Identification and characterization of LysM effectors in Penicillium expansum
P. expansum is regarded as one of the most important postharvest rots of apple fruit and is also of great concern to fruit processing industries. Elucidating the pathogenicity mechanism of this pathogen is of utmost importance for the development of effective and safe management strategies. Although...
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| creator | Levin, Elena Ballester, Ana Rosa Raphael, Ginat Feigenberg, Oleg Liu, Yongsheng Norelli, John Gonzalez-Candelas, Luis Ma, Jing Dardick, Christopher Wisniewski, Michael Droby, Samir |
| description | P. expansum is regarded as one of the most important postharvest rots of apple fruit and is also of great concern to fruit processing industries. Elucidating the pathogenicity mechanism of this pathogen is of utmost importance for the development of effective and safe management strategies. Although, many studies on modification of the host environment by the pathogen were done, its interactions with fruit during the early stages of infection and the virulence factors that mediate pathogenicity have not been fully defined. Effectors carrying LysM domain have been identified in numerous pathogenic fungi and their role in the first stages of infection has been established. In this study, we identified 18 LysM genes in the P. expansum genome. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that P. expansum LysM proteins belong to a clade of fungal-specific LysM. Eleven of the discovered LysM genes were found to have secretory pathway signal peptide, among them, 4 (PeLysM1 PeLysM2, PeLysM3 and PeLysM4) were found to be highly expressed during the infection and development of decay of apple fruit. Effect of targeted deletion of the four putative PeLysM effectors on the growth and pathogenicity was studied. Possible interactions of PeLysM with host proteins was investigated using the yeast-two-hybrid system. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0186023 |
| format | Article |
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Elucidating the pathogenicity mechanism of this pathogen is of utmost importance for the development of effective and safe management strategies. Although, many studies on modification of the host environment by the pathogen were done, its interactions with fruit during the early stages of infection and the virulence factors that mediate pathogenicity have not been fully defined. Effectors carrying LysM domain have been identified in numerous pathogenic fungi and their role in the first stages of infection has been established. In this study, we identified 18 LysM genes in the P. expansum genome. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that P. expansum LysM proteins belong to a clade of fungal-specific LysM. Eleven of the discovered LysM genes were found to have secretory pathway signal peptide, among them, 4 (PeLysM1 PeLysM2, PeLysM3 and PeLysM4) were found to be highly expressed during the infection and development of decay of apple fruit. Effect of targeted deletion of the four putative PeLysM effectors on the growth and pathogenicity was studied. Possible interactions of PeLysM with host proteins was investigated using the yeast-two-hybrid system.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186023</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29084256</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Amino Acid Sequence ; Apples ; Biology ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Cladosporium ; Clonal deletion ; Diseases and pests ; Effectors ; Environmental management ; Enzymes ; Flowers & plants ; Fruits ; Fungi ; Gene deletion ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genes ; Genes, Fungal ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic engineering ; Genomes ; Hybrid systems ; Infections ; Malus - microbiology ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Nucleotide sequence ; Pathogenicity ; Pathogens ; Penicillium ; Penicillium - genetics ; Penicillium - growth & development ; Penicillium - pathogenicity ; Physiological aspects ; Plant diseases ; Plant resistance ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Spores, Fungal ; Virulence ; Virulence (Microbiology) ; Virulence factors ; Yeast</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-10, Vol.12 (10), p.e0186023-e0186023</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-506b039470f1671e140c2e6bd564ae878690ce4fc63406071e5faf44eb6a4e7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-506b039470f1671e140c2e6bd564ae878690ce4fc63406071e5faf44eb6a4e7a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6398-9651</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662087/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662087/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2095,2914,23846,27903,27904,53769,53771,79346,79347</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29084256$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Sarrocco, Sabrina</contributor><creatorcontrib>Levin, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ballester, Ana Rosa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raphael, Ginat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Feigenberg, Oleg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yongsheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norelli, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gonzalez-Candelas, Luis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dardick, Christopher</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wisniewski, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Droby, Samir</creatorcontrib><title>Identification and characterization of LysM effectors in Penicillium expansum</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>P. expansum is regarded as one of the most important postharvest rots of apple fruit and is also of great concern to fruit processing industries. Elucidating the pathogenicity mechanism of this pathogen is of utmost importance for the development of effective and safe management strategies. Although, many studies on modification of the host environment by the pathogen were done, its interactions with fruit during the early stages of infection and the virulence factors that mediate pathogenicity have not been fully defined. Effectors carrying LysM domain have been identified in numerous pathogenic fungi and their role in the first stages of infection has been established. In this study, we identified 18 LysM genes in the P. expansum genome. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that P. expansum LysM proteins belong to a clade of fungal-specific LysM. Eleven of the discovered LysM genes were found to have secretory pathway signal peptide, among them, 4 (PeLysM1 PeLysM2, PeLysM3 and PeLysM4) were found to be highly expressed during the infection and development of decay of apple fruit. Effect of targeted deletion of the four putative PeLysM effectors on the growth and pathogenicity was studied. Possible interactions of PeLysM with host proteins was investigated using the yeast-two-hybrid system.</description><subject>Amino Acid Sequence</subject><subject>Apples</subject><subject>Biology</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cladosporium</subject><subject>Clonal deletion</subject><subject>Diseases and pests</subject><subject>Effectors</subject><subject>Environmental management</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>Gene deletion</subject><subject>Gene Knockdown Techniques</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genes, Fungal</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Genetic engineering</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Hybrid systems</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Malus - microbiology</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Nucleotide sequence</subject><subject>Pathogenicity</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Penicillium</subject><subject>Penicillium - genetics</subject><subject>Penicillium - growth & development</subject><subject>Penicillium - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Physiological aspects</subject><subject>Plant diseases</subject><subject>Plant resistance</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</subject><subject>Spores, Fungal</subject><subject>Virulence</subject><subject>Virulence (Microbiology)</subject><subject>Virulence 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and characterization of LysM effectors in Penicillium expansum</title><author>Levin, Elena ; Ballester, Ana Rosa ; Raphael, Ginat ; Feigenberg, Oleg ; Liu, Yongsheng ; Norelli, John ; Gonzalez-Candelas, Luis ; Ma, Jing ; Dardick, Christopher ; Wisniewski, Michael ; Droby, Samir</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-506b039470f1671e140c2e6bd564ae878690ce4fc63406071e5faf44eb6a4e7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Amino Acid Sequence</topic><topic>Apples</topic><topic>Biology</topic><topic>Biology and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Cladosporium</topic><topic>Clonal deletion</topic><topic>Diseases and pests</topic><topic>Effectors</topic><topic>Environmental management</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>Gene deletion</topic><topic>Gene Knockdown Techniques</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genes, Fungal</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Genetic engineering</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Hybrid systems</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Malus - microbiology</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Nucleotide sequence</topic><topic>Pathogenicity</topic><topic>Pathogens</topic><topic>Penicillium</topic><topic>Penicillium - genetics</topic><topic>Penicillium - growth & development</topic><topic>Penicillium - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Physiological aspects</topic><topic>Plant diseases</topic><topic>Plant resistance</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Sequence Homology, Amino Acid</topic><topic>Spores, Fungal</topic><topic>Virulence</topic><topic>Virulence (Microbiology)</topic><topic>Virulence 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Elucidating the pathogenicity mechanism of this pathogen is of utmost importance for the development of effective and safe management strategies. Although, many studies on modification of the host environment by the pathogen were done, its interactions with fruit during the early stages of infection and the virulence factors that mediate pathogenicity have not been fully defined. Effectors carrying LysM domain have been identified in numerous pathogenic fungi and their role in the first stages of infection has been established. In this study, we identified 18 LysM genes in the P. expansum genome. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that P. expansum LysM proteins belong to a clade of fungal-specific LysM. Eleven of the discovered LysM genes were found to have secretory pathway signal peptide, among them, 4 (PeLysM1 PeLysM2, PeLysM3 and PeLysM4) were found to be highly expressed during the infection and development of decay of apple fruit. Effect of targeted deletion of the four putative PeLysM effectors on the growth and pathogenicity was studied. Possible interactions of PeLysM with host proteins was investigated using the yeast-two-hybrid system.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>29084256</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0186023</doi><tpages>e0186023</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6398-9651</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2017-10, Vol.12 (10), p.e0186023-e0186023 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Public Library of Science (PLoS); PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amino Acid Sequence Apples Biology Biology and Life Sciences Cladosporium Clonal deletion Diseases and pests Effectors Environmental management Enzymes Flowers & plants Fruits Fungi Gene deletion Gene Knockdown Techniques Genes Genes, Fungal Genetic aspects Genetic engineering Genomes Hybrid systems Infections Malus - microbiology Medicine and Health Sciences Nucleotide sequence Pathogenicity Pathogens Penicillium Penicillium - genetics Penicillium - growth & development Penicillium - pathogenicity Physiological aspects Plant diseases Plant resistance Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Spores, Fungal Virulence Virulence (Microbiology) Virulence factors Yeast |
| title | Identification and characterization of LysM effectors in Penicillium expansum |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-23T17%3A32%3A32IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Identification%20and%20characterization%20of%20LysM%20effectors%20in%20Penicillium%20expansum&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Levin,%20Elena&rft.date=2017-10-30&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=e0186023&rft.epage=e0186023&rft.pages=e0186023-e0186023&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0186023&rft_dat=%3Cgale_plos_%3EA512307181%3C/gale_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1957752443&rft_id=info:pmid/29084256&rft_galeid=A512307181&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_9c481f6ae4f4424eb016bc5cf04aef15&rfr_iscdi=true |