Great apes are sensitive to prior reliability of an informant in a gaze following task
Social animals frequently rely on information from other individuals. This can be costly in case the other individual is mistaken or even deceptive. Human infants below 4 years of age show proficiency in their reliance on differently reliable informants. They can infer the reliability of an informan...
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| creator | Schmid, Benjamin Karg, Katja Perner, Josef Tomasello, Michael |
| description | Social animals frequently rely on information from other individuals. This can be costly in case the other individual is mistaken or even deceptive. Human infants below 4 years of age show proficiency in their reliance on differently reliable informants. They can infer the reliability of an informant from few interactions and use that assessment in later interactions with the same informant in a different context. To explore whether great apes share that ability, in our study we confronted great apes with a reliable or unreliable informant in an object choice task, to see whether that would in a subsequent task affect their gaze following behaviour in response to the same informant. In our study, prior reliability of the informant and habituation during the gaze following task affected both great apes' automatic gaze following response and their more deliberate response of gaze following behind barriers. As habituation is very context specific, it is unlikely that habituation in the reliability task affected the gaze following task. Rather it seems that apes employ a reliability tracking strategy that results in a general avoidance of additional information from an unreliable informant. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0187451 |
| format | Article |
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This can be costly in case the other individual is mistaken or even deceptive. Human infants below 4 years of age show proficiency in their reliance on differently reliable informants. They can infer the reliability of an informant from few interactions and use that assessment in later interactions with the same informant in a different context. To explore whether great apes share that ability, in our study we confronted great apes with a reliable or unreliable informant in an object choice task, to see whether that would in a subsequent task affect their gaze following behaviour in response to the same informant. In our study, prior reliability of the informant and habituation during the gaze following task affected both great apes' automatic gaze following response and their more deliberate response of gaze following behind barriers. As habituation is very context specific, it is unlikely that habituation in the reliability task affected the gaze following task. Rather it seems that apes employ a reliability tracking strategy that results in a general avoidance of additional information from an unreliable informant.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187451</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29166660</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Apes ; Behavior ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Chlorocebus ; False information ; Fixation, Ocular - physiology ; Food ; Gaze ; Generalized linear models ; Habituation ; Habituation (learning) ; Hominidae - physiology ; Infants ; Information sources ; Monkeys & apes ; People and Places ; Physiological aspects ; Reliability analysis ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Social aspects ; Social Sciences ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Testimony ; Trust</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-11, Vol.12 (11), p.e0187451-e0187451</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Schmid et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Schmid et al 2017 Schmid et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3501a0cc097d5aeeeab0607ca0e89b8f2e900048b97e809b51ab95bebdfae5b13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3501a0cc097d5aeeeab0607ca0e89b8f2e900048b97e809b51ab95bebdfae5b13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-3105-7793</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5699835/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5699835/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53770,53772,79347,79348</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166660$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Kaminski, Juliane</contributor><creatorcontrib>Schmid, Benjamin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Karg, Katja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Perner, Josef</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tomasello, Michael</creatorcontrib><title>Great apes are sensitive to prior reliability of an informant in a gaze following task</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Social animals frequently rely on information from other individuals. This can be costly in case the other individual is mistaken or even deceptive. Human infants below 4 years of age show proficiency in their reliance on differently reliable informants. They can infer the reliability of an informant from few interactions and use that assessment in later interactions with the same informant in a different context. To explore whether great apes share that ability, in our study we confronted great apes with a reliable or unreliable informant in an object choice task, to see whether that would in a subsequent task affect their gaze following behaviour in response to the same informant. In our study, prior reliability of the informant and habituation during the gaze following task affected both great apes' automatic gaze following response and their more deliberate response of gaze following behind barriers. As habituation is very context specific, it is unlikely that habituation in the reliability task affected the gaze following task. Rather it seems that apes employ a reliability tracking strategy that results in a general avoidance of additional information from an unreliable informant.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apes</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Chlorocebus</subject><subject>False information</subject><subject>Fixation, Ocular - physiology</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Gaze</subject><subject>Generalized linear models</subject><subject>Habituation</subject><subject>Habituation (learning)</subject><subject>Hominidae - physiology</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Information sources</subject><subject>Monkeys & apes</subject><subject>People and Places</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Reliability analysis</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Task Performance and Analysis</subject><subject>Testimony</subject><subject>Trust</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhiMEoqXwDxBYQkJw2MVONol9QaoqKCtVqsRHr9bYmWS9eOPFdgrl1-Nl02qDesA-2LKfecczfrPsOaNzVtTs3doNvgc737oe55TxelGyB9kxE0U-q3JaPDzYH2VPQlhTWha8qh5nR7lgVRr0OLs69wiRwBYDAY8kYB9MNNdIoiNbb5wnHq0BZayJN8S1BHpi-tb5DfQx7QiQDn4jaZ217qfpOxIhfH-aPWrBBnw2rifZt48fvp59ml1cni_PTi9muhJ5nBUlZUC1pqJuSkBEULSitQaKXCje5igopQuuRI2cClUyUKJUqJoWsFSsOMle7nW31gU5tiRIJqq6qBec1olY7onGwVqmijbgb6QDI_8eON9J8NFoixJVkXLzlJbzBVvo1KT0jCZXHJXWWiSt92O2QW2w0dhHD3YiOr3pzUp27lqWlRC8KJPAm1HAux8Dhig3Jmi0Fnp0w_7dvEol5wl99Q96f3Uj1UEqYPcvKa_eicrTkpVFwbjYUfN7qDQb3Bid_NOadD4JeDsJSEzEX7GDIQS5_PL5_9nLqyn7-oBdIdi4Cs4O0bg-TMHFHtTeheCxvWsyo3Jn_9tuyJ395Wj_FPbi8IPugm79XvwBNyUARw</recordid><startdate>20171122</startdate><enddate>20171122</enddate><creator>Schmid, Benjamin</creator><creator>Karg, Katja</creator><creator>Perner, Josef</creator><creator>Tomasello, Michael</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3105-7793</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20171122</creationdate><title>Great apes are sensitive to prior reliability of an informant in a gaze following task</title><author>Schmid, Benjamin ; Karg, Katja ; Perner, Josef ; Tomasello, Michael</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-3501a0cc097d5aeeeab0607ca0e89b8f2e900048b97e809b51ab95bebdfae5b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Animal behavior</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apes</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Chlorocebus</topic><topic>False information</topic><topic>Fixation, Ocular - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schmid, Benjamin</au><au>Karg, Katja</au><au>Perner, Josef</au><au>Tomasello, Michael</au><au>Kaminski, Juliane</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Great apes are sensitive to prior reliability of an informant in a gaze following task</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-11-22</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>e0187451</spage><epage>e0187451</epage><pages>e0187451-e0187451</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Social animals frequently rely on information from other individuals. This can be costly in case the other individual is mistaken or even deceptive. Human infants below 4 years of age show proficiency in their reliance on differently reliable informants. They can infer the reliability of an informant from few interactions and use that assessment in later interactions with the same informant in a different context. To explore whether great apes share that ability, in our study we confronted great apes with a reliable or unreliable informant in an object choice task, to see whether that would in a subsequent task affect their gaze following behaviour in response to the same informant. In our study, prior reliability of the informant and habituation during the gaze following task affected both great apes' automatic gaze following response and their more deliberate response of gaze following behind barriers. As habituation is very context specific, it is unlikely that habituation in the reliability task affected the gaze following task. 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| subjects | Age Animal behavior Animals Apes Behavior Biology and Life Sciences Chlorocebus False information Fixation, Ocular - physiology Food Gaze Generalized linear models Habituation Habituation (learning) Hominidae - physiology Infants Information sources Monkeys & apes People and Places Physiological aspects Reliability analysis Research and Analysis Methods Social aspects Social Sciences Task Performance and Analysis Testimony Trust |
| title | Great apes are sensitive to prior reliability of an informant in a gaze following task |
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