Re-evaluation of the interrelationships among the behavioral tests in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress
The chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression has been widely used as an experimental tool to investigate human psychopathology. Our objective was to provide an update on the validity and reliability of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model, by analyzing the interrelationships amon...
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| creator | Hu, Congli Luo, Ying Wang, Hong Kuang, Shengnan Liang, Guojuan Yang, Yang Mai, Shaoshan Yang, Junqing |
| description | The chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression has been widely used as an experimental tool to investigate human psychopathology. Our objective was to provide an update on the validity and reliability of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model, by analyzing the interrelationships among the indexes using stepwise discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the possible combinations. We evaluated the depressive rats in both the presence and the absence of chronic unpredictable mild stress, using weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state, splash test, open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, forced swimming test, and Morris water maze test. The results showed that 6-week-long chronic unpredictable mild stress produces significant depression and anxiety-like behavior. The combination of body weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state score, open-field score, grooming latency of splash test, immobility time in force swimming test, and platform crossing in the Morris water maze test can effectively discriminate between normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Strong interrelationships were noted among these indexes in both open-field test and elevated plus-maze test. In conclusion, there might be certain criteria for the combination of behavioral endpoints, which is advantageous to more effectively and reliably assess the chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression model. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0185129 |
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Our objective was to provide an update on the validity and reliability of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model, by analyzing the interrelationships among the indexes using stepwise discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the possible combinations. We evaluated the depressive rats in both the presence and the absence of chronic unpredictable mild stress, using weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state, splash test, open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, forced swimming test, and Morris water maze test. The results showed that 6-week-long chronic unpredictable mild stress produces significant depression and anxiety-like behavior. The combination of body weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state score, open-field score, grooming latency of splash test, immobility time in force swimming test, and platform crossing in the Morris water maze test can effectively discriminate between normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Strong interrelationships were noted among these indexes in both open-field test and elevated plus-maze test. In conclusion, there might be certain criteria for the combination of behavioral endpoints, which is advantageous to more effectively and reliably assess the chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression model.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185129</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28931086</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Animal cognition ; Animals ; Antidepressants ; Anxiety ; Behavior ; Behavior modification ; Behavior Rating Scale ; Behavior, Animal ; Biochemistry ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Body Weight ; Correlation analysis ; Correlation coefficient ; Correlation coefficients ; Depression (Mood disorder) ; Depression - etiology ; Discriminant Analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Grooming ; Laboratory animals ; Latency ; Male ; Maze Learning ; Medical research ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Memory ; Mental depression ; Multivariate analysis ; Open-field behavior ; Pharmacology ; Physical Sciences ; Psychological aspects ; Psychopathology ; Psychopharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reliability analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Rodents ; Social Sciences ; Stress, Psychological ; Stresses ; Studies ; Sucrose ; Sugar ; Swimming ; Swimming - psychology ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-09, Vol.12 (9), p.e0185129-e0185129</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2017 Hu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Hu et al 2017 Hu et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d6a896ace4ed849222f00e75463f2751aef4b4f5f64e16cc1796bda44e25245a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c692t-d6a896ace4ed849222f00e75463f2751aef4b4f5f64e16cc1796bda44e25245a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607203/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5607203/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,2100,2926,23865,27923,27924,53790,53792,79371,79372</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28931086$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Hashimoto, Kenji</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hu, Congli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, Shengnan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Guojuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mai, Shaoshan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Junqing</creatorcontrib><title>Re-evaluation of the interrelationships among the behavioral tests in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>The chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression has been widely used as an experimental tool to investigate human psychopathology. Our objective was to provide an update on the validity and reliability of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model, by analyzing the interrelationships among the indexes using stepwise discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the possible combinations. We evaluated the depressive rats in both the presence and the absence of chronic unpredictable mild stress, using weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state, splash test, open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, forced swimming test, and Morris water maze test. The results showed that 6-week-long chronic unpredictable mild stress produces significant depression and anxiety-like behavior. The combination of body weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state score, open-field score, grooming latency of splash test, immobility time in force swimming test, and platform crossing in the Morris water maze test can effectively discriminate between normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Strong interrelationships were noted among these indexes in both open-field test and elevated plus-maze test. In conclusion, there might be certain criteria for the combination of behavioral endpoints, which is advantageous to more effectively and reliably assess the chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression model.