject>Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - genetics</subject><subject>New Zealand</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Prostate cancer</subject><subject>Prostate specific antigen</subject><subject>Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood</subject><subject>Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Prostatitis</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Radiation Tolerance - genetics</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Single-nucleotide polymorphism</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin cancer</subject><subject>Skin color</subject><subject>Skin Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Skin Pigmentation - genetics</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sun</subject><subject>Sunlight - adverse effects</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - 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blood</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Ethics</topic><topic>Europe - ethnology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genes, Neoplasm</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</topic><topic>Genotypes</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interferon regulatory factor 4</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical treatment</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Melanoma</topic><topic>Melanoma - genetics</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Mens health</topic><topic>Models, Genetic</topic><topic>Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - genetics</topic><topic>Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - genetics</topic><topic>New Zealand</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Prostate cancer</topic><topic>Prostate specific antigen</topic><topic>Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood</topic><topic>Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Prostatitis</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Radiation Tolerance - genetics</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Single-nucleotide polymorphism</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin cancer</topic><topic>Skin color</topic><topic>Skin Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Skin Pigmentation - genetics</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Sun</topic><topic>Sunlight - adverse effects</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nair-Shalliker, Visalini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Egger, Sam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chrzanowska, Agata</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mason, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waite, Louise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Couteur, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seibel, Markus J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Handelsman, David J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cumming, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Smith, David P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Armstrong, Bruce K</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nair-Shalliker, Visalini</au><au>Egger, Sam</au><au>Chrzanowska, Agata</au><au>Mason, Rebecca</au><au>Waite, Louise</au><au>Le Couteur, David</au><au>Seibel, Markus J</au><au>Handelsman, David J</au><au>Cumming, Robert</au><au>Smith, David P</au><au>Armstrong, Bruce K</au><au>Shore, Neal</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Associations between sun sensitive pigmentary genes and serum prostate specific antigen levels</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2018-03-08</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e0193893</spage><pages>e0193893-</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Melanoma and prostate cancer may share risk factors. This study examined the association between serum PSA levels, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer, and variants in some melanoma-associated pigmentary genes.
We studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project who had no history of prostatitis or received treatment for prostate disease (n = 1033). We genotyped variants in MC1R (rs1805007, rs1805008), ASIP (rs4911414, rs1015362), SLC45A2 (rs28777, rs16891982), IRF4 (rs12203592), TYRP1 (rs1408799), TYR (rs1126809, rs1042602), SLC24A2 (rs12896399), and OCA2 (rs7495174). Generalised linear dominant models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variance estimators estimated adjusted percentage differences (%PSA) in mean serum PSA levels (ng/mL) between variant and wildtype (0%PSA = reference) genotypes, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum 25OHD levels and birth regions (Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), Europe or elsewhere).
Serum PSA levels were strongly associated with advancing age and birth regions: mean PSA levels were lower in Europe-born (-29.7%) and elsewhere-born (-11.7%) men than ANZ-born men (reference). Lower %PSA was observed in men with variants in SLC45A2: rs28777 (-19.6;95%CI: -33.5, -2.7), rs16891982 (-17.3;95%CI:-30.4,-1.7) than in wildtype men (reference). There were significant interactions between birth regions and PSA levels in men with variants in MC1R (rs1805007; p-interaction = 0.0001) and ASIP (rs4911414; p-interaction = 0.007). For these genes %PSA was greater in ANZ-born men and lower in Europe- and elsewhere-born men with the variant than it was in wildtype men. In a post hoc analysis, serum testosterone levels were increased in men with MC1R rs1805007 and serum dihydrotestosterone in men with ASIP rs1015362.
Men with SNPs in SLC45A2, who have less sun sensitive skin, have lower PSA levels. Men with SNPs in MC1R and ASIP, who have more sun sensitive skin, and were born in ANZ, have higher PSA levels. Androgens may modify these apparent associations of pigmentary genes and sun exposure with PSA levels.
PSA levels and possibly prostate cancer risk may vary with sun sensitivity and sun exposure, the effects of which might be modified by androgen levels.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29518100</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0193893</doi><tpages>e0193893</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-5125</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2018-03, Vol.13 (3), p.e0193893 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_2012015078 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Androgens Animal models Antigens Australia Biology and Life Sciences Birth Body mass Body mass index Body size Cancer Childbirth & labor Councils Dihydrotestosterone Dihydrotestosterone - blood Education Ethics Europe - ethnology Exposure Genes Genes, Neoplasm Genetic aspects Genetic Predisposition to Disease Genotypes Health aspects Health risks Hospitals Humans Interferon regulatory factor 4 Male Medical research Medical treatment Medicine and Health Sciences Melanoma Melanoma - genetics Men Mens health Models, Genetic Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent - genetics Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - genetics New Zealand People and Places Population Prostate cancer Prostate specific antigen Prostate-Specific Antigen - blood Prostatic Neoplasms - genetics Prostatitis Public health Radiation Tolerance - genetics Reference Values Risk analysis Risk factors Single-nucleotide polymorphism Skin Skin cancer Skin color Skin Neoplasms - genetics Skin Pigmentation - genetics Studies Sun Sunlight - adverse effects Systematic review Testosterone Testosterone - blood |
| title | Associations between sun sensitive pigmentary genes and serum prostate specific antigen levels |
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