Lower frequency of TLR9 variant associated with protection from breast cancer among African Americans
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune system DNA-receptor that regulates tumor invasion and immunity in vitro. Low tumor TLR9 expression has been associated with poor survival in Caucasian patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). African American (AA) patients with TNBC have wor...
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| description | Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune system DNA-receptor that regulates tumor invasion and immunity in vitro. Low tumor TLR9 expression has been associated with poor survival in Caucasian patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). African American (AA) patients with TNBC have worse prognosis than Caucasians but whether this is due to differences in tumor biology remains controversial. We studied the prognostic significance of tumor Toll like receptor-9 (TLR9) protein expression among African American (AA) triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Germline TLR9 variants in European Americans (EAs) and AAs were investigated, to determine their contribution to AA breast cancer risk.
TLR9 expression was studied with immunohistochemistry in archival tumors. Exome Variant Server and The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to determine the genetic variation in the general EA and AA populations, and AA breast cancer cases. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were compared between EAs (n = 4300), AAs (n = 2203), and/or AA breast cancer cases (n = 131).
Thirty-two TLR9 variants had a statistically significant MAF difference between general EAs and AAs. Twenty-one of them affect a CpG site. Rs352140, a variant previously associated with protection from breast cancer, is more common in EAs than AAs (p = 2.20E-16). EAs had more synonymous alleles, while AAs had more rare coding alleles. Similar analyses comparing AA breast cancer cases with AA controls did not reveal any variant class differences; however, three previously unreported TLR9 variants were associated with late onset breast cancer. Although not statistically significant, rs352140 was observed less frequently in AA cases compared to controls. Tumor TLR9 protein expression was not associated with prognosis.
Tumor TLR9 expression is not associated with prognosis in AA TNBC. Significant differences were detected in TLR9 variant MAFs between EAs and AAs. They may affect TLR9 expression and function. Rs352140, which may protect from breast cancer, is 1.6 X more common among EAs. These findings call for a detailed analysis of the contribution of TLR9 to breast cancer pathophysiology and health disparities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pone.0183832 |
| format | Article |
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TLR9 expression was studied with immunohistochemistry in archival tumors. Exome Variant Server and The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to determine the genetic variation in the general EA and AA populations, and AA breast cancer cases. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were compared between EAs (n = 4300), AAs (n = 2203), and/or AA breast cancer cases (n = 131).
Thirty-two TLR9 variants had a statistically significant MAF difference between general EAs and AAs. Twenty-one of them affect a CpG site. Rs352140, a variant previously associated with protection from breast cancer, is more common in EAs than AAs (p = 2.20E-16). EAs had more synonymous alleles, while AAs had more rare coding alleles. Similar analyses comparing AA breast cancer cases with AA controls did not reveal any variant class differences; however, three previously unreported TLR9 variants were associated with late onset breast cancer. Although not statistically significant, rs352140 was observed less frequently in AA cases compared to controls. Tumor TLR9 protein expression was not associated with prognosis.
Tumor TLR9 expression is not associated with prognosis in AA TNBC. Significant differences were detected in TLR9 variant MAFs between EAs and AAs. They may affect TLR9 expression and function. Rs352140, which may protect from breast cancer, is 1.6 X more common among EAs. These findings call for a detailed analysis of the contribution of TLR9 to breast cancer pathophysiology and health disparities.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1932-6203</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183832</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28886076</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adult ; African Americans - genetics ; Aged ; Alleles ; Bioinformatics ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics ; Breast cancer ; Breast Neoplasms - genetics ; Breast Neoplasms - pathology ; Cancer ; CpG islands ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; DNA ; DNA methylation ; European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics ; Female ; Gene expression ; Gene frequency ; Gene Frequency - genetics ; Genetic diversity ; Genomes ; Health risks ; Hematology ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunity ; Immunohistochemistry ; In vitro methods and tests ; In Vitro Techniques ; Innate immunity ; Ligands ; Medical diagnosis ; Medical prognosis ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Meningitis ; Middle Aged ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Oncology ; Pathology ; Patients ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics ; Population genetics ; Prognosis ; Prostate ; Proteins ; Research and Analysis Methods ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical significance ; TLR9 protein ; Toll-Like Receptor 9 - genetics ; Toll-like receptors ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology ; Tumors ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>PloS one, 2017-09, Vol.12 (9), p.e0183832-e0183832</ispartof><rights>2017 Chandler et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 Chandler et al 2017 Chandler et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-9d22e30f3cca47282c59f2a9afb714f143c8d0ba6cfcf7eef8857633dd4e2b4d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-9d22e30f3cca47282c59f2a9afb714f143c8d0ba6cfcf7eef8857633dd4e2b4d3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4812-294X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5590816/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5590816/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79569,79570</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28886076$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chandler, Madison R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keene, Kimberly S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuomela, Johanna M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forero-Torres, Andres</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desmond, Renee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuopala, Katri S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris, Kevin W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merner, Nancy D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selander, Katri S</creatorcontrib><title>Lower frequency of TLR9 variant associated with protection from breast cancer among African Americans</title><title>PloS one</title><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><description>Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune system DNA-receptor that regulates tumor invasion and immunity in vitro. Low tumor TLR9 expression has been associated with poor survival in Caucasian patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). African American (AA) patients with TNBC have worse prognosis than Caucasians but whether this is due to differences in tumor biology remains controversial. We studied the prognostic significance of tumor Toll like receptor-9 (TLR9) protein expression among African American (AA) triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Germline TLR9 variants in European Americans (EAs) and AAs were investigated, to determine their contribution to AA breast cancer risk.
