A large outbreak of Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection in an urban setting in Chad likely linked to household level transmission factors, 2016-2017
In September 2016, three acutely jaundiced (AJS) pregnant women were admitted to Am Timan Hospital, eastern Chad. We described the outbreak and conducted a case test-negative study to identify risk factors for this genotype of HEV in an acute outbreak setting. Active case finding using a community b...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2017-11, Vol.12 (11), p.e0188240-e0188240 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | e0188240 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 11 |
| container_start_page | e0188240 |
| container_title | PloS one |
| container_volume | 12 |
| creator | Spina, Alexander Lenglet, Annick Beversluis, David de Jong, Marja Vernier, Larissa Spencer, Craig Andayi, Fred Kamau, Charity Vollmer, Simone Hogema, Boris Irwin, Andrea Ngueremi Yary, Roger Mahamat Ali, Açyl Moussa, Ali Alfani, Prince Sang, Sibylle |
| description | In September 2016, three acutely jaundiced (AJS) pregnant women were admitted to Am Timan Hospital, eastern Chad. We described the outbreak and conducted a case test-negative study to identify risk factors for this genotype of HEV in an acute outbreak setting.
Active case finding using a community based surveillance network identified suspected AJS cases. Pregnant or visibly ill AJS cases presenting at hospital were tested with Assure® IgM HEV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and some with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Amsterdam; confirmed cases were RDT-positive and controls were RDT-negative. All answered questions around: demographics, household makeup, area of residence, handwashing practices, water collection behaviour and clinical presentation. We calculated unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Between September and April 2017, 1443 AJS cases (1293 confirmed) were detected in the town(attack rate: 2%; estimated 65,000 population). PCR testing confirmed HEV genotype 1e. HEV RDTs were used for 250 AJS cases; 100 (40%) were confirmed. Risk factors for HEV infection, included: having at least two children under the age of 5 years (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.3), having another household member with jaundice (OR 2.4, 95%CI 0.90-6.3) and, with borderline significance, living in the neighbourhoods of Riad (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.0-1.8) or Ridina (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.0-12.6). Cases were more likely to present with vomiting (OR 3.2, 9%CI 1.4-7.9) than controls; possibly due to selection bias. Cases were non-significantly less likely to report always washing hands before meals compared with controls (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.1-1.1).
Our study suggests household factors and area of residence (possibly linked to access to water and sanitation) play a role in HEV transmission; which could inform future outbreak responses. Ongoing sero-prevalence studies will elucidate more aspects of transmission dynamics of this virus with genotype 1e. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0188240 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_plos_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_plos_journals_1969215957</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A515924115</galeid><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_c51cb64febf54bd380a735779a101dcd</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>A515924115</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-3560353d9f95a574c4a9e061edc2ea1a7112ffa0bca7129ce06c5b98a5a3b8593</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNk99qFDEUxgdRbK2-gWhAEAV3TSaTmcmNsCzVFgoF_92GM5kzs7ObJtskU-yT-Lpm2m3pihfeJIecX77kfMnJspeMzhmv2Me1G70FM986i3PK6jov6KPskEmez8qc8scP4oPsWQhrSgWvy_JpdpBLVpU1Kw-z3wtiwPdI3Bgbj7AhriMnuIU4xCGQY3I1-DGQHq2L11skjAy2Qx0HZ1NEwJLRN2kMGONg-2ltuYKWmGGD5jpNdoMtiY6s3Bhw5UxK4RUaEj3YcDGEMCl1oKPz4QPJKStnaaieZ086MAFf7Oaj7Mfn4-_Lk9nZ-ZfT5eJspkvB44yLknLBW9lJAaIqdAESacmw1TkCg4qxvOuANjqFudQpp0UjaxDAm1pIfpS9vtXdGhfUztOgmCxlzoQUVSJOb4nWwVpt_XAB_lo5GNTNgvO9Ah8HbVBpwXRTFh02nSialtcUKi6qSgKjrNVt0vq0O21sLtId0SYbzJ7ofsYOK9W7KyWqVGaRJ4F3OwHvLkcMUSULNRoDFpPBN_eWeXrnCX3zF_rv6nZUD6mA9LYunasnUbUQCckLxkSi3u9R2tmIv2IPYwjq9NvX_2fPf-6zbx-wKwQTV8GZcfpeYR8sbkHtXQgeu3vPGFVTO9wVp6Z2ULt2SNtePfT7ftPd_-d_AN62Bas</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1969215957</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A large outbreak of Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection in an urban setting in Chad likely linked to household level transmission factors, 2016-2017</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><source>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</source><creator>Spina, Alexander ; Lenglet, Annick ; Beversluis, David ; de Jong, Marja ; Vernier, Larissa ; Spencer, Craig ; Andayi, Fred ; Kamau, Charity ; Vollmer, Simone ; Hogema, Boris ; Irwin, Andrea ; Ngueremi Yary, Roger ; Mahamat Ali, Açyl ; Moussa, Ali ; Alfani, Prince ; Sang, Sibylle</creator><creatorcontrib>Spina, Alexander ; Lenglet, Annick ; Beversluis, David ; de Jong, Marja ; Vernier, Larissa ; Spencer, Craig ; Andayi, Fred ; Kamau, Charity ; Vollmer, Simone ; Hogema, Boris ; Irwin, Andrea ; Ngueremi Yary, Roger ; Mahamat Ali, Açyl ; Moussa, Ali ; Alfani, Prince ; Sang, Sibylle</creatorcontrib><description>In September 2016, three acutely jaundiced (AJS) pregnant women were admitted to Am Timan Hospital, eastern Chad. We described the outbreak and conducted a case test-negative study to identify risk factors for this genotype of HEV in an acute outbreak setting.