</description><subject>Animal cognition</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antidepressants</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Behavior modification</subject><subject>Behavior Rating Scale</subject><subject>Behavior, Animal</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Correlation coefficient</subject><subject>Correlation coefficients</subject><subject>Depression (Mood disorder)</subject><subject>Depression - etiology</subject><subject>Discriminant Analysis</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Grooming</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Latency</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maze Learning</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Open-field behavior</subject><subject>Pharmacology</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Psychopathology</subject><subject>Psychopharmacology</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Reliability analysis</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological</subject><subject>Stresses</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Sucrose</subject><subject>Sugar</subject><subject>Swimming</subject><subject>Swimming - 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etiology</topic><topic>Discriminant Analysis</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Grooming</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Latency</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maze Learning</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medicine and Health Sciences</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Open-field behavior</topic><topic>Pharmacology</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Psychological aspects</topic><topic>Psychopathology</topic><topic>Psychopharmacology</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Reliability analysis</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Social Sciences</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological</topic><topic>Stresses</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Sucrose</topic><topic>Sugar</topic><topic>Swimming</topic><topic>Swimming - psychology</topic><topic>Variance analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Congli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuang, Shengnan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Guojuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mai, Shaoshan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Junqing</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Congli</au><au>Luo, Ying</au><au>Wang, Hong</au><au>Kuang, Shengnan</au><au>Liang, Guojuan</au><au>Yang, Yang</au><au>Mai, Shaoshan</au><au>Yang, Junqing</au><au>Hashimoto, Kenji</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Re-evaluation of the interrelationships among the behavioral tests in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-09-20</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0185129</spage><epage>e0185129</epage><pages>e0185129-e0185129</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>The chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression has been widely used as an experimental tool to investigate human psychopathology. Our objective was to provide an update on the validity and reliability of the chronic unpredictable mild stress model, by analyzing the interrelationships among the indexes using stepwise discriminant analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the possible combinations. We evaluated the depressive rats in both the presence and the absence of chronic unpredictable mild stress, using weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state, splash test, open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, forced swimming test, and Morris water maze test. The results showed that 6-week-long chronic unpredictable mild stress produces significant depression and anxiety-like behavior. The combination of body weight change, percentage of sucrose preference, coat state score, open-field score, grooming latency of splash test, immobility time in force swimming test, and platform crossing in the Morris water maze test can effectively discriminate between normal and chronic unpredictable mild stress rats. Strong interrelationships were noted among these indexes in both open-field test and elevated plus-maze test. In conclusion, there might be certain criteria for the combination of behavioral endpoints, which is advantageous to more effectively and reliably assess the chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depression model.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28931086</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0185129</doi><tpages>e0185129</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animal cognition Animals Antidepressants Anxiety Behavior Behavior modification Behavior Rating Scale Behavior, Animal Biochemistry Biology and Life Sciences Body Weight Correlation analysis Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Depression (Mood disorder) Depression - etiology Discriminant Analysis Disease Models, Animal Grooming Laboratory animals Latency Male Maze Learning Medical research Medicine and Health Sciences Memory Mental depression Multivariate analysis Open-field behavior Pharmacology Physical Sciences Psychological aspects Psychopathology Psychopharmacology Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Reliability analysis Reproducibility of Results Research and Analysis Methods Rodents Social Sciences Stress, Psychological Stresses Studies Sucrose Sugar Swimming Swimming - psychology Variance analysis |
| title | Re-evaluation of the interrelationships among the behavioral tests in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress |
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