TLR9 expression was studied with immunohistochemistry in archival tumors. Exome Variant Server and The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to determine the genetic variation in the general EA and AA populations, and AA breast cancer cases. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were compared between EAs (n = 4300), AAs (n = 2203), and/or AA breast cancer cases (n = 131).
Thirty-two TLR9 variants had a statistically significant MAF difference between general EAs and AAs. Twenty-one of them affect a CpG site. Rs352140, a variant previously associated with protection from breast cancer, is more common in EAs than AAs (p = 2.20E-16). EAs had more synonymous alleles, while AAs had more rare coding alleles. Similar analyses comparing AA breast cancer cases with AA controls did not reveal any variant class differences; however, three previously unreported TLR9 variants were associated with late onset breast cancer. Although not statistically significant, rs352140 was observed less frequently in AA cases compared to controls. Tumor TLR9 protein expression was not associated with prognosis.
Tumor TLR9 expression is not associated with prognosis in AA TNBC. Significant differences were detected in TLR9 variant MAFs between EAs and AAs. They may affect TLR9 expression and function. Rs352140, which may protect from breast cancer, is 1.6 X more common among EAs. These findings call for a detailed analysis of the contribution of TLR9 to breast cancer pathophysiology and health disparities.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>African Americans - genetics</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alleles</subject><subject>Bioinformatics</subject><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics</subject><subject>Breast cancer</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Breast Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>CpG islands</subject><subject>Deoxyribonucleic acid</subject><subject>DNA</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene frequency</subject><subject>Gene Frequency - genetics</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Immunity</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry</subject><subject>In vitro methods and tests</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>Innate immunity</subject><subject>Ligands</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subject>Meningitis</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics</subject><subject>Population genetics</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Prostate</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Research and Analysis Methods</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Statistical significance</subject><subject>TLR9 protein</subject><subject>Toll-Like Receptor 9 - genetics</subject><subject>Toll-like receptors</subject><subject>Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics</subject><subject>Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>1932-6203</issn><issn>1932-6203</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptUk1r3DAQNaWlSdP-g9IKcullt_qwJflSWEI_AguFkp7FWB5ttNjSVvIm5N9X2XVCUnrSMHrvzczjVdV7RpdMKPZ5G_cpwLDcxYBLyrTQgr-oTlkr-EJyKl4-qU-qNzlvKW2ElvJ1dcK11pIqeVrhOt5iIi7hnz0Ge0eiI1frXy25geQhTARyjtbDhD259dM12aU4oZ18DIUUR9IlhDwRC8EWHRhj2JCVS740yGrEQ5HfVq8cDBnfze9Z9fvb16uLH4v1z--XF6v1wjZcTou25xwFdcJaqBXX3Dat49CC6xSrHauF1T3tQFpnnUJ0WjdKCtH3NfKu7sVZ9fGouxtiNrND2RQfpKZUClUQl0dEH2FrdsmPkO5MBG8OjZg2BtLk7YBGc2fBOmQOse4laq1c07TF_BbA1rRofZmn7bsRe4thSjA8E33-E_y12cQbU1SoZrIIfJoFUiz258mMPlscBggY94e9VcO1YrxAz_-B_v-6-oiyKeac0D0uw6i5T80Dy9ynxsypKbQPTw95JD3ERPwFKDDCyQ</recordid><startdate>20170908</startdate><enddate>20170908</enddate><creator>Chandler, Madison R</creator><creator>Keene, Kimberly S</creator><creator>Tuomela, Johanna M</creator><creator>Forero-Torres, Andres</creator><creator>Desmond, Renee</creator><creator>Vuopala, Katri S</creator><creator>Harris, Kevin W</creator><creator>Merner, Nancy D</creator><creator>Selander, Katri S</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQGLB</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-294X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170908</creationdate><title>Lower frequency of TLR9 variant associated with protection from breast cancer among African Americans</title><author>Chandler, Madison R ; Keene, Kimberly S ; Tuomela, Johanna M ; Forero-Torres, Andres ; Desmond, Renee ; Vuopala, Katri S ; Harris, Kevin W ; Merner, Nancy D ; Selander, Katri S</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c526t-9d22e30f3cca47282c59f2a9afb714f143c8d0ba6cfcf7eef8857633dd4e2b4d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>African Americans - 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genetics</topic><topic>Population genetics</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Prostate</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Research and Analysis Methods</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Statistical significance</topic><topic>TLR9 protein</topic><topic>Toll-Like Receptor 9 - genetics</topic><topic>Toll-like receptors</topic><topic>Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics</topic><topic>Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chandler, Madison R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Keene, Kimberly S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tuomela, Johanna M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forero-Torres, Andres</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Desmond, Renee</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuopala, Katri S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris, Kevin