Availability, diversification and versatility explain human selection of introduced plants in Ecuadorian traditional medicine
Globally, a majority of people use plants as a primary source of healthcare and introduced plants are increasingly discussed as medicine. Protecting this resource for human health depends upon understanding which plants are used and how use patterns will change over time. The increasing use of intro...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | PloS one 2017-09, Vol.12 (9), p.e0184369-e0184369 |
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| creator | Hart, G Gaoue, Orou G de la Torre, Lucía Navarrete, Hugo Muriel, Priscilla Macía, Manuel J Balslev, Henrik León-Yánez, Susana Jørgensen, Peter Duffy, David Cameron |
| description | Globally, a majority of people use plants as a primary source of healthcare and introduced plants are increasingly discussed as medicine. Protecting this resource for human health depends upon understanding which plants are used and how use patterns will change over time. The increasing use of introduced plants in local pharmacopoeia has been explained by their greater abundance or accessibility (availability hypothesis), their ability to cure medical conditions that are not treated by native plants (diversification hypothesis), or as a result of the introduced plants' having many different simultaneous roles (versatility hypothesis). In order to describe the role of introduced plants in Ecuador, and to test these three hypotheses, we asked if introduced plants are over-represented in the Ecuadorian pharmacopoeia, and if their use as medicine is best explained by the introduced plants' greater availability, different therapeutic applications, or greater number of use categories. Drawing on 44,585 plant-use entries, and the checklist of >17,000 species found in Ecuador, we used multi-model inference to test if more introduced plants are used as medicines in Ecuador than expected by chance, and examine the support for each of the three hypotheses above. We find nuanced support for all hypotheses. More introduced plants are utilized than would be expected by chance, which can be explained by geographic distribution, their strong association with cultivation, diversification (except with regard to introduced diseases), and therapeutic versatility, but not versatility of use categories. Introduced plants make a disproportionately high contribution to plant medicine in Ecuador. The strong association of cultivation with introduced medicinal plant use highlights the importance of the maintenance of human-mediated environments such as homegardens and agroforests for the provisioning of healthcare services. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0184369 |
| format | Article |
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Protecting this resource for human health depends upon understanding which plants are used and how use patterns will change over time. The increasing use of introduced plants in local pharmacopoeia has been explained by their greater abundance or accessibility (availability hypothesis), their ability to cure medical conditions that are not treated by native plants (diversification hypothesis), or as a result of the introduced plants' having many different simultaneous roles (versatility hypothesis). In order to describe the role of introduced plants in Ecuador, and to test these three hypotheses, we asked if introduced plants are over-represented in the Ecuadorian pharmacopoeia, and if their use as medicine is best explained by the introduced plants' greater availability, different therapeutic applications, or greater number of use categories. Drawing on 44,585 plant-use entries, and the checklist of >17,000 species found in Ecuador, we used multi-model inference to test if more introduced plants are used as medicines in Ecuador than expected by chance, and examine the support for each of the three hypotheses above. We find nuanced support for all hypotheses. More introduced plants are utilized than would be expected by chance, which can be explained by geographic distribution, their strong association with cultivation, diversification (except with regard to introduced diseases), and therapeutic versatility, but not versatility of use categories. Introduced plants make a disproportionately high contribution to plant medicine in Ecuador. The strong association of cultivation with introduced medicinal plant use highlights the importance of the maintenance of human-mediated environments such as homegardens and agroforests for the provisioning of healthcare services.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184369</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28886104</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Abundance ; Agroforestry ; Availability ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Botany ; Cultivation ; Databases, Factual ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Ecuador ; Ethnobotany ; Flowers & plants ; Geographical distribution ; Health care ; Herbal medicine ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Indigenous plants ; Introduced plants ; Medicinal plants ; Medicine ; Medicine, Traditional ; Native species ; People and places ; Pharmacology ; Phytotherapy ; Plant protection ; Plant sciences ; Plants, Medicinal ; Provisioning ; Social Sciences ; Studies ; Therapeutic applications ; Traditional medicine ; Versatility</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-09, Vol.12 (9), p.e0184369-e0184369</ispartof><rights>2017 Hart et al. 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Protecting this resource for human health depends upon understanding which plants are used and how use patterns will change over time. The increasing use of introduced plants in local pharmacopoeia has been explained by their greater abundance or accessibility (availability hypothesis), their ability to cure medical conditions that are not treated by native plants (diversification hypothesis), or as a result of the introduced plants' having many different simultaneous roles (versatility hypothesis). In order to describe the role of introduced plants in Ecuador, and to test these three hypotheses, we asked if introduced plants are over-represented in the Ecuadorian pharmacopoeia, and if their use as medicine is best explained by the introduced plants' greater availability, different therapeutic applications, or greater number of use categories. Drawing on 44,585 plant-use entries, and the checklist of >17,000 species found in Ecuador, we used multi-model inference to test if more introduced plants are used as medicines in Ecuador than expected by chance, and examine the support for each of the three hypotheses above. We find nuanced support for all hypotheses. More introduced plants are utilized than would be expected by chance, which can be explained by geographic distribution, their strong association with cultivation, diversification (except with regard to introduced diseases), and therapeutic versatility, but not versatility of use categories. Introduced plants make a disproportionately high contribution to plant medicine in Ecuador. 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Priscilla</au><au>Macía, Manuel J</au><au>Balslev, Henrik</au><au>León-Yánez, Susana</au><au>Jørgensen, Peter</au><au>Duffy, David Cameron</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Availability, diversification and versatility explain human selection of introduced plants in Ecuadorian traditional medicine</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-09-08</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0184369</spage><epage>e0184369</epage><pages>e0184369-e0184369</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Globally, a majority of people use plants as a primary source of healthcare and introduced plants are increasingly discussed as medicine. Protecting this resource for human health depends upon understanding which plants are used and how use patterns will change over time. The increasing use of introduced plants in local pharmacopoeia has been explained by their greater abundance or accessibility (availability hypothesis), their ability to cure medical conditions that are not treated by native plants (diversification hypothesis), or as a result of the introduced plants' having many different simultaneous roles (versatility hypothesis). In order to describe the role of introduced plants in Ecuador, and to test these three hypotheses, we asked if introduced plants are over-represented in the Ecuadorian pharmacopoeia, and if their use as medicine is best explained by the introduced plants' greater availability, different therapeutic applications, or greater number of use categories. Drawing on 44,585 plant-use entries, and the checklist of >17,000 species found in Ecuador, we used multi-model inference to test if more introduced plants are used as medicines in Ecuador than expected by chance, and examine the support for each of the three hypotheses above. We find nuanced support for all hypotheses. More introduced plants are utilized than would be expected by chance, which can be explained by geographic distribution, their strong association with cultivation, diversification (except with regard to introduced diseases), and therapeutic versatility, but not versatility of use categories. Introduced plants make a disproportionately high contribution to plant medicine in Ecuador. 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| subjects | Abundance Agroforestry Availability Biology and Life Sciences Botany Cultivation Databases, Factual Ecology and Environmental Sciences Ecuador Ethnobotany Flowers & plants Geographical distribution Health care Herbal medicine Humans Hypotheses Indigenous plants Introduced plants Medicinal plants Medicine Medicine, Traditional Native species People and places Pharmacology Phytotherapy Plant protection Plant sciences Plants, Medicinal Provisioning Social Sciences Studies Therapeutic applications Traditional medicine Versatility |
| title | Availability, diversification and versatility explain human selection of introduced plants in Ecuadorian traditional medicine |
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