Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV & HIV co-infection and risk factors analysis in Tripoli-Libya
In 1998 Libya experienced a major outbreak of multiple blood borne viral hepatitis and HIV infections. Since then, no studies have been done on the epidemic features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection among the general population. A prospective study was carried out using a multi-cen...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e98793-e98793 |
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| creator | Daw, Mohamed A Shabash, Amira El-Bouzedi, Abdallah Dau, Aghnya A |
| description | In 1998 Libya experienced a major outbreak of multiple blood borne viral hepatitis and HIV infections. Since then, no studies have been done on the epidemic features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection among the general population.
A prospective study was carried out using a multi-centre clustering method to collect samples from the general population. The participants were interviewed, and relevant information was collected, including socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic variables. This information was correlated with the risk factors involved in the transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV. Blood samples were collected and the sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV using enzyme immunoassay.
A total of 9,170 participants from the nine districts of Tripoli were enrolled. The average prevalence of HBsAg was 3.7%, anti-HCV 0.9%, anti-HIV 0.15% and co-infection 0.02%. The prevalence varied from one district to another. HBV was more prevalent among those aged over 50 years and was associated with family history. Anti-HCV and anti-HIV were more prevalent among those aged 20-40 years. Intravenous drug use and blood transfusion were the main risk factors for HCV and HIV infection.
HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection are relatively common in Libya. High prevalence was associated with geographic, ethnic and socioeconomic variability within the community. HCV and HIV infections among the younger age groups are becoming an alarming issue. Regulations and health care education need to be implemented and longer term follow-up should be planned. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0098793 |
| format | Article |
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A prospective study was carried out using a multi-centre clustering method to collect samples from the general population. The participants were interviewed, and relevant information was collected, including socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic variables. This information was correlated with the risk factors involved in the transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV. Blood samples were collected and the sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV using enzyme immunoassay.
A total of 9,170 participants from the nine districts of Tripoli were enrolled. The average prevalence of HBsAg was 3.7%, anti-HCV 0.9%, anti-HIV 0.15% and co-infection 0.02%. The prevalence varied from one district to another. HBV was more prevalent among those aged over 50 years and was associated with family history. Anti-HCV and anti-HIV were more prevalent among those aged 20-40 years. Intravenous drug use and blood transfusion were the main risk factors for HCV and HIV infection.
HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection are relatively common in Libya. High prevalence was associated with geographic, ethnic and socioeconomic variability within the community. HCV and HIV infections among the younger age groups are becoming an alarming issue. Regulations and health care education need to be implemented and longer term follow-up should be planned.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098793</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24936655</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; AIDS ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Blood ; Blood transfusion ; Clustering ; Coinfection - blood ; Coinfection - epidemiology ; Coinfection - immunology ; Demographic variables ; Demographics ; Disease transmission ; Drug abuse ; Enzyme immunoassay ; Epidemics ; Ethnic factors ; Female ; Genetics ; Health care ; Health risks ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis B - blood ; Hepatitis B - epidemiology ; Hepatitis B - immunology ; Hepatitis B surface antigen ; Hepatitis C - blood ; Hepatitis C - epidemiology ; Hepatitis C - immunology ; HIV ; HIV Infections - blood ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; HIV Infections - immunology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Infections ; Intravenous administration ; Laboratories ; Libya - epidemiology ; Male ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Middle Aged ; Outbreaks ; Population studies ; Prevalence ; Public health ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Serology ; Transfusion ; Viruses ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-06, Vol.9 (6), p.e98793-e98793</ispartof><rights>2014 Daw et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2014 Daw et al 2014 Daw et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-6f66e155d250f0942a3916519956c0c4715fab0563a717bc9078c52e4cefab623</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-6f66e155d250f0942a3916519956c0c4715fab0563a717bc9078c52e4cefab623</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4060988/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4060988/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24936655$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Blackard, Jason</contributor><creatorcontrib>Daw, Mohamed A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabash, Amira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Bouzedi, Abdallah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dau, Aghnya A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Association with the Libyan Study Group of Hepatitis & HIV</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>in association with the Libyan Study Group of Hepatitis & HIV</creatorcontrib><title>Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV & HIV co-infection and risk factors analysis in Tripoli-Libya</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>In 1998 Libya experienced a major outbreak of multiple blood borne viral hepatitis and HIV infections. Since then, no studies have been done on the epidemic features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection among the general population.
A prospective study was carried out using a multi-centre clustering method to collect samples from the general population. The participants were interviewed, and relevant information was collected, including socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic variables. This information was correlated with the risk factors involved in the transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV. Blood samples were collected and the sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV using enzyme immunoassay.
A total of 9,170 participants from the nine districts of Tripoli were enrolled. The average prevalence of HBsAg was 3.7%, anti-HCV 0.9%, anti-HIV 0.15% and co-infection 0.02%. The prevalence varied from one district to another. HBV was more prevalent among those aged over 50 years and was associated with family history. Anti-HCV and anti-HIV were more prevalent among those aged 20-40 years. Intravenous drug use and blood transfusion were the main risk factors for HCV and HIV infection.
HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection are relatively common in Libya. High prevalence was associated with geographic, ethnic and socioeconomic variability within the community. HCV and HIV infections among the younger age groups are becoming an alarming issue. Regulations and health care education need to be implemented and longer term follow-up should be planned.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Blood transfusion</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Coinfection - blood</subject><subject>Coinfection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Coinfection - immunology</subject><subject>Demographic variables</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Enzyme immunoassay</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Ethnic factors</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Health care</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - blood</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B - immunology</subject><subject>Hepatitis B surface antigen</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - blood</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis C - immunology</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - blood</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>HIV Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Intravenous administration</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Libya - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>Population studies</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Transfusion</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUl2LEzEUHURxd6v_QDQgiA9OzfdMXgQtagsFH1yLbyGT3llT02RMpgv995va7rIrPuVyc865X6eqXhA8Jawh7zdxl4Lx0yEGmGKs2kaxR9U5UYzWkmL2-F58Vl3kvMFYsFbKp9UZ5YpJKcR59fM7pDgkuDYeggUUezT_tHqH5rMVeoPmixWysXahBzu6GJAJa5Rc_o16Y8eYckkYv88uIxfQZXJD9K5eum5vnlVPeuMzPD-9k-rHl8-Xs3m9_PZ1Mfu4rK2gcqxlLyUQIdZU4B4rTg1TRAqilJAWW94Q0ZsOC8lMQ5rOKty0hQncQslLyibVq6Pu4GPWp6VkTVTLW9qysoJJtTgi1tFs9JDc1qS9jsbpv4mYrrRJo7MeNJXCMEqt4GA4h66FErKukx3tO2zaovXhVG3XbWFtIYzJ-AeiD3-C-6Wv4rXmWJYTHQTengRS_LODPOqtyxa8NwHirvQtWCPK2RQu0Nf_QP8_HT-ibIo5J-jvmiFYH4xyy9IHo-iTUQrt5f1B7ki3zmA3hSy6LA</recordid><startdate>20140617</startdate><enddate>20140617</enddate><creator>Daw, Mohamed A</creator><creator>Shabash, Amira</creator><creator>El-Bouzedi, Abdallah</creator><creator>Dau, Aghnya A</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20140617</creationdate><title>Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV & HIV co-infection and risk factors analysis in Tripoli-Libya</title><author>Daw, Mohamed A ; Shabash, Amira ; El-Bouzedi, Abdallah ; Dau, Aghnya A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-6f66e155d250f0942a3916519956c0c4715fab0563a717bc9078c52e4cefab623</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Blood transfusion</topic><topic>Clustering</topic><topic>Coinfection - blood</topic><topic>Coinfection - epidemiology</topic><topic>Coinfection - immunology</topic><topic>Demographic variables</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Enzyme immunoassay</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Ethnic factors</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Health care</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - blood</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B - immunology</topic><topic>Hepatitis B surface antigen</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - blood</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hepatitis C - immunology</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - blood</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>HIV Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoassay</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Intravenous administration</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Libya - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Outbreaks</topic><topic>Population studies</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Seroepidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>Transfusion</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Daw, Mohamed A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabash, Amira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>El-Bouzedi, Abdallah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dau, Aghnya A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Association with the Libyan Study Group of Hepatitis & HIV</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>in association with the Libyan Study Group of Hepatitis & HIV</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>TestCollectionTL3OpenAccess</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Daw, Mohamed A</au><au>Shabash, Amira</au><au>El-Bouzedi, Abdallah</au><au>Dau, Aghnya A</au><au>Blackard, Jason</au><aucorp>Association with the Libyan Study Group of Hepatitis & HIV</aucorp><aucorp>in association with the Libyan Study Group of Hepatitis & HIV</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV & HIV co-infection and risk factors analysis in Tripoli-Libya</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2014-06-17</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e98793</spage><epage>e98793</epage><pages>e98793-e98793</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In 1998 Libya experienced a major outbreak of multiple blood borne viral hepatitis and HIV infections. Since then, no studies have been done on the epidemic features and risk factors of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection among the general population.
A prospective study was carried out using a multi-centre clustering method to collect samples from the general population. The participants were interviewed, and relevant information was collected, including socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic variables. This information was correlated with the risk factors involved in the transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV. Blood samples were collected and the sera were tested for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV using enzyme immunoassay.
A total of 9,170 participants from the nine districts of Tripoli were enrolled. The average prevalence of HBsAg was 3.7%, anti-HCV 0.9%, anti-HIV 0.15% and co-infection 0.02%. The prevalence varied from one district to another. HBV was more prevalent among those aged over 50 years and was associated with family history. Anti-HCV and anti-HIV were more prevalent among those aged 20-40 years. Intravenous drug use and blood transfusion were the main risk factors for HCV and HIV infection.
HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infection are relatively common in Libya. High prevalence was associated with geographic, ethnic and socioeconomic variability within the community. HCV and HIV infections among the younger age groups are becoming an alarming issue. Regulations and health care education need to be implemented and longer term follow-up should be planned.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24936655</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0098793</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Public Library of Science (PLoS) Journals Open Access; MEDLINE; TestCollectionTL3OpenAccess; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome Adolescent Adult Aged AIDS Antibodies, Viral - blood Blood Blood transfusion Clustering Coinfection - blood Coinfection - epidemiology Coinfection - immunology Demographic variables Demographics Disease transmission Drug abuse Enzyme immunoassay Epidemics Ethnic factors Female Genetics Health care Health risks Hepatitis Hepatitis B - blood Hepatitis B - epidemiology Hepatitis B - immunology Hepatitis B surface antigen Hepatitis C - blood Hepatitis C - epidemiology Hepatitis C - immunology HIV HIV Infections - blood HIV Infections - epidemiology HIV Infections - immunology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Immunoassay Infections Intravenous administration Laboratories Libya - epidemiology Male Medicine and Health Sciences Middle Aged Outbreaks Population studies Prevalence Public health Risk analysis Risk Factors Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Transfusion Viruses Young Adult |
| title | Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV & HIV co-infection and risk factors analysis in Tripoli-Libya |
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