W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Merner, Nancy D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Selander, Katri S</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chandler, Madison R</au><au>Keene, Kimberly S</au><au>Tuomela, Johanna M</au><au>Forero-Torres, Andres</au><au>Desmond, Renee</au><au>Vuopala, Katri S</au><au>Harris, Kevin W</au><au>Merner, Nancy D</au><au>Selander, Katri S</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lower frequency of TLR9 variant associated with protection from breast cancer among African Americans</atitle><jtitle>PloS one</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS One</addtitle><date>2017-09-08</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>e0183832</spage><epage>e0183832</epage><pages>e0183832-e0183832</pages><issn>1932-6203</issn><eissn>1932-6203</eissn><abstract>Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune system DNA-receptor that regulates tumor invasion and immunity in vitro. Low tumor TLR9 expression has been associated with poor survival in Caucasian patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). African American (AA) patients with TNBC have worse prognosis than Caucasians but whether this is due to differences in tumor biology remains controversial. We studied the prognostic significance of tumor Toll like receptor-9 (TLR9) protein expression among African American (AA) triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Germline TLR9 variants in European Americans (EAs) and AAs were investigated, to determine their contribution to AA breast cancer risk.
TLR9 expression was studied with immunohistochemistry in archival tumors. Exome Variant Server and The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to determine the genetic variation in the general EA and AA populations, and AA breast cancer cases. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) were compared between EAs (n = 4300), AAs (n = 2203), and/or AA breast cancer cases (n = 131).
Thirty-two TLR9 variants had a statistically significant MAF difference between general EAs and AAs. Twenty-one of them affect a CpG site. Rs352140, a variant previously associated with protection from breast cancer, is more common in EAs than AAs (p = 2.20E-16). EAs had more synonymous alleles, while AAs had more rare coding alleles. Similar analyses comparing AA breast cancer cases with AA controls did not reveal any variant class differences; however, three previously unreported TLR9 variants were associated with late onset breast cancer. Although not statistically significant, rs352140 was observed less frequently in AA cases compared to controls. Tumor TLR9 protein expression was not associated with prognosis.
Tumor TLR9 expression is not associated with prognosis in AA TNBC. Significant differences were detected in TLR9 variant MAFs between EAs and AAs. They may affect TLR9 expression and function. Rs352140, which may protect from breast cancer, is 1.6 X more common among EAs. These findings call for a detailed analysis of the contribution of TLR9 to breast cancer pathophysiology and health disparities.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>28886076</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pone.0183832</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4812-294X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1932-6203 |
| ispartof | PloS one, 2017-09, Vol.12 (9), p.e0183832-e0183832 |
| issn | 1932-6203 1932-6203 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_plos_journals_1936800637 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Adult African Americans - genetics Aged Alleles Bioinformatics Biology and Life Sciences Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics Breast cancer Breast Neoplasms - genetics Breast Neoplasms - pathology Cancer CpG islands Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA methylation European Continental Ancestry Group - genetics Female Gene expression Gene frequency Gene Frequency - genetics Genetic diversity Genomes Health risks Hematology Humans Immune system Immunity Immunohistochemistry In vitro methods and tests In Vitro Techniques Innate immunity Ligands Medical diagnosis Medical prognosis Medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Meningitis Middle Aged Minority & ethnic groups Oncology Pathology Patients Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics Population genetics Prognosis Prostate Proteins Research and Analysis Methods Statistical analysis Statistical significance TLR9 protein Toll-Like Receptor 9 - genetics Toll-like receptors Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - genetics Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms - pathology Tumors Womens health |
| title | Lower frequency of TLR9 variant associated with protection from breast cancer among African Americans |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-19T22%3A32%3A28IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_plos_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lower%20frequency%20of%20TLR9%20variant%20associated%20with%20protection%20from%20breast%20cancer%20among%20African%20Americans&rft.jtitle=PloS%20one&rft.au=Chandler,%20Madison%20R&rft.date=2017-09-08&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=e0183832&rft.epage=e0183832&rft.pages=e0183832-e0183832&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.eissn=1932-6203&rft_id=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0183832&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_plos_%3E1937528712%3C/proquest_plos_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1936800637&rft_id=info:pmid/28886076&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_82fcacfe1fee4d6e887f5591379aac40&rfr_iscdi=true |