Biochar decelerates soil organic nitrogen cycling but stimulates soil nitrification in a temperate arable field trial
Biochar production and subsequent soil incorporation could provide carbon farming solutions to global climate change and escalating food demand. There is evidence that biochar amendment causes fundamental changes in soil nutrient cycles, often resulting in marked increases in crop production, partic...
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| creator | Prommer, Judith Wanek, Wolfgang Hofhansl, Florian Trojan, Daniela Offre, Pierre Urich, Tim Schleper, Christa Sassmann, Stefan Kitzler, Barbara Soja, Gerhard Hood-Nowotny, Rebecca Clare |
| description | Biochar production and subsequent soil incorporation could provide carbon farming solutions to global climate change and escalating food demand. There is evidence that biochar amendment causes fundamental changes in soil nutrient cycles, often resulting in marked increases in crop production, particularly in acidic and in infertile soils with low soil organic matter contents, although comparable outcomes in temperate soils are variable. We offer insight into the mechanisms underlying these findings by focusing attention on the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically on hitherto unmeasured processes of organic N cycling in arable soils. We here investigated the impacts of biochar addition on soil organic and inorganic N pools and on gross transformation rates of both pools in a biochar field trial on arable land (Chernozem) in Traismauer, Lower Austria. We found that biochar increased total soil organic carbon but decreased the extractable organic C pool and soil nitrate. While gross rates of organic N transformation processes were reduced by 50-80%, gross N mineralization of organic N was not affected. In contrast, biochar promoted soil ammonia-oxidizer populations (bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers) and accelerated gross nitrification rates more than two-fold. Our findings indicate a de-coupling of the soil organic and inorganic N cycles, with a build-up of organic N, and deceleration of inorganic N release from this pool. The results therefore suggest that addition of inorganic fertilizer-N in combination with biochar could compensate for the reduction in organic N mineralization, with plants and microbes drawing on fertilizer-N for growth, in turn fuelling the belowground build-up of organic N. We conclude that combined addition of biochar with fertilizer-N may increase soil organic N in turn enhancing soil carbon sequestration and thereby could play a fundamental role in future soil management strategies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0086388 |
| format | Article |
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There is evidence that biochar amendment causes fundamental changes in soil nutrient cycles, often resulting in marked increases in crop production, particularly in acidic and in infertile soils with low soil organic matter contents, although comparable outcomes in temperate soils are variable. We offer insight into the mechanisms underlying these findings by focusing attention on the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically on hitherto unmeasured processes of organic N cycling in arable soils. We here investigated the impacts of biochar addition on soil organic and inorganic N pools and on gross transformation rates of both pools in a biochar field trial on arable land (Chernozem) in Traismauer, Lower Austria. We found that biochar increased total soil organic carbon but decreased the extractable organic C pool and soil nitrate. While gross rates of organic N transformation processes were reduced by 50-80%, gross N mineralization of organic N was not affected. In contrast, biochar promoted soil ammonia-oxidizer populations (bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers) and accelerated gross nitrification rates more than two-fold. Our findings indicate a de-coupling of the soil organic and inorganic N cycles, with a build-up of organic N, and deceleration of inorganic N release from this pool. The results therefore suggest that addition of inorganic fertilizer-N in combination with biochar could compensate for the reduction in organic N mineralization, with plants and microbes drawing on fertilizer-N for growth, in turn fuelling the belowground build-up of organic N. We conclude that combined addition of biochar with fertilizer-N may increase soil organic N in turn enhancing soil carbon sequestration and thereby could play a fundamental role in future soil management strategies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086388</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24497947</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Accumulation ; Agricultural land ; Agricultural production ; Agriculture ; Agrochemicals ; Amino acids ; Ammonia ; Arable land ; Bacteria ; Biochemistry ; Biology ; Carbon ; Carbon farming ; Carbon sequestration ; Charcoal ; Charcoal - chemistry ; Chemistry ; Climate change ; Crop production ; Crops, Agricultural - growth & development ; Cycles ; Deceleration ; Ecology ; Ecosystem biology ; Ecosystems ; Emission standards ; Fagus - chemistry ; Farmers ; Fertilizers ; Global climate ; Global temperature changes ; Mineralization ; Nitrification ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen - chemistry ; Nitrogen Cycle ; Nutrient cycles ; Organic carbon ; Organic matter ; Organic nitrogen ; Organic soils ; Phosphate fertilizers ; Plants (botany) ; Pools ; Porosity ; Ribosomal DNA ; Science ; Soil - chemistry ; Soil carbon ; Soil fertility ; Soil investigations ; Soil management ; Soil management (Agronomy) ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil microorganisms ; Soil nutrients ; Soil organic matter ; Soil sciences ; Soils ; Transformation ; Wood - chemistry</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2014-01, Vol.9 (1), p.e86388</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2014 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2014 Prommer et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 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There is evidence that biochar amendment causes fundamental changes in soil nutrient cycles, often resulting in marked increases in crop production, particularly in acidic and in infertile soils with low soil organic matter contents, although comparable outcomes in temperate soils are variable. We offer insight into the mechanisms underlying these findings by focusing attention on the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically on hitherto unmeasured processes of organic N cycling in arable soils. We here investigated the impacts of biochar addition on soil organic and inorganic N pools and on gross transformation rates of both pools in a biochar field trial on arable land (Chernozem) in Traismauer, Lower Austria. We found that biochar increased total soil organic carbon but decreased the extractable organic C pool and soil nitrate. While gross rates of organic N transformation processes were reduced by 50-80%, gross N mineralization of organic N was not affected. In contrast, biochar promoted soil ammonia-oxidizer populations (bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers) and accelerated gross nitrification rates more than two-fold. Our findings indicate a de-coupling of the soil organic and inorganic N cycles, with a build-up of organic N, and deceleration of inorganic N release from this pool. The results therefore suggest that addition of inorganic fertilizer-N in combination with biochar could compensate for the reduction in organic N mineralization, with plants and microbes drawing on fertilizer-N for growth, in turn fuelling the belowground build-up of organic N. We conclude that combined addition of biochar with fertilizer-N may increase soil organic N in turn enhancing soil carbon sequestration and thereby could play a fundamental role in future soil management strategies.</description><subject>Accumulation</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Agrochemicals</subject><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Arable land</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon farming</subject><subject>Carbon sequestration</subject><subject>Charcoal</subject><subject>Charcoal - chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Crop production</subject><subject>Crops, Agricultural - growth & development</subject><subject>Cycles</subject><subject>Deceleration</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem biology</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Emission standards</subject><subject>Fagus - chemistry</subject><subject>Farmers</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Global climate</subject><subject>Global temperature changes</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>Nitrification</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen - chemistry</subject><subject>Nitrogen Cycle</subject><subject>Nutrient cycles</subject><subject>Organic carbon</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Organic nitrogen</subject><subject>Organic soils</subject><subject>Phosphate fertilizers</subject><subject>Plants (botany)</subject><subject>Pools</subject><subject>Porosity</subject><subject>Ribosomal DNA</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Soil - chemistry</subject><subject>Soil carbon</subject><subject>Soil fertility</subject><subject>Soil investigations</subject><subject>Soil management</subject><subject>Soil management (Agronomy)</subject><subject>Soil Microbiology</subject><subject>Soil microorganisms</subject><subject>Soil nutrients</subject><subject>Soil organic matter</subject><subject>Soil sciences</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Transformation</subject><subject>Wood - 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There is evidence that biochar amendment causes fundamental changes in soil nutrient cycles, often resulting in marked increases in crop production, particularly in acidic and in infertile soils with low soil organic matter contents, although comparable outcomes in temperate soils are variable. We offer insight into the mechanisms underlying these findings by focusing attention on the soil nitrogen (N) cycle, specifically on hitherto unmeasured processes of organic N cycling in arable soils. We here investigated the impacts of biochar addition on soil organic and inorganic N pools and on gross transformation rates of both pools in a biochar field trial on arable land (Chernozem) in Traismauer, Lower Austria. We found that biochar increased total soil organic carbon but decreased the extractable organic C pool and soil nitrate. While gross rates of organic N transformation processes were reduced by 50-80%, gross N mineralization of organic N was not affected. In contrast, biochar promoted soil ammonia-oxidizer populations (bacterial and archaeal nitrifiers) and accelerated gross nitrification rates more than two-fold. Our findings indicate a de-coupling of the soil organic and inorganic N cycles, with a build-up of organic N, and deceleration of inorganic N release from this pool. The results therefore suggest that addition of inorganic fertilizer-N in combination with biochar could compensate for the reduction in organic N mineralization, with plants and microbes drawing on fertilizer-N for growth, in turn fuelling the belowground build-up of organic N. We conclude that combined addition of biochar with fertilizer-N may increase soil organic N in turn enhancing soil carbon sequestration and thereby could play a fundamental role in future soil management strategies.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>24497947</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0086388</doi><tpages>e86388</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1977452172 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Accumulation Agricultural land Agricultural production Agriculture Agrochemicals Amino acids Ammonia Arable land Bacteria Biochemistry Biology Carbon Carbon farming Carbon sequestration Charcoal Charcoal - chemistry Chemistry Climate change Crop production Crops, Agricultural - growth & development Cycles Deceleration Ecology Ecosystem biology Ecosystems Emission standards Fagus - chemistry Farmers Fertilizers Global climate Global temperature changes Mineralization Nitrification Nitrogen Nitrogen - chemistry Nitrogen Cycle Nutrient cycles Organic carbon Organic matter Organic nitrogen Organic soils Phosphate fertilizers Plants (botany) Pools Porosity Ribosomal DNA Science Soil - chemistry Soil carbon Soil fertility Soil investigations Soil management Soil management (Agronomy) Soil Microbiology Soil microorganisms Soil nutrients Soil organic matter Soil sciences Soils Transformation Wood - chemistry |
| title | Biochar decelerates soil organic nitrogen cycling but stimulates soil nitrification in a temperate arable field trial |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T19%3A25%3A23IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biochar%20decelerates%20soil%20organic%20nitrogen%20cycling%20but%20stimulates%20soil%20nitrification%20in%20a%20temperate%20arable%20field%20trial&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Prommer,%20Judith&rft.date=2014-01-30&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=e86388&rft.pages=e86388-&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0086388&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA478832338%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1977452172&rft_id=info:pmid/24497947&rft_galeid=A478832338&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_630ea8b753ea49daad6663d8709d4c93&rfr_iscdi=true |