Loss of Gravitropism in Farnesene-Treated Arabidopsis Is Due to Microtubule Malformations Related to Hormonal and ROS Unbalance
Mode of action of farnesene, a volatile sesquiterpene commonly found in the essential oils of several plants, was deeply studied on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. The effects of farnesene on the Arabidopsis root morphology were evaluated by different microscopic techniques. As well, microtu...
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description | Mode of action of farnesene, a volatile sesquiterpene commonly found in the essential oils of several plants, was deeply studied on the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. The effects of farnesene on the Arabidopsis root morphology were evaluated by different microscopic techniques. As well, microtubules immunolabeling, phytohormone measurements and ROS staining helped us to elucidate the single or multi-modes of action of this sesquiterpene on plant metabolism. Farnesene-treated roots showed a strong growth inhibition and marked modifications on morphology, important tissue alterations, cellular damages and anisotropic growth. Left-handed growth of farnesene-treated roots, reverted by taxol (a known microtubule stabilizer), was related to microtubule condensation and disorganization. As well, the inhibition of primary root growth, lateral root number, lateral root length, and both root hairs length and density could be explained by the strong increment in ethylene production and auxin content detected in farnesene-treated seedlings. Microtubule alteration and hormonal unbalance appear as important components in the mode of action of farnesene and confirm the strong phytotoxic potential of this sesquiterpene. |
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The effects of farnesene on the Arabidopsis root morphology were evaluated by different microscopic techniques. As well, microtubules immunolabeling, phytohormone measurements and ROS staining helped us to elucidate the single or multi-modes of action of this sesquiterpene on plant metabolism. Farnesene-treated roots showed a strong growth inhibition and marked modifications on morphology, important tissue alterations, cellular damages and anisotropic growth. Left-handed growth of farnesene-treated roots, reverted by taxol (a known microtubule stabilizer), was related to microtubule condensation and disorganization. As well, the inhibition of primary root growth, lateral root number, lateral root length, and both root hairs length and density could be explained by the strong increment in ethylene production and auxin content detected in farnesene-treated seedlings. Microtubule alteration and hormonal unbalance appear as important components in the mode of action of farnesene and confirm the strong phytotoxic potential of this sesquiterpene.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160202</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27490179</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Aphidoidea ; Arabidopsis ; Arabidopsis - drug effects ; Arabidopsis - growth & development ; Arabidopsis - metabolism ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cell division ; Cellulose ; Condensates ; Essential oils ; Ethylenes - metabolism ; Farnesene ; Gene expression ; Genetic aspects ; Gravitropism ; Handedness ; Herbicides ; Herbivores ; Hydrogen Peroxide - analysis ; Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism ; Inhibition ; Life sciences ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Microtubules ; Microtubules - metabolism ; Mode of action ; Morphology ; Nitric Oxide - metabolism ; Paclitaxel ; Paclitaxel - pharmacology ; Physical Sciences ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Plant biology ; Plant growth ; Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism ; Plant hormones ; Plant metabolism ; Plant Roots - drug effects ; Plant Roots - growth & development ; Plant Roots - physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Root hairs ; Roots ; Seedlings ; Seedlings - drug effects ; Seedlings - growth & development ; Sesquiterpenes - pharmacology ; Soil sciences ; Superoxides - analysis ; Taxol ; Weeds ; Zea mays</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2016-08, Vol.11 (8), p.e0160202-e0160202</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2016 Araniti et al. 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Microtubule alteration and hormonal unbalance appear as important components in the mode of action of farnesene and confirm the strong phytotoxic potential of this sesquiterpene.</description><subject>Aphidoidea</subject><subject>Arabidopsis</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - drug effects</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - growth & development</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - metabolism</subject><subject>Arabidopsis thaliana</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cell division</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Condensates</subject><subject>Essential oils</subject><subject>Ethylenes - metabolism</subject><subject>Farnesene</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Gravitropism</subject><subject>Handedness</subject><subject>Herbicides</subject><subject>Herbivores</subject><subject>Hydrogen Peroxide - analysis</subject><subject>Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>Inhibition</subject><subject>Life sciences</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Transmission</subject><subject>Microtubules</subject><subject>Microtubules - metabolism</subject><subject>Mode of action</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - metabolism</subject><subject>Paclitaxel</subject><subject>Paclitaxel - pharmacology</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant biology</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism</subject><subject>Plant hormones</subject><subject>Plant metabolism</subject><subject>Plant Roots - drug effects</subject><subject>Plant Roots - growth & development</subject><subject>Plant Roots - physiology</subject><subject>Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Root hairs</subject><subject>Roots</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Seedlings - drug effects</subject><subject>Seedlings - growth & development</subject><subject>Sesquiterpenes - pharmacology</subject><subject>Soil sciences</subject><subject>Superoxides - 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The effects of farnesene on the Arabidopsis root morphology were evaluated by different microscopic techniques. As well, microtubules immunolabeling, phytohormone measurements and ROS staining helped us to elucidate the single or multi-modes of action of this sesquiterpene on plant metabolism. Farnesene-treated roots showed a strong growth inhibition and marked modifications on morphology, important tissue alterations, cellular damages and anisotropic growth. Left-handed growth of farnesene-treated roots, reverted by taxol (a known microtubule stabilizer), was related to microtubule condensation and disorganization. As well, the inhibition of primary root growth, lateral root number, lateral root length, and both root hairs length and density could be explained by the strong increment in ethylene production and auxin content detected in farnesene-treated seedlings. 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subjects | Aphidoidea Arabidopsis Arabidopsis - drug effects Arabidopsis - growth & development Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis thaliana Biology and Life Sciences Cell division Cellulose Condensates Essential oils Ethylenes - metabolism Farnesene Gene expression Genetic aspects Gravitropism Handedness Herbicides Herbivores Hydrogen Peroxide - analysis Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism Inhibition Life sciences Microscopy, Electron, Transmission Microtubules Microtubules - metabolism Mode of action Morphology Nitric Oxide - metabolism Paclitaxel Paclitaxel - pharmacology Physical Sciences Physiological aspects Physiology Plant biology Plant growth Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism Plant hormones Plant metabolism Plant Roots - drug effects Plant Roots - growth & development Plant Roots - physiology Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism Research and Analysis Methods Root hairs Roots Seedlings Seedlings - drug effects Seedlings - growth & development Sesquiterpenes - pharmacology Soil sciences Superoxides - analysis Taxol Weeds Zea mays |
title | Loss of Gravitropism in Farnesene-Treated Arabidopsis Is Due to Microtubule Malformations Related to Hormonal and ROS Unbalance |
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