Active case finding using a community based surveillance network identified suspected AJS cases. Pregnant or visibly ill AJS cases presenting at hospital were tested with Assure® IgM HEV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and some with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Amsterdam; confirmed cases were RDT-positive and controls were RDT-negative. All answered questions around: demographics, household makeup, area of residence, handwashing practices, water collection behaviour and clinical presentation. We calculated unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Between September and April 2017, 1443 AJS cases (1293 confirmed) were detected in the town(attack rate: 2%; estimated 65,000 population). PCR testing confirmed HEV genotype 1e. HEV RDTs were used for 250 AJS cases; 100 (40%) were confirmed. Risk factors for HEV infection, included: having at least two children under the age of 5 years (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.3), having another household member with jaundice (OR 2.4, 95%CI 0.90-6.3) and, with borderline significance, living in the neighbourhoods of Riad (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.0-1.8) or Ridina (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.0-12.6). Cases were more likely to present with vomiting (OR 3.2, 9%CI 1.4-7.9) than controls; possibly due to selection bias. Cases were non-significantly less likely to report always washing hands before meals compared with controls (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.1-1.1).
Our study suggests household factors and area of residence (possibly linked to access to water and sanitation) play a role in HEV transmission; which could inform future outbreak responses. Ongoing sero-prevalence studies will elucidate more aspects of transmission dynamics of this virus with genotype 1e.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188240</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29176816</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Biology and life sciences ; Chad - epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Cities - statistics & numerical data ; Confidence intervals ; Demographics ; Demography ; Diagnostic systems ; Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data ; Disease transmission ; Displaced persons ; Distribution ; Epidemiology ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Garbage collection ; Genetic aspects ; Genotype & phenotype ; Geography ; Health aspects ; Health risks ; Hepatitis ; Hepatitis E ; Hepatitis E - epidemiology ; Hepatitis E - transmission ; Hepatitis E virus - genetics ; Households ; Humans ; Identification methods ; Immunoglobulin M ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infections ; Information sharing ; Jaundice ; Jaundice - epidemiology ; Male ; Meals ; Medicine and health sciences ; Outbreaks ; People and Places ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Risk analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sanitation ; Surveillance ; Urban areas ; Viruses ; Vomiting ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-11, Vol.12 (11), p.e0188240-e0188240</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Spina et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Spina et al 2017 Spina et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-3560353d9f95a574c4a9e061edc2ea1a7112ffa0bca7129ce06c5b98a5a3b8593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-3560353d9f95a574c4a9e061edc2ea1a7112ffa0bca7129ce06c5b98a5a3b8593</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2013-8405</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5703542/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5703542/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29176816$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Spina, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenglet, Annick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beversluis, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Jong, Marja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vernier, Larissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spencer, Craig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andayi, Fred</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamau, Charity</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vollmer, Simone</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hogema, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Irwin, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ngueremi Yary, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahamat Ali, Açyl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moussa, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfani, Prince</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sang, Sibylle</creatorcontrib><title>A large outbreak of Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection in an urban setting in Chad likely linked to household level transmission factors, 2016-2017</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>In September 2016, three acutely jaundiced (AJS) pregnant women were admitted to Am Timan Hospital, eastern Chad. We described the outbreak and conducted a case test-negative study to identify risk factors for this genotype of HEV in an acute outbreak setting.
Active case finding using a community based surveillance network identified suspected AJS cases. Pregnant or visibly ill AJS cases presenting at hospital were tested with Assure® IgM HEV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and some with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Amsterdam; confirmed cases were RDT-positive and controls were RDT-negative. All answered questions around: demographics, household makeup, area of residence, handwashing practices, water collection behaviour and clinical presentation. We calculated unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Between September and April 2017, 1443 AJS cases (1293 confirmed) were detected in the town(attack rate: 2%; estimated 65,000 population). PCR testing confirmed HEV genotype 1e. HEV RDTs were used for 250 AJS cases; 100 (40%) were confirmed. Risk factors for HEV infection, included: having at least two children under the age of 5 years (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.3), having another household member with jaundice (OR 2.4, 95%CI 0.90-6.3) and, with borderline significance, living in the neighbourhoods of Riad (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.0-1.8) or Ridina (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.0-12.6). Cases were more likely to present with vomiting (OR 3.2, 9%CI 1.4-7.9) than controls; possibly due to selection bias. Cases were non-significantly less likely to report always washing hands before meals compared with controls (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.1-1.1).
Our study suggests household factors and area of residence (possibly linked to access to water and sanitation) play a role in HEV transmission; which could inform future outbreak responses. Ongoing sero-prevalence studies will elucidate more aspects of transmission dynamics of this virus with genotype 1e.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biology and life sciences</subject><subject>Chad - epidemiology</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cities - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Displaced persons</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Family Characteristics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Garbage collection</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Geography</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Hepatitis E</subject><subject>Hepatitis E - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hepatitis E - transmission</subject><subject>Hepatitis E virus - genetics</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Identification methods</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Information sharing</subject><subject>Jaundice</subject><subject>Jaundice - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Meals</subject><subject>Medicine and health sciences</subject><subject>Outbreaks</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sanitation</subject><subject>Surveillance</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Vomiting</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNk99qFDEUxgdRbK2-gWhAEAV3TSaTmcmNsCzVFgoF_92GM5kzs7ObJtskU-yT-Lpm2m3pihfeJIecX77kfMnJspeMzhmv2Me1G70FM986i3PK6jov6KPskEmez8qc8scP4oPsWQhrSgWvy_JpdpBLVpU1Kw-z3wtiwPdI3Bgbj7AhriMnuIU4xCGQY3I1-DGQHq2L11skjAy2Qx0HZ1NEwJLRN2kMGONg-2ltuYKWmGGD5jpNdoMtiY6s3Bhw5UxK4RUaEj3YcDGEMCl1oKPz4QPJKStnaaieZ086MAFf7Oaj7Mfn4-_Lk9nZ-ZfT5eJspkvB44yLknLBW9lJAaIqdAESacmw1TkCg4qxvOuANjqFudQpp0UjaxDAm1pIfpS9vtXdGhfUztOgmCxlzoQUVSJOb4nWwVpt_XAB_lo5GNTNgvO9Ah8HbVBpwXRTFh02nSialtcUKi6qSgKjrNVt0vq0O21sLtId0SYbzJ7ofsYOK9W7KyWqVGaRJ4F3OwHvLkcMUSULNRoDFpPBN_eWeXrnCX3zF_rv6nZUD6mA9LYunasnUbUQCckLxkSi3u9R2tmIv2IPYwjq9NvX_2fPf-6zbx-wKwQTV8GZcfpeYR8sbkHtXQgeu3vPGFVTO9wVp6Z2ULt2SNtePfT7ftPd_-d_AN62Bas</recordid><startdate>20171127</startdate><enddate>20171127</enddate><creator>Spina, Alexander</creator><creator>Lenglet, Annick</creator><creator>Beversluis, David</creator><creator>de Jong, Marja</creator><creator>Vernier, Larissa</creator><creator>Spencer, Craig</creator><creator>Andayi, Fred</creator><creator>Kamau, Charity</creator><creator>Vollmer, Simone</creator><creator>Hogema, Boris</creator><creator>Irwin, Andrea</creator><creator>Ngueremi Yary, Roger</creator><creator>Mahamat Ali, Açyl</creator><creator>Moussa, Ali</creator><creator>Alfani, Prince</creator><creator>Sang, Sibylle</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-8405</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20171127</creationdate><title>A large outbreak of Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection in an urban setting in Chad likely linked to household level transmission factors, 2016-2017</title><author>Spina, Alexander ; Lenglet, Annick ; Beversluis, David ; de Jong, Marja ; Vernier, Larissa ; Spencer, Craig ; Andayi, Fred ; Kamau, Charity ; Vollmer, Simone ; Hogema, Boris ; Irwin, Andrea ; Ngueremi Yary, Roger ; Mahamat Ali, Açyl ; Moussa, Ali ; Alfani, Prince ; Sang, Sibylle</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c653t-3560353d9f95a574c4a9e061edc2ea1a7112ffa0bca7129ce06c5b98a5a3b8593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biology and life sciences</topic><topic>Chad - epidemiology</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cities - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Displaced persons</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Family Characteristics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Garbage collection</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genotype & phenotype</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Hepatitis E</topic><topic>Hepatitis E - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hepatitis E - transmission</topic><topic>Hepatitis E virus - genetics</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Identification methods</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Information sharing</topic><topic>Jaundice</topic><topic>Jaundice - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Meals</topic><topic>Medicine and health sciences</topic><topic>Outbreaks</topic><topic>People and Places</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sanitation</topic><topic>Surveillance</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Vomiting</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Spina, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenglet, Annick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beversluis, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Jong, Marja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vernier, Larissa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spencer, Craig</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andayi, Fred</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamau, Charity</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vollmer, Simone</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hogema, Boris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Irwin, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ngueremi Yary, Roger</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mahamat Ali, Açyl</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moussa, Ali</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfani, Prince</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sang, Sibylle</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Spina, Alexander</au><au>Lenglet, Annick</au><au>Beversluis, David</au><au>de Jong, Marja</au><au>Vernier, Larissa</au><au>Spencer, Craig</au><au>Andayi, Fred</au><au>Kamau, Charity</au><au>Vollmer, Simone</au><au>Hogema, Boris</au><au>Irwin, Andrea</au><au>Ngueremi Yary, Roger</au><au>Mahamat Ali, Açyl</au><au>Moussa, Ali</au><au>Alfani, Prince</au><au>Sang, Sibylle</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A large outbreak of Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection in an urban setting in Chad likely linked to household level transmission factors, 2016-2017</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-11-27</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0188240</spage><epage>e0188240</epage><pages>e0188240-e0188240</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>In September 2016, three acutely jaundiced (AJS) pregnant women were admitted to Am Timan Hospital, eastern Chad. We described the outbreak and conducted a case test-negative study to identify risk factors for this genotype of HEV in an acute outbreak setting.
Active case finding using a community based surveillance network identified suspected AJS cases. Pregnant or visibly ill AJS cases presenting at hospital were tested with Assure® IgM HEV rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and some with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Amsterdam; confirmed cases were RDT-positive and controls were RDT-negative. All answered questions around: demographics, household makeup, area of residence, handwashing practices, water collection behaviour and clinical presentation. We calculated unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Between September and April 2017, 1443 AJS cases (1293 confirmed) were detected in the town(attack rate: 2%; estimated 65,000 population). PCR testing confirmed HEV genotype 1e. HEV RDTs were used for 250 AJS cases; 100 (40%) were confirmed. Risk factors for HEV infection, included: having at least two children under the age of 5 years (OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.3), having another household member with jaundice (OR 2.4, 95%CI 0.90-6.3) and, with borderline significance, living in the neighbourhoods of Riad (OR 3.8, 95%CI 1.0-1.8) or Ridina (OR 3.3, 95%CI 1.0-12.6). Cases were more likely to present with vomiting (OR 3.2, 9%CI 1.4-7.9) than controls; possibly due to selection bias. Cases were non-significantly less likely to report always washing hands before meals compared with controls (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.1-1.1).
Our study suggests household factors and area of residence (possibly linked to access to water and sanitation) play a role in HEV transmission; which could inform future outbreak responses. Ongoing sero-prevalence studies will elucidate more aspects of transmission dynamics of this virus with genotype 1e.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29176816</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0188240</doi><tpages>e0188240</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2013-8405</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2017-11, Vol.12 (11), p.e0188240-e0188240 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1969215957 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Biology and life sciences Chad - epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Children Cities - statistics & numerical data Confidence intervals Demographics Demography Diagnostic systems Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data Disease transmission Displaced persons Distribution Epidemiology Family Characteristics Female Garbage collection Genetic aspects Genotype & phenotype Geography Health aspects Health risks Hepatitis Hepatitis E Hepatitis E - epidemiology Hepatitis E - transmission Hepatitis E virus - genetics Households Humans Identification methods Immunoglobulin M Infant Infant, Newborn Infections Information sharing Jaundice Jaundice - epidemiology Male Meals Medicine and health sciences Outbreaks People and Places Polymerase chain reaction Pregnancy Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Research and Analysis Methods Risk analysis Risk Factors Sanitation Surveillance Urban areas Viruses Vomiting Young Adult |
| title | A large outbreak of Hepatitis E virus genotype 1 infection in an urban setting in Chad likely linked to household level transmission factors, 2016-2017 |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-16T07%3A51%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20large%20outbreak%20of%20Hepatitis%20E%20virus%20genotype%201%20infection%20in%20an%20urban%20setting%20in%20Chad%20likely%20linked%20to%20household%20level%20transmission%20factors,%202016-2017&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Spina,%20Alexander&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=e0188240&rft.epage=e0188240&rft.pages=e0188240-e0188240&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0188240&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA515924115%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1969215957&rft_id=info:pmid/29176816&rft_galeid=A515924115&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_c51cb64febf54bd380a735779a101dcd&rfr_iscdi